Why is Neo-Confucianism called "Neo-Confucianism"? How to understand the position of Confucianism in Ming and Qing Dynasties

Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties is a historical statement of Confucianism, and it is the transformation of Confucianism from Buddhism to Taoism after the transformation of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties is a powerful revival of Confucianism, which has gradually declined since Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Outstanding features: transforming traditional Confucianism and integrating Buddhism and Taoism.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, some officials' educational thoughts were influenced by western learning, which had a great influence on middle schools, but Confucianism still occupied the mainstream position. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's feudal society had entered its later stage. At that time, the seeds of capitalism had appeared and developed slowly under the pressure of feudal autocracy. The decline of the old system and the emergence of new social factors, like the laws of all countries in the world, are first sensitively reflected in the ideological circle. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a group of thinkers who opposed the decadent rule of traditional Confucianism and feudal absolutism became a new cultural trend in this period. They critically inherited the traditional Confucian system and revived our traditional culture. Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism went to extremes during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which caused serious harm to the society, so some progressive thinkers criticized Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. 1. Reasons for the active ideological situation in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties 1) Politics: 1, international situation: the rise of world capitalism. Second, the domestic situation: The Ming and Qing Dynasties were in an important period of social transformation, and China was undergoing earth-shaking changes. The absolute monarchy has been strengthened unprecedentedly, the feudal system is declining day by day, the crisis of feudal rule is deepening day by day, and class contradictions and ethnic contradictions are very sharp. Feudal social crisis is deepening, land annexation is serious, and peasant uprisings are frequent; The power vacuum appeared in the Ming and Qing dynasties, which provided a political environment for freedom of thought.