Information on the Buyi

Buyi, one of China's ethnic minorities. There are 254,505,059 of them, including more than 2 million in Guizhou Province, accounting for more than 95% of the population of the Buyi. They mainly live in two Buyei Miao Autonomous Prefectures of Qiannan and Qianxinan, as well as 10 counties (cities) in Guizhou, including Duyun, Dushan, Pingtang and Zhenning. The rest are scattered in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and other provinces (regions).

The Buyei region has green mountains and water, and colorful natural scenery. The famous Huangguoshu Waterfall, Guiyang Huaxi, Anshun "Dragon Palace" cave, Panjiang Iron Bridge and other dozen of tourist attractions, meet thousands of tourists every year. In addition to tourism resources, wildlife and mineral resources are also abundant.

The Buyei people are mainly engaged in agriculture and have a long history of growing rice. The Hongshui River basin is also one of the most important forest areas in China.

The Buyi are the indigenous inhabitants of the southeastern part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, where they have been laboring and living since the Stone Age. The Buyi are related to the ancient "Bong", "Baiyue" and "Baipu". In the Tang Dynasty, they were called "Southwest Barbarians", and after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, they were called "Tombs" and "Zhongjia Barbarians", and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they were called "Zhong Barbarians". After the founding of New China, they are collectively known as the Buyi.

The Buyei language belongs to the Zhuang-Dai branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, and there is no written language for this ethnic group.

The Buyei language was created in the 1950s, but it has not been universally popularized, and there are now many more people who use Chinese as a common language.

Buyi people since the Song Dynasty, all dynasties have resisted the exploitation and oppression of the feudal ruling class of the peasant uprising struggle, in modern history, but also carried out against foreign churches, resistance to the Japanese imperialism and the Kuomintang reactionary faction of the struggle, is a glorious revolutionary tradition of the nation.

Mountains and waterside slate houses

The Buyei people live in a remarkable feature is that they live in the mountains and waterside clusters. Most of the dwellings are dry-fence buildings or half-floor (the front half of the front is a building, the back half of the back is a cottage) type of slate houses. Zhenning, Guizhou, Anshun and other Buyei areas are rich in high-quality stone, and there can be layer by layer to uncover the basic uniformity of the thin and thick flat slabs, this thin slice of stone from the water into shale. Local Buyei people to adapt to local conditions, local materials, with stone to build a block of stone houses with national characteristics. Slate house with stone or stone block wall, the wall can be built to five or six meters high; to slate roof, paved into a neat rhombus or with the material paved into the scale pattern, stone dwellings are not only impervious to the wind and rain, but also simple and beautiful, the roof is heavy, live in peace and is not depressing. In short, in addition to the sandalwood rafters are wood, the rest are all stone, and even the daily use of family tables, stools, stoves, bowls, pestles, mills, grooves, tanks, pots and so on, are stone chiseling. Everything is simple and honest. This kind of house is warm in winter and cool in summer, moisture-proof and fire-proof, only poor lighting.

Zhenning Buyi and Miao Autonomous County seat of the town of Chengguan, the vast majority of houses are stone construction, three or four layers of stone buildings there are dozens of. Because the stone is light gray-white, processed more crystalline, so look at Zhenning during the day, the silver light flashes; moonlit night look at Zhenning, condensing frost cover snow. For this reason, the ancient "silver Zhenning", commonly known as "silver Zhenning" reputation. The town's stone buildings, a long history of more than 600 years of wind and rain, so both the music can be called solidified, but also as an immortal epic.

The Buyei people have a lot to say about building houses. First of all, we should ask Mr. Yin and Yang to look at the "feng shui", and choose the base of the house in the mountains and the water, not only to have the back of the mountains, but also to face the Bifeng. The best mountain is "crouching lion arching", "green dragon guard", "nobleman riding" and other mountains; to the mountain to choose "two dragons grabbing treasure "," Double Dragon Playing with Pearls "," Ten Thousand Horses to the trough "," Longevity Star " and other forms. Good in the Buyei area is mostly limestone mountains, this kind of mountains is not difficult to find. To build a house, you need to choose an auspicious day, and one month before the auspicious day, you need to ask a carpenter to break the material to make a house frame. On the auspicious day of the erection of the frame, we should offer sacrifices to Master Lu Ban. Room frame erected, the father-in-law's family to send the beam, the beam tied with red silk tied to the large flowers, and there are bands and lion dance team firecrackers accompanied. At the time of the beam, songs and dances, rituals and banquets are held. Finally, the ancestors' tablets and the God of the Stove (charcoal fire) are taken to the new house. The whole process of building a new house is full of festivities and mutual assistance in the Buyei villages.

Batik craft is famous.

Buyi batik has been famous for a long time. As early as in the Song Dynasty, there were records of batik cloth as a specialty of Huishui, Guizhou. The "blue and white cloth" mentioned in the history books of the Qing Dynasty is batik cloth. Buyi girls start to learn batik technique from their mothers when they are 12 or 13 years old. First, the beeswax is heated and melted into wax juice, then a triangular copper wax knife is dipped into the wax juice, and all kinds of beautiful and vivid patterns are carefully drawn on the white cloth, and then it is put into an indigo tank and dyed blue or light blue, and then finally the cloth is put into a pot to boil off the beeswax, and then fished out and repeatedly swept in the river water, dried, and then it is turned into unique batik handicrafts.

The batik fabrics are made with rich and simple patterns, lively and bold paintings, and show the unique tortoise pattern (also known as small ripples), which has an artistic effect that cannot be replaced by machines.

The batik art of different regions has different styles: some love to use flowers, birds, insects and fish as batik patterns, with bold and vivid compositions; some are characterized by strict structure and delicate lines; some are taken from dragon claw flowers and Tsewa flowers, with rugged and bright hues. ...... Batik art has not only beautified people's lives but also enriched the clothing of Chinese and foreign women. The batik art not only beautifies people's life, but also enriches the clothes of Chinese and foreign women.

In the last 20 years, some batik factories have been built in Guizhou, and there are special artists and designers to create and draw new patterns. The figures of various characters and animals are richer, and the colors tend to be diversified.

Batik cloth is mostly used for women's headscarves, dresses, waistbands, quilts, curtains and drapes. Some of them are of high craftsmanship level, and the patterns are very novel and exquisite, and they are also used as artistic wall hangings to decorate the living rooms and hotels and restaurants. Buyi women also add embroidery on batik dresses, which is more charming.

In addition to batik, the traditional folk crafts of the Buyi people include tie-dye, brocade, embroidery, wood carving, stone carving and bamboo weaving.

Buyi families live separately. But despite the separation of the brothers, in the distribution of property, to leave the parents pension field, the brothers take turns to cultivate. After the death of their parents, the old-age field is turned into a grave field for sweeping the graves during the Ching Ming Festival. So that future generations will always remember the elders of the wisdom and nurturing grace.