What are the key points of technological progress and development in China's construction industry?

The following is the technical progress and development focus of China construction industry brought by Zhong Da Consulting for your reference.

In recent 10 years, China's construction technology has made great progress and development, and gradually improved the level of modern management and computer application. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, we should focus on the development of underground engineering and deep foundation construction technology, the application technology of super-high-rise steel structure, reinforced concrete structure and concrete-filled steel tube structure, prestressed concrete and special concrete, light steel long-span spatial structure, membrane structure and building energy-saving technology, and develop the detection, reinforcement, rectification and transformation technology of existing buildings.

1 The Eighth Five-Year Plan period in China was the second construction climax since the reform and opening up. During this period, the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 6163.7 billion yuan, of which the total construction and installation projects were 3,926.3 billion yuan, accounting for 63.7% of the total fixed assets. 240,000 construction projects were completed, including 845 large and medium-sized projects and 4.5 billion hours of new housing in urban and rural areas.

High-rise buildings and large-scale public works in cities have sprung up like mushrooms after rain. Their large number, large scale, complex appearance and novel design and construction indicate that China's building technology level and construction capacity have reached a new level. When it is greater than 1. All kinds of high-rise buildings have been built in China, and high-rise buildings have accounted for 20% of the annual completed construction area of state-owned enterprises. For example, the Beijing West Railway Station project completed in Beijing has a construction area of 700,000 tons, including 500,000 cores for the main station building, lookm for track laying and subway embedding, with a total investment of 6.3 billion yuan and a construction period of only 36 months. Some structures of this project are made of stiff steel bars and C-shaped steel concrete, and the main station door is made of prestressed steel roof truss with a span of 45m, which is installed in place by integral lifting method, so the construction is extremely difficult. Shanghai Yangpu Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge with two towers and two cable planes, with a span of 200 mm, creating the largest span cable-stayed bridge in the world. The main tower of the bridge is 220m high, and the construction verticality deviation is only l/lslx. There are 6,543,800 refined high-strength bolts in the whole bridge, all of which are qualified at one time; In the natural state, the bridge deck is only closed by Mao and N, and the total height of Shanghai Oriental Pearl TV Tower is sm, ranking first in Asia and third in the world. During the construction, the 300-meter vertical prestressed tensioning technology was adopted, and the pumping height of high-strength concrete reached 350 meters at one time, and 380 tons of antenna mast was installed in place at high altitude, creating a new record for construction and installation. Shenzhen Wang Di Building is an 80-story steel and reinforced concrete super high-rise building with a height of 384 meters and a total construction area of 267,000. Semi-top-down construction method was adopted for the third floor underground, and the whole climbing formwork construction was adopted for the upper reinforced concrete structure with large-tonnage long-stroke jack, with an average time of 2.75d per standard floor, which once again set a new record for high-speed construction.

The above-mentioned projects are not only large in scale and complex in technology, but also extremely difficult to construct. Because many new technologies have been adopted in the construction, some of them have reached or approached the contemporary international advanced level, these projects can be completed with good quality and quantity according to the scheduled construction period, which also reflects the overall level of construction technology in China at present.

2 A brief review of China's architectural technology

2. 1 Foundation construction technology is close to the international advanced level.

The cost and duration of general foundation account for 20%-30% of the whole building. On the basis of studying the rational utilization of natural foundation, China has mastered a set of soft soil foundation reinforcement technology. At present, the maximum buried depth of foundation in China has reached 26.8 meters, and pile foundation is still the main way to support high-rise and heavy-duty structures. Underground engineering and deep foundation pit support technology have also developed rapidly.

2. 1. 1 foundation reinforcement technology. According to the local soil quality, reinforcement materials and technological conditions, various composite foundation reinforcement technologies with China characteristics have been developed, such as lime, fly ash, gravel piles, muck rammed piles, cement gravel piles and cement mixing piles. Dynamic compaction, drainage consolidation and preloading are still good methods to improve the bearing capacity of foundation in a large area, such as mountain filling, reclamation and beach reclamation. The tamping energy of dynamic compaction method can reach12kn m, and it can be used as replacement material, such as block stone and steel slag, and is widely used in reclamation or treatment of soft soil stratum.

2. 1.2 pile foundation is still the most widely used foundation form at present. The bearing capacity of cast-in-place pile is large, the construction has little impact on the environment, and the application ratio is increasing day by day. The maximum pile diameter has exceeded 3m, the pile length can reach 1 m, and the bearing capacity can reach more than 10 X)kN. Prestressed pipe piles partially replaced precast concrete square piles. Except for a few long pile foundation construction equipment, sleeve wall protection is used, and most of them are mud wall protection and underwater concrete pouring. In order to overcome the defects of virtual soil and necking at the bottom of pile, the post-grouting technology at the bottom of pile and ultrasonic detection technology are popularized, and a set of construction technology of super-long cast-in-place pile with China characteristics is formed. In order to test the bearing capacity of pile foundation, dynamic testing technology has developed rapidly. Combined with computer application, the dynamic testing technology of pile foundation has basically matured.

2. 1.3 underground engineering and deep foundation pit support technology have developed rapidly. China's underground engineering started late, mainly used in tunnels, civil air defense and other projects. With the development of urban construction, it has been widely used in subway, underground garage, warehouse and other projects. Cut and cover method, underground excavation method, cover excavation method, shield method, immersed tube method and freezing method are adopted in underground engineering construction. Both the Xidan subway station and the turn-back line in Beijing are constructed by shallow excavation method, which realizes the construction work in busy areas without interrupting the ground traffic. In the construction of Chang 'an Avenue underpass, Beijing successfully created the "ultra-shallow buried excavation method with flat roof and straight wall". Under the condition that the overburden is only 1m thick and the ground traffic is not interrupted, the pipe shed advanced support and shed shotcrete technology are adopted for construction. Cover-excavation method is to drill a cast-in-place pile or underground continuous wall in the depth of stratum, and then a floor cover plate. Under the protection of supporting structure and retaining wall, earthwork excavation is carried out from top to bottom. It has been widely used in subway stations and underground structures in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. 18。 SKM Tunnel and N stations of Shanghai Metro 1 Line are built in soft soil stratum with high rheology and high compression. Multi-anchor diaphragm wall is mostly used for slope support of station deep foundation pit, and earth pressure balance shield is used for tunnel jacking construction.

The top-down method and semi-top-down method are used in deep foundation pit construction. Because of the high cost, they are only used in special circumstances, and most of them need temporary support during deep foundation pit excavation, which has become a hot and difficult point in current construction, and there are many experiences and lessons in various places. The design of foundation pit should not only consider the influence of earth pressure on pit wall, dewatering and waterproof technology and environment during excavation, but also calculate the strength and stability of retaining structure. When the depth of foundation pit is less than 7m, cantilever retaining wall with cast-in-place piles is generally adopted. When the depth of foundation pit exceeds 7m, composite retaining structure should be adopted. If the depth of the foundation pit is further increased, the above method will be difficult to work, and single-fulcrum or multi-fulcrum anchor structure should be set up. In the construction of basement foundation pit with a depth of 2-3 floors in coastal areas, many ring beam retaining walls (or central island supports) are used as deep foundation pit support. Single-fulcrum or multi-fulcrum anchor underground continuous wall support method is still an important method in deeper and more complicated foundation construction.

Soil nailing wall is a newly developed shallow foundation pit supporting method in China, which has been widely used in Guangdong, Beijing and other places. Soil nails are generally set by drilling, inserting steel bars and grouting, or they can be directly inserted steel bars to form soil nails. The soil nailing rod body is usually made of threaded steel bars or steel pipes, and the diameter of the hole is about 100n Zn. The panel is plastered with sprayed concrete or cement mortar with a thickness of 50. It is suitable for miscellaneous fill, ordinary cohesive soil and loose sandy soil layer above groundwater level or after precipitation, sandy soil with n value above 5 and cohesive soil with n value above 3. Soil nailing is popular because of its simple technology, convenient operation, short construction period and 30% lower cost than other methods.

2.2 The development of concrete technology is accelerating. In China, concrete is still the most important engineering structural material. The technical progress of concrete is mainly manifested in the improvement of material properties, average strength grade and industrialization degree.

2.2. 1 Concrete for engineering structures should not only have sufficient age strength, but also have different requirements for its early strength, retarding property, frost resistance, impermeability, volume change and pumping performance. Prestressed concrete requires high strength, small shrinkage and creep, and mass concrete for foundation should have the characteristics of low calorific value and good pumpability. Due to the progress of cement concrete and high-performance admixture technology, concrete with specific properties can be designed and prepared according to the needs of engineering use and construction to meet the requirements of super high-rise, long-span, large volume and various special properties.

2.2.2 The average strength of concrete has been steadily improved. The average strength grade of concrete structures in China has reached C25, and concrete above Cso has been widely used. C50 and C-printed high-strength concrete have been widely used in some high-rise buildings and bridge engineering. C80 concrete has been used in prestressed pipe pile members. Due to the improvement of concrete strength grade, the cross section and self-weight of the structure decrease, and the compactness and durability also increase accordingly.

2.2.3 1995, 6 16 ready-mixed concrete mixing stations have been built in so cities nationwide, with a design capacity of 6 million tons. The actual output was 20,000 hours, and 1996 increased again. Among them, the output of ready-mixed concrete in Shanghai, Dalian, Changzhou and other cities has accounted for more than% of the total cast-in-place concrete, close to the level of industrialized countries. The mixing station adopts mechanical feeding and computer control management, and additives and admixtures are widely used. Mixing trucks are used for transportation, and most mannequins are transported by pumps (fixed pumps or pump trucks) on site. At present, the maximum pumping height of concrete has reached 368 meters, and the continuous pouring volume of mass concrete for foundation has reached 24 meters. Roller compacted concrete has been used in dams and highway engineering in China.

2.2.4 In order to improve the quality of concrete engineering and reduce the engineering cost, all localities attach importance to the research and development of cast-in-place formwork, and require enterprises to do a good job in template cloth design. New improvements and improvements have been made in formwork support techniques such as large formwork, climbing formwork, sliding formwork, ladder formwork and barrel formwork. In order to speed up the turnover of formwork, quick release demoulding system has been widely used in floor formwork, and some have also popularized the construction of small flow section. Composite steel formwork has been partially replaced by medium-sized block steel frame bamboo (wood) plywood formwork. Steel-framed bamboo (wood) plywood formwork has the advantages of large area, light weight and smooth surface, which can improve the quality of concrete engineering and operation efficiency, and its usage is increasing year by year, accounting for 10% of the total formwork. Plastic or FRP formwork has been widely used in the formwork of multi-ribbed floor and curved members. Bowl-buckle and portal supports are increasingly used for formwork supports and work scaffolding.

2.3 The application of thick steel bar connection and efficient prestress technology is expanding day by day.

2.3. 1 In recent years, the thick steel bar connection technology has made a new breakthrough and has been widely used in high-rise, large-scale and public projects. Electroslag pressure welding of vertical steel bars began in 1980s, and now it has become the main method to connect thick steel bars. Narrow gap arc welding and gas pressure welding of horizontal steel bars are also reliable methods to connect thick steel bars. Sleeve extrusion connection and taper thread connection are both mechanical connections and are widely used. Mechanical connection has the characteristics of stable joint strength, simple operation and fast construction speed, and is not affected by the chemical composition, weldability or climate of steel bars. At present, welding and mechanical connection have accounted for 70% of the total number of reinforced joints.

2.3.2 Cold-rolled ribbed threaded steel bars imported from the mid-so era have been popularized. 550N/mil subgrade is mainly used for cast-in-place concrete floor, replacing grade I steel bar, which can save 30% steel; SooN/n instead of cold-drawn low-carbon steel wire is used in small and medium-sized members of prestressed concrete, which can save steel 15% and greatly improve the structural performance of prestressed concrete. 650N/mll silver base can be used not only for small and medium-sized prestressed concrete members, but also for the reinforcement of cast-in-place non-prestressed concrete slabs, which has been popularized and used one after another. The welded steel mesh made of medium-strength steel wire in the factory has been used in some bridges, roads and ground.

2.3.3 The application of efficient prestressed concrete is expanding day by day. In recent years, high-strength steel wire and stranded wire have developed rapidly, with an annual output of 200,000 t, and special equipment such as prestress technology and anchorage fixture are improving day by day. Prestressed concrete has been widely used in high-rise, long-span and storage tanks. The recently developed unbonded prestressed concrete structure is a promising partially prestressed concrete structure, which has been widely used in building floor structures, and the usage amount has reached 50 (x) thousand hours, such as Zhuhai Airport Terminal 90,000, 12mxlZm column network, and the floor is all made of unbonded prestressed concrete, which not only improves the structural performance of the concrete frame, but also speeds up the construction and reduces the project cost.

2.4 The application of chemical building materials, glass, ceramics and stone makes the decoration shine. Chemical building materials generally refer to building plastic pipes, plastic doors and windows, new waterproof materials, decorative materials, building coatings, additives and adhesives, and are the fourth emerging building materials after steel, wood and cement. Chemical building materials have excellent properties and are widely used in the construction field. The production and application of chemical building materials in China has a history of nearly ten years. For example, PVC water pipes have been used in buildings for more than 200 million years; In some towns in cold areas such as Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, 30% of new houses use plastic windows. Buildings using plastic wires and conduits have accumulated more than 1 100 million hours; Architectural coatings and chemical adhesives are not only various, but also widely used in buildings. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blocks, coiled floor and chemical fiber carpets are not only widely used in public buildings, but also have become indispensable decorative materials in family rooms.

Decorative concrete, paint, ceramics, stone, wallpaper, wall coating, glass and metal facing are widely used. Ceramic decoration has become the main body of exterior wall decoration and an important material for family decoration. Various colored glazed tiles, ceramic mosaic tiles and advanced floor tiles are favored. Due to the development and application of adhesives, the bonding technology and engineering quality have been obviously improved. In large public buildings, natural stones such as marble and granite are used as decorative materials. The hanging technology in construction, such as resin bonding technology of thin stone and flexible connection technology of dry hanging stone, has significantly improved the construction technology and quality. The decoration of glass and metal products has unique functions and environmental protection effects, and has become a fashionable decorative material.

2.5 New technologies and materials for waterproof engineering are constantly emerging, and the quality of waterproof engineering is constantly improving. The development of polymer materials and their application in waterproof engineering push the building waterproof technology to a new height. There are more than 80 kinds of building waterproof materials, which can be divided into four categories: asphalt waterproof coiled material, polymer sheet, waterproof coating and cementing sealing material. Asphalt felt accounts for so% of all waterproof materials, with an annual output of 800 million. The quality of modified oxidized asphalt linoleum produced by major waterproof material manufacturers is relatively stable. In addition to paper tires, there are glass fiber tires, glass cloth tires, chemical fiber tires, non-woven polyester fibers and so on. At the same time, 22 new waterproof material production lines were introduced to produce modified asphalt linoleum such as SBS and App, with an annual production capacity of 6,543.8 billion hours. When the annual production capacity of polymer sheets is more than 200,000 sheets, the main products are PVC sheets, chlorinated polyethylene sheets, EPDM, chlorosulfonated polyethylene and so on. At present, in addition to the use of paper tire linoleum, the area using new waterproof materials has accounted for 20% of the total waterproof area of buildings in China.

According to the characteristics of new waterproof materials, China has also developed some new processes, technologies and equipment, and some of them have formed construction methods. Such as hot melting method, cold sticking method, high-frequency hot welding method, and new construction methods such as loose laying, point sticking, strip sticking and mechanical fixing. Rigid waterproofing, which used to be used only on a few roofs in the south, has been further improved due to the improvement of its materials and technology. Shrinkage-compensating concrete prepared with 8%- 12%UEA micro-expansive agent can be used not only for rigid roof waterproofing, but also for basement waterproofing. Fiber reinforced concrete made of steel fiber, nylon fiber and glass fiber also has good waterproof performance. Polymer concrete and polymer mortar made by mixing polymer into concrete or mortar can be used for waterproofing and waterproofing. The newly developed inverted roof is being further expanded. New development has also been made in coating waterproof and waterproof plugging technology and equipment. The application of new materials, new technologies and new processes has further improved the quality of waterproof projects in China. 2.6 Mastered a number of "high, large, sophisticated, sophisticated and new" equipment installation and debugging technologies.

China mainly relied on its own strength to complete the installation of 600,000 kW generator set, the transformation of 450,000 tons of ethylene plant, the welding of 4350 blast furnace shell, the installation of 300 tons of oxygen top-blown converter, the installation of 2030 cold-rolled steel plate tandem mill, satellite launch and the construction of large nuclear power plants. At the same time, in the process of construction and installation, we have mastered the technologies of hoisting super-large equipment, installation and debugging of ultra-high pressure large compressor unit, flux-cored wire self-shielded welding, fabrication, installation and heat treatment of 10 spherical tank, long-distance pipeline laying and expansion connection. Some technologies have reached or approached the international advanced level. Recently, the computer-controlled cluster jack synchronous lifting technology successfully lifted and installed the antenna of Shanghai Oriental Pearl TV Tower with a length of120m and a weight of 380t on the tower foundation with a height of 350m ... Similar integral lifting technology was also adopted: prestressed steel analysis frame with a span of 45m in the ticket checking building of Beijing West Railway Station, steel grid roof of Boeing 747 maintenance workshop with a span of 150m, and Shanghai with a weight of 5× t. 2.7 Reform the enterprise management system and gradually improve the level of modern management and computer application. In engineering construction, some enterprises use modern management techniques such as systems engineering, network planning and target management to prepare construction organization design and make overall arrangements for construction technical schemes and progress. Total quality management is generally carried out in the construction, and the standard GB/T 19 Instrument x)- JO 09 Quality Management and Quality Assurance of Guangdong Instrument is implemented, and a scientific, standardized and effective modern enterprise management and quality assurance system is established, so that the project quality is in a fully controlled state, adapting to international quality management practices and the objective needs of the market, and enhancing the competitive strength of enterprises.

In terms of construction technology policy, the management modernization and computer application of enterprises should be guided by classification, and promoted at different levels according to the nature, qualification level and actual management level of enterprises. First-class construction enterprises generally apply modern management technology and computer software in project bidding, budget, construction organization design, project management and daily management of enterprises to realize microcomputer networking and comprehensively manage enterprises or projects by using system integration management software. Secondary and below construction enterprises should make use of the existing software achievements to carry out special application management for more than 50% of engineering construction projects, and enterprises with conditions should realize microcomputer networking. Enterprises should vigorously develop computer application software for engineering projects, and gradually realize general software such as bidding quotation, construction budget and management, planning and statistics, labor management, engineering quality management, steel bar sampling and optimal blanking, template distribution optimization design, information resource documents and data management.

With the rapid development of the national economy, China's construction technology has indeed made great progress, and some individual construction technologies have reached or approached the international advanced level. However, compared with developed countries, there is still a considerable gap in the overall level of construction technology, the level of technical equipment, the quality of raw materials, the technical quality of workers and the ability of organization and management. Long construction period, poor engineering quality and low labor productivity have long plagued the development of the construction industry. Especially in recent years, due to various reasons, the understanding that "science and technology are the primary productive forces" has not been really implemented, the technical strength of enterprises is weakening, and a large number of engineers and technicians are losing; Extensive management, project quality and management quality are difficult to improve for a while; There are a lot of traditional manual methods in architecture, and the degree of industrialization will not change much in the near future. China's achievements in architectural technology were achieved with high investment under the impetus of construction tasks, that is, he paid high tuition fees in exchange for a little experience. Therefore, only by taking the road of deepening reform, adjusting policies with the leverage of interest mechanism and solving deep-seated problems between society and enterprises can the development of enterprises or industries really turn to a benign track of relying on technological progress. 3 the development status and prospect of building technology

According to the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the long-term goal of 20 10, China's gross national product will increase by 8%-9% every year. The national economy has a strong demand for the construction industry, which will grow at a rate of 2%-3% higher than that of the whole national economy, and the construction industry still faces broad development prospects. Facing the huge construction task, construction enterprises must grasp the direction of technical development, identify the hot and difficult points in engineering technology, select the key points, and organize scientific research to tackle key problems, so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort. In the next few years, China's key projects and large-scale projects will still occupy a considerable proportion. In urban construction, high-rise, super-high-rise and large-scale public facilities with large scale and complex technology will still be built, and the utilization of underground space will be more urgent. Large-scale infrastructure and industrial construction projects are not only large in scale, but also advanced in technology. The number of general industrial and civil construction projects is considerable. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, more than 654.38 billion new houses were built in cities and towns alone.

3. 1 Key points of building construction technology development

(l) Develop underground engineering and deep foundation pit construction, especially deep foundation pit slope support and information construction, and at the same time develop special foundation (including soft soil foundation) reinforcement technology.

(2) Summarize the construction experience of high-rise buildings and develop complete sets of construction technologies. Attention should be paid to the application technology of super high-rise steel structure, rigid reinforced concrete structure and concrete filled steel tube structure.

(3) Pay attention to the research, development and application of high-performance admixture and high-performance concrete. Develop prestressed concrete and special concrete.

(4) Develop light steel structure and expand its application in industrial workshops, warehouses and some public buildings. Develop long-span spatial steel structures and membrane structures.

(5) Improve and improve the functional quality of multi-storey buildings, and develop small concrete block buildings and frame light wall building systems.

(6) Developing building energy-saving products and building energy-saving technologies.

(7) Development of existing building detection, reinforcement, rectification and transformation technology.

(8) Improve the application of chemical building materials in buildings.

(9) Develop intelligent buildings and study and solve problems in construction, installation and debugging.

(10) Develop integral lifting technology of mast crane and computer-controlled synchronous lifting technology of cluster jack.

(1 1) Metal welding and detection technology.

(12) Modern management and computer application technology of construction enterprises.

3.2 Policy measures to be taken

3.2. 1 Strengthen the awareness of science and technology and firmly establish the viewpoint that science and technology are the primary productive forces. Construction administrative departments and business leaders should establish the viewpoint that science and technology are the primary productive forces and implement the policy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. It is necessary to strengthen leadership over scientific and technological work and cultivate a good atmosphere of respecting knowledge and talents. Effectively mobilized the enthusiasm of the majority of scientific and technological personnel and workers to develop and apply new technologies, and effectively promoted the technological progress of enterprises. It is necessary to advocate exchanging science and technology for economic investment in economic development, so that industries and enterprises can gradually embark on the road of improving engineering quality, improving economic benefits and revitalizing the quality of enterprises' industries by relying on technological progress.

3.2.2 Strengthen the management of science and technology, and establish and improve the new mechanism of science and technology management.

Carry out the "Regulations on the Responsibilities of Chief Engineer in Construction Enterprises" jointly promulgated by the Ministry of Construction and the State Science and Technology Commission 1992, establish the post responsibilities of the chief engineer, establish the core position of the chief engineer in the technical command of the enterprise, and give full play to its role in strengthening the technical management, quality management and supervision of the enterprise. It is necessary to guide construction enterprises to establish a modern enterprise technical management system and quality assurance system that is compatible with the modern enterprise management system, attach importance to basic management and staff training, run continuing education well, improve the quality of managers and operators, and also attach importance to technology development and technology accumulation, and establish a unique construction method and process management system for this enterprise. Adopting new construction technologies, new processes, new materials and new equipment, grasping the pilot project of new technology engineering application and the demonstration project of comprehensive application of various new technologies, we can also build a leading scientific and technological enterprise or a scientific and technological benefit project.

3.2.3 Intensify the popularization and application of new technologies to improve the overall level of building science and technology. In order to quickly transform scientific and technological achievements into productive forces and enhance the vitality of enterprises, we must attach importance to the promotion of new technologies, new processes, new materials and new machines. At present, we should continue to do a good job in the promotion and application of new ro technology in the construction industry. On this basis, each unit can also increase the content of new technology promotion and increase the intensity of technology promotion according to its own situation. In order to implement the technology promotion work, it is necessary to do a good job in a number of new technology demonstration projects in stages and at different levels, and give play to their typical demonstration, leading and radiating functions.

Enterprises should truly realize that technological progress is the need of their own development, enhance the consciousness and urgency of accelerating technological progress, continuously improve the technical quality of enterprises, and make enterprises the main body of technology development, application and promotion.

3.2.4 Strengthen the technological transformation of enterprises, and cultivate and develop the machinery and equipment leasing and dispensing market. At present, the technical equipment level of construction enterprises is low, the proportion of old machinery is heavy, and the performance and safety are poor, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of the development of construction industry, let alone realize the industrialization of construction. To this end, we must seize all favorable opportunities and use various capital channels to accelerate the upgrading of machinery and equipment. Gradually phase out the old machines with poor performance, high energy consumption and poor safety, which account for about13 of the total, and actively develop hand-held power tools. Mechanical equipment should be matched according to specialty or type of work, and gradually develop towards specialization. It is necessary to adjust the equipment structure of enterprises, gradually reduce the proportion of self-owned machinery, and develop socialized leasing. Timely organize the transportation of temporarily unused mechanical equipment, so that limited equipment resources can be rationally allocated. In building construction, heavy manual labor, dangerous operations, processes and types of work that are difficult to ensure project quality and construction safety without using machinery should be mechanized and automated.

3.2.5 Improve the level of building industrialization.

Building industrialization is a comprehensive concept of production mode in the construction industry, and its connotation is to require the construction industry to get rid of the traditional manual production mode and gradually transition to socialized mass production. Through the transformation of the production mode of the construction industry, the labor productivity is greatly improved, the construction speed is accelerated, and the economic and social benefits are improved. Building industrialization should be guided by science and technology, adopt advanced and applicable technologies, processes and equipment, organize construction scientifically and reasonably, develop specialization, improve the level of construction mechanization, and reduce heavy and complicated manual labor and wet work; Develop the production of building components, products and equipment, form a moderate scale operation, and provide a series of building components and products suitable for all kinds of buildings for the construction market; Constantly improve the level of building standardization, adopt modern management science and means, optimize resource allocation, implement scientific organization and management, and cultivate and develop technology market and information management system. Establish the foundation of housing industry, improve the overall technical level and equipment level of construction enterprises, and cultivate the development of professional enterprises and related industries.

By adopting the above policies and measures, I believe that after several years of efforts, a large-scale production pattern with complete professional categories, excellent technology and equipment, optimized organizational structure and smooth supply channels will be established in some economically developed cities or regions, and a powerful construction industry will be presented to the world.

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