For example, women don't need lifelong education. In ancient times, it was believed that women without talent were virtuous. In modern times, what should be included in women's lifelong education? In China, for example, women don't need lifelong education. In ancient times, it was believed that women without talent were virtuous. In modern times, what should be included in women's lifelong education? What is the development of women's education in China? In slave society and feudal society, the main form of education for women in China is family education. The development of modern women's education The first girls' school run by China people in China in modern times was the Zheng Jing girls' school founded by jing yuan Shanyu 1898, which was the first coeducational school in Peking University. The development of modern women's education in China The first stage of women's education after the founding of the People's Republic of China was 1949- 1966. The old education system was reformed and a new education system was established. The second stage is 1966- 1976. The ten-year Cultural Revolution ignored the physiological differences between men and women and made women lose their natural attributes. At this stage, the number of girls attending school has generally decreased. In the third stage, 1977 since the reform and opening up for more than 20 years, education has made great progress and women's education has also made great achievements. 2. Illustrate gender differences in education with examples and analyze the reasons for these differences. There is no standard answer to the analysis question. Please refer to the second section of Chapter III. 3. What are the main contents of lifelong education for women? 1. Equal care for infants and children and enlightenment of gender awareness. 2. Adolescent gender knowledge education and equality awareness training. 3. The education and training of young and middle-aged women should not only pay attention to the education and training of professional knowledge and production skills, but also pay attention to the enlightenment of equality consciousness and development consciousness. The education of social life and family life knowledge enables women to become people with self-consciousness including equality consciousness, right consciousness and development consciousness and development ability including rights protection ability, entrepreneurship ability and life ability when facing social life and family life problems. 4. The education and training of elderly women should focus on social, economic, legal, health, leisure and entertainment knowledge closely related to their lives. Chapter IV Women and Legal Thinking 1, What is domestic violence? What should women do in the face of domestic violence? 2. What should women do in the face of sexual harassment? 3. What are the countermeasures to prevent female crime? Reference answer 1, the meaning of domestic violence? The behavior of the perpetrator causing certain harm to family members by beating, binding, maiming, forcibly restricting personal freedom or other means. Domestic violence is the result of many factors. To eradicate this social evil, we must take various social measures at the same time. Among them, legal means is irreplaceable. 2. Definition of Sexual Harassment In 2005, the word "sexual harassment of women" was added to the amendment to the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests, which was the first time that the word "sexual harassment" appeared in China's legislation. Sexual harassment is generally manifested in three ways: 1 verbal sexual harassment 2 behavioral sexual harassment 3 environmental sexual harassment. The damage caused by sexual harassment is mainly mental damage. Material damage is more objective, and the evidence against it is easier to collect and determine the damage. Mental damage is intangible, how to prove the degree of mental damage? There is still a long way to go to answer this question reasonably in theory and practice. However, although it is difficult to prove sexual harassment cases, the victims should not be afraid. They should be brave enough to resist sexual harassment, report it in time, and find ways to let the harasser leave clues so as to create evidence conditions for safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests in the future. 3, some countermeasures to prevent female crime 1 Study new educational mechanism to improve women's ideological, cultural and moral quality and enhance the concept of the legal system; 2 Solve various contradictions and create conditions to prevent and reduce crimes; 3 Strengthen the correction of female criminals to prevent the recurrence of crimes; Chapter 5 Reflections on women and literature 1, Talk about the main connotation of female literature. 2. What women were absent from the compilation of literary history in the past? 3. Try to describe the development track of female literature in the new period. Reference answer 1. Strictly speaking, female literature refers to literature in which female writers observe women's living conditions from a unique female perspective, and women's unique experiences fully reflect women's consciousness. Generally speaking, female literature refers to all the literature created by all female writers, including female life and all the spirit and significance beyond the life of all mankind. 2. There are two basic forms of female absence in the compilation of literary history: explicit absence and implicit absence. Explicit absence refers to the obvious lack of clarity in the works of female writers who are outside the mainstream culture. It is the absence of women and the presentation of individual special forms. Invisible absence refers to the absence of women in name only, that is, the absence of feminist critical discourse is a common routine form in literary history. 3. From 1980s to the end of 1990s, the development track of female literature in the new period experienced three stages. Women's writing in the late 1970s started the development of contemporary women's literature. In the early 1980s, Zhang Jie's Ark became the real starting point of women's literature in China, marking the first stage of the development of women's literature. In the mid-1980s, women's literature developed to the second stage, that is, the stage of exploring and constructing women's discourse. In the 1990s, women's literature entered the third stage, which is the real personalized stage of women's discourse and the mature stage of women's literature. Chapter 6: Reflections on Women and Media 1. What basic qualities should female media practitioners have? 2. How to treat the female images in the media? 3. What feminist critical perspectives should female audiences have? 1. First of all, they should have the basic professional qualities and professional ethics required by journalists. Especially with the continuous development of media technology, female media practitioners will not be eliminated unless they master the latest technology. Especially with the rapid development of computers and the Internet, women have to participate in the competition of new technologies to avoid losing their right to speak in the field of technology and media. The second is to have a strong gender awareness and gender sensitivity. Only in this way can female journalists consciously and actively advocate and promote gender equality and gender justice in their own communication practice, and use the mass media as a communication platform to promote the construction of a harmonious and ideal society for men and women. 2. First, women are symbolized. After the mass media symbolized women, women accepted the social role set for them by the media, thus accepting the concept that seems inconsistent with their social interests, and then completing the reproduction or even reproduction of the existing patriarchal social power structure with gender inequality. Second, women are objectified. Nowadays, a large number of media create a large number of beautiful images in various ways, thus "selling" women as commodities. According to the survey and statistics, there are more than 20 kinds of periodicals and magazines for young people with large circulation in China, and almost every issue has beautiful women, accounting for more than two thirds. Third, women are objectified by sex. At present, the female images created by the media mainly focus on appearance, figure and meekness, and women are usually regarded as sexual objects by the media. The analysis of cosmetic advertisements shows that in these advertisements, the complete image of women is often replaced by a pair of eyes, a beautiful leg and a red lip. The symbol of a woman's success lies in her appreciation and pursuit. These advertisements put women under the scrutiny of men, guide women to be masculine and beautiful, exaggerate the importance of physical beauty, strengthen women's anxiety about their own bodies, and regard sexual charm as the goal pursued by women. The final result is that women are dismembered and cut, which affects the establishment of their psychological and spiritual independent personality and self-reliance consciousness. 3. Female audiences should be alert to gender discrimination in the media and criticize the objectification of women's gender symbolism. Chapter VII Women and Aesthetic Thinking 1. What are the main characteristics of female beauty in patriarchal history? What does it have to do with gender consciousness and female identity? 2. Do you think the present female aesthetic tendency has got rid of the bondage of patriarchy? Please use reality to demonstrate. 3. How do you understand the high-quality multidimensional female beauty? Reference answer 1. (1) In the history of patriarchy, female beauty is recognized by men, and its main features are subordination, instrumentality and materiality. ⑵. Giving women one-dimensional aesthetic standards and female orientation is the basis of certain gender consciousness and female identity in the history of patriarchy. It reflects the lack of women as the subject of value creation. 2. Today's female aesthetic tendency has not completely got rid of the bondage of patriarchy. There are also: ① material existence-appearance beauty; (2) instrumental existence-reproductive tools, moral tools and political tools; 3 subordinate and passive existence-softness in beauty; 4 morbid existence-fly in the ointment. 3. First, the aesthetic concept is updated. From "women please themselves" to "please themselves", from covering up women's characteristics to taking "sexiness" and nature as beauty, from thrusting eyebrows and eyes to paying attention to temperament, expanding aesthetic levels and deepening aesthetic connotation. Secondly, the aesthetic behavior is updated. Women should be full of self-confidence and shape a healthy, free, natural, self-reliant, self-reliant and connotative female self. Women can choose a new way of self-maintenance-beauty-fitness appearance-connotation appearance-temperament disease-strength. Moreover, the beautiful photos have been updated. To treat, understand and appreciate women as equal "people" with themselves is complete and subjective. . Chapter VIII Reflections on Women and Ecological Civilization 1. What are the similarities between women and nature? What is the root of their "other" identity? 2. Do men also have the problem of identity liberation? Is it a conflict with women's liberation? Refer to the answer 1, 1. Similarity between women's existence and natural state-contradiction 2. Communication between women and the fate of natural culture-subordination 3. The ideal of women and nature is the same-harmony. But it does not conflict with women's liberation. Women's liberation does not regard men as women's enemies. Their common goal is to build a green world in the future and form a social model of partnership. In a partnership society, the principles of integrity, fairness and equality require people to cooperate and respect each other, participate in each other, and work in peace and harmony for everyone's common interests. In a partnership environment, people are willing to listen, share sympathetically, feel valued, and have sincere concern and security. True partnership leads to the rights and conditions for everyone to realize themselves. Chapter 9 Thinking about Women's Body and Wisdom 1, What is the new concept of women's health? 2. What are the criticisms of feminist psychology on mainstream psychology? 3. What are the advantages of women's intellectual structure 1, and health is a basic right of women. Health not only means good health, but also means being able to control yourself better and be responsible for the health of your family. Only when women finally have the right to make free, informed and responsible choices and can consciously safeguard their rights and interests in society can sustainable development be realized. 2. Criticize the phenomenon of "female invisibility" in traditional psychological research and put forward the concept of "gender". Criticizing traditional psychology has always taken natural science as an ideal model, pursued objective neutrality, tried to find universal, universal and suitable psychological laws for everyone, and ignored the influence of situation and cultural background on behavior. 3. 1 Advantages of perception and motor ability 2. Advantages of memory ability 3. Advantages of speaking ability 4. Thinking Advantage Chapter 10 Reflections on Women and Marriage and Family 1. How to treat China women's long marriage revolution II? What kind of views on marriage and love should modern women have in order to get real happiness? Take successful women as an example to talk about your understanding of the relationship between women's career and family. 4. What efforts will you make to build an ideal harmonious family? Reference answer 1. Contact someone to give a practical answer. 2. A positive and correct view of marriage and love is the premise of women's happy life and career success. Women should respect themselves, be independent and strive for self-improvement, and pursue emotional satisfaction and spiritual harmony based on love. Women need to constantly strengthen their personality as an independent person, improve their quality and self-cultivation in many ways, psychologically dilute traditional concepts, maintain independent personality without relying on others, and establish a self-reliant concept of marriage and love. In love and marriage, women are free and independent individuals like men. Based on this, women can establish a correct view of marriage and love and strive for maximum development. 3. Contact someone to give a practical answer. 4. Four efforts: 1. Constantly improve the equal and independent subject personality; 2. Strive to pursue the same ownership of career and family; 3. Actively create romantic passion that nourishes marriage; 4. Pursuing the perfect combination of sex and spirit. XI Reflections on Women's Participation in Politics and Employment 1. What is gender segregation in employment, and what effect does it have on women's employment? 2. What are the main problems facing women's participation in politics in China at present? 3. Design an action plan to promote women's political participation. 4. What are the advantages of female employment in the era of knowledge economy? 5. Talk about the specific performance of gender orientation in the field of information technology. Reference answer 1. The so-called occupational gender segregation means that in the same industry, women have low status and low income, while men have high status. Occupational gender segregation is the main reason for the employment inequality between men and women. 2. At present, the main problem facing women's political participation in China is 1. Women's participation in politics is very low. The structure of women's participation in politics is very poor. The external environment and employment mechanism restrict women's participation in politics. Gender discrimination caused by traditional culture is deeply rooted. Women's awareness of participating in politics is weak. 3, the main countermeasures to promote women's participation in politics 1 Improve policies and regulations conducive to women's participation in politics 2, strive to change the stale gender culture 3, improve the level of women's participation in politics. This problem requires students to draw up an action plan to promote women's participation in politics, and combine it with reality, with a clear-cut stand and their own personal opinions. 4. Women's employment has advantages in the era of knowledge economy. 1 The era of knowledge economy provides a good opportunity to achieve gender equality. 2. The development of information technology in the era of knowledge economy provides broad prospects for women's employment. First of all, the production and service of information technology have created a huge job market. In the era of knowledge economy, the leading direction of employment has rapidly shifted from the production field to the service field, and from the primary industry to the tertiary industry which is more suitable for the physiological and psychological characteristics of female workers, thus providing many qualified occupations for women. Secondly, the development of information technology provides diverse forms of employment for women. Informatization will lead to great changes in the organizational forms and working methods of commerce, finance and trade. People can make use of the established information network to shop at home, carry out two-way video-on-demand, scientific consultation, browse newspapers and magazines and apply for jobs online. On this basis, it will be possible to implement flexible working system "remote work", "part-time work" or "work at home" on a large scale. 5. Specific manifestations of gender orientation in the field of information technology. First of all, in the decision-making department of the information technology industry, men still occupy an absolute advantage, and the rules and systems formulated often reflect men's values and norms, while women are mostly marginalized in the information technology department and cannot enjoy equal treatment with men. Secondly, the employment rate of women in the information technology field is lower than that of men. An important feature in the field of information technology is that the input of technical talents and knowledge is becoming more and more important. However, because the reality of gender inequality has not completely changed, there is a gap between women and men in obtaining and mastering information resources, employment opportunities, receiving education, mastering power and participating in decision-making. The traditional social stereotype that women are not as good as men in mastering new technologies has also dampened women's confidence in entering the information field, making the proportion of women majoring in information technology far lower than that of men.
What is the development process of ancient women's education? In slave society and feudal society, the main form of women's education in China is family education. The four virtues of women are "female virtue, female speech, female appearance and female worker". The development of modern women's education The first girls' school run by China people in China in modern times was the Zheng Jing girls' school founded by jing yuan Shanyu 1898, which was the first coeducational school in Peking University. The development of modern women's education in China The first stage of women's education after the founding of the People's Republic of China was 1949- 1966. The old education system was reformed and a new education system was established. The second stage is 1966- 1976. The ten-year Cultural Revolution ignored the physiological differences between men and women and made women lose their natural attributes. At this stage, the number of girls attending school has generally decreased. In the third stage, 1977 Since the reform and opening up for more than 20 years, education has made great progress and women's education has also made great achievements. 2. Illustrate gender differences in education with examples and analyze the reasons for these differences. There is no standard answer to the analysis question. Please refer to the second section of Chapter III. 3. What are the main contents of lifelong education for women? 1. Equal care for infants and children and enlightenment of gender awareness. 2. Adolescent gender knowledge education and equality awareness training. 3. The education and training of young and middle-aged women should not only pay attention to the education and training of professional knowledge and production skills, but also pay attention to the enlightenment of equality consciousness and development consciousness. The education of social life and family life knowledge enables women to become people with self-consciousness including equality consciousness, right consciousness and development consciousness and development ability including rights protection ability, entrepreneurship ability and life ability when facing social life and family life problems. 4. The education and training of elderly women should focus on social, economic, legal, health, leisure and entertainment knowledge closely related to their lives. Chapter IV Women and Legal Thinking 1, What is domestic violence? What should women do in the face of domestic violence? 2. What should women do in the face of sexual harassment? 3. What are the countermeasures to prevent female crime? Reference answer 1, the meaning of domestic violence? The behavior of the perpetrator causing certain harm to family members by beating, binding, maiming, forcibly restricting personal freedom or other means. Domestic violence is the result of many factors. To eradicate this social evil, we must take various social measures at the same time. Among them, legal means is irreplaceable. 2. Definition of Sexual Harassment In 2005, the word "sexual harassment of women" was added to the amendment to the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests, which was the first time that the word "sexual harassment" appeared in China's legislation. Sexual harassment is generally manifested in three ways: 1 verbal sexual harassment 2 behavioral sexual harassment 3 environmental sexual harassment. The damage caused by sexual harassment is mainly mental damage. Material damage is more objective, and the evidence against it is easier to collect and determine the damage. Mental damage is intangible, how to prove the degree of mental damage? There is still a long way to go to answer this question reasonably in theory and practice. However, although it is difficult to prove sexual harassment cases, the victims should not be afraid. They should be brave enough to resist sexual harassment, report it in time, and find ways to let the harasser leave clues so as to create evidence conditions for safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests in the future. 3, some countermeasures to prevent female crime 1 Study new education mechanism to improve women's ideological, cultural and moral quality and enhance the concept of the legal system; 2 Solve various contradictions and create conditions to prevent and reduce crimes; 3 Strengthen the correction of female criminals to prevent the recurrence of crimes; Chapter 5 Reflections on women and literature 1, Talk about the main connotation of female literature. 2. What women were absent from the compilation of literary history in the past? 3. Try to describe the development track of female literature in the new period. Reference answer 1. Strictly speaking, female literature refers to literature in which female writers observe women's living conditions from a unique female perspective, and women's unique experiences fully reflect women's consciousness. Generally speaking, female literature refers to all the literature created by all female writers, including female life and all the spirit and significance beyond the life of all mankind. 2. There are two basic forms of female absence in the compilation of literary history: explicit absence and implicit absence. Explicit absence refers to the obvious lack of clarity in the works of female writers who are outside the mainstream culture. It is the absence of women and the presentation of individual special forms. Invisible absence refers to the absence of women in name only, that is, the absence of feminist critical discourse is a common routine form in literary history. 3. From 1980s to the end of 1990s, the development track of female literature in the new period experienced three stages. Women's writing in the late 1970s started the development of contemporary women's literature. In the early 1980s, Zhang Jie's Ark became the real starting point of women's literature in China, marking the first stage of the development of women's literature. In the mid-1980s, women's literature developed to the second stage, that is, the stage of exploring and constructing women's discourse. In the 1990s, women's literature entered the third stage, which is the real personalized stage of women's discourse and the mature stage of women's literature. Chapter 6: Reflections on Women and Media 1. What basic qualities should female media practitioners have? 2. How to treat the female images in the media? 3. What feminist critical perspectives should female audiences have? 1. First of all, they should have the basic professional qualities and professional ethics required by journalists. Especially with the continuous development of media technology, female media practitioners will not be eliminated unless they master the latest technology. Especially with the rapid development of computers and the Internet, women have to participate in the competition of new technologies to avoid losing their right to speak in the field of technology and media. The second is to have a strong gender awareness and gender sensitivity. Only in this way can female journalists consciously and actively advocate and promote gender equality and gender justice in their own communication practice, and use the mass media as a communication platform to promote the construction of a harmonious and ideal society for men and women. 2. First, women are symbolized. After the mass media symbolized women, women accepted the social role set for them by the media, thus accepting the concept that seems inconsistent with their social interests, and then completing the reproduction or even reproduction of the existing patriarchal social power structure with gender inequality. Second, women are objectified. Nowadays, a large number of media create a large number of beautiful images in various ways, thus "selling" women as commodities. According to the survey and statistics, there are more than 20 kinds of periodicals and magazines for young people with large circulation in China, and almost every issue has beautiful women, accounting for more than two thirds. Third, women are objectified by sex. At present, the female images created by the media mainly focus on appearance, figure and meekness, and women are usually regarded as sexual objects by the media. The analysis of cosmetic advertisements shows that in these advertisements, the complete image of women is often replaced by a pair of eyes, a beautiful leg and a red lip. The symbol of a woman's success lies in her appreciation and pursuit. These advertisements put women under the scrutiny of men, guide women to be masculine and beautiful, exaggerate the importance of physical beauty, strengthen women's anxiety about their own bodies, and regard sexual charm as the goal pursued by women. The final result is that women are dismembered and cut, which affects the establishment of their psychological and spiritual independent personality and self-reliance consciousness. 3. Female audiences should be alert to gender discrimination in the media and criticize the objectification of women's gender symbolism. Chapter VII Women and Aesthetic Thinking 1. What are the main characteristics of female beauty in patriarchal history? What does it have to do with gender consciousness and female identity? 2. Do you think the present female aesthetic tendency has got rid of the bondage of patriarchy? Please use reality to demonstrate. 3. How do you understand the high-quality multidimensional female beauty? Reference answer 1. (1) In the history of patriarchy, female beauty is recognized by men, and its main features are subordination, instrumentality and materiality. ⑵. Giving women one-dimensional aesthetic standards and female orientation is the basis of certain gender consciousness and female identity in the history of patriarchy. It reflects the lack of women as the subject of value creation. 2. Today's female aesthetic tendency has not completely got rid of the bondage of patriarchy. There are also: ① material existence-appearance beauty; (2) instrumental existence-reproductive tools, moral tools and political tools; 3 subordinate and passive existence-softness in beauty; 4 morbid existence-fly in the ointment. 3. First, the aesthetic concept is updated. From "women please themselves" to "please themselves", from covering up women's characteristics to taking "sexiness" and nature as beauty, from thrusting eyebrows and eyes to paying attention to temperament, expanding aesthetic levels and deepening aesthetic connotation. Secondly, the aesthetic behavior is updated. Women should be full of self-confidence and shape a healthy, free, natural, self-reliant, self-reliant and connotative female self. Women can choose a new way of self-maintenance-beauty-fitness appearance-connotation appearance-temperament disease-strength. Moreover, the beautiful photos have been updated. To treat, understand and appreciate women as equal "people" with themselves is complete and subjective. . Chapter VIII Reflections on Women and Ecological Civilization 1. What are the similarities between women and nature? What is the root of their "other" identity? 2. Do men also have the problem of identity liberation? Is it a conflict with women's liberation? Refer to the answer 1, 1. Similarity between women's existence and natural state-contradiction 2. Communication between women and the fate of natural culture-subordination 3. The ideal of women and nature is the same-harmony. But it does not conflict with women's liberation. Women's liberation does not regard men as women's enemies. Their common goal is to build a green world in the future and form a social model of partnership. In a partnership society, the principles of integrity, fairness and equality require people to cooperate and respect each other, participate in each other, and work in peace and harmony for everyone's common interests. In a partnership environment, people are willing to listen, share sympathetically, feel valued, and have sincere concern and security. True partnership leads to the rights and conditions for everyone to realize themselves. Chapter 9 Thinking about Women's Body and Wisdom 1, What is the new concept of women's health? 2. What are the criticisms of feminist psychology on mainstream psychology? 3. What are the advantages of women's intellectual structure 1, and health is a basic right of women. Health not only means good health, but also means being able to control yourself better and be responsible for the health of your family. Only when women finally have the right to make free, informed and responsible choices and can consciously safeguard their rights and interests in society can sustainable development be realized.