Characteristics of China Folk Houses

The characteristics of folk houses mainly refer to the characteristics that reflect the most essential and representative things in ethnic areas in historical practice, especially those closely related to the lives, production methods, customs and aesthetic concepts of people of all ethnic groups. Ethnic experience mainly refers to the experience of how to meet the needs of life and production and fight against the natural environment under the social conditions at that time, such as the experience of combining terrain, adapting to the climate, using local materials and adapting to the environment. , which is commonly referred to as adapting to local conditions and adapting to material experience.

Houses are distributed all over the country. Due to the differences in national historical traditions, living customs, humanistic conditions and aesthetic concepts, as well as the differences in natural conditions and geographical environment, the plane layout, structural methods, modeling and detailed features of residential buildings are also different, which are simple and natural, but also have their own characteristics. Especially in folk houses, people of all ethnic groups often reflect their wishes, beliefs, aesthetic concepts, and their most desired and favorite things into the decoration, patterns, colors and styles of folk houses through realistic or symbolic means. Such as cranes, deer, bats, magpies, plums, bamboos, lilies, Ganoderma lucidum, Wan Ziwen, Han palindromes, Yunnan Bai lotus, Dai elephant, peacock and betel nut. In this way, the folk houses of all ethnic groups in various regions present rich and colorful national characteristics. Houses in the south of China are compact in structure, mostly multi-storey, and their typical houses are halls with rectangular patios as the center. This kind of folk house is square, simple in structure and widely distributed in southern provinces.

Hakka people in southern Fujian, northern Guangdong and northern Guangxi often live in large-scale group houses, which are round and square in plan and consist of a single-storey building in the center and four or five-storey buildings around. This kind of building is very defensive, represented by Hakka tulou in Yongding County, Fujian Province. Among the traditional houses in China, the Hakka earth building in Yongding is unique. There are more than 8,000 earth buildings such as square, round, octagonal and oval, which are large in scale, beautiful in shape, scientific and practical, and have their own characteristics, forming a wonderful living world.

Fujian Tulou uses local raw soil, gravel and sawdust to build single houses, and then connect them into big houses, and then build thick and closed "defensive" castle-style building houses-Tulou. Tulou has firmness, safety, closeness and strong clan characteristics. There are wells and granaries in the building. In case of war and bandits, once the city gate is closed, it will die. If besieged, food and water will last for months. Coupled with the characteristics of warm winter and cool summer, earthquake-resistant and wind-resistant, Tulou has become the residence of Hakka people for generations. China has a vast territory and many nationalities, and the forms, structures, decorative arts and colors of local houses have their own characteristics. This paper mainly introduces the distinctive caves in the north and the folk houses in the ancient city.

There are many caves in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River in northern China. In Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Shanxi and other loess areas, local residents dig horizontal holes in natural earth walls, often connecting several holes, adding bricks and stones in the holes to build caves. Cave dwellings are fire-proof, noise-proof, warm in winter and cool in summer, land-saving, economical and labor-saving, and organically combine nature and life scenes. It is a perfect architectural form adapted to local conditions, which permeates people's love and attachment to the yellow land. In addition, there are well-preserved ancient cities in China, where there are a large number of ancient houses. Among them, Pingyao Ancient City in Shanxi and Old Town of Lijiang in Yunnan were both listed on the World Heritage List at 1998.

Pingyao Ancient City is the most complete existing ancient county town in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it is a typical representative of the ancient county town of Han nationality in Central Plains of China. So far, the city walls, streets, houses, shops, temples and other buildings are still basically intact, and its architectural pattern and characteristics remain basically unchanged. Pingyao is a living specimen of China's political, economic, cultural, military, architectural and artistic development.

Old Town of Lijiang, which was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty, is the only town that combines Naxi traditional architecture with foreign architectural features. Old Town of Lijiang is not affected by the architectural etiquette of the Central Plains, and the road network in the city is irregular and there is no strict wall. Black Dragon Pool is the main water source of the ancient city. The pool water flows into the walls and around the residents, forming a water network. Rivers, canals and weeping willows can be seen everywhere in the ancient city. Bashu culture is extensive and profound, and the ancient dwellings in Sichuan and Chongqing have both romantic and unrestrained artistic style and rich imagination. The buildings near the mountains and rivers are closely related to the local ethnic customs, and have a very unique cultural atmosphere, which is both heroic and elegant. For example:

Sichuan Folk Houses Lizhuang Ancient Town Sichuan Shangli Ancient Town Sichuan Luocheng Ancient Town Sichuan Huanglongxi Ancient Town Sichuan Zhaohua Ancient Town Sichuan Luodai Ancient Town Sichuan Yaoba Ancient Town Sichuan Luoquan Ancient Town Sichuan Langzhong Ancient Town Sichuan Moxi Ancient Town Sichuan Qiangzhai Sichuan Xiaoxi Ancient Town Sichuan Hongya Gaomiao Ancient Town Kangba Tibetan Residence Sichuan Yongjiang Ancient Town Chongqing Gongtan Ancient Town Lingnan Ancient Villagers' Residence has distinct local characteristics and personality characteristics, and contains rich cultural connotations. Besides paying attention to its practical function, we should pay more attention to its own spatial form, artistic style, national tradition and its coordination with the surrounding environment. For example:

Guangxi Huangyao Ancient Town Guangxi Guilin Dawei Ancient Town Guangxi Nanning Yangmei Ancient Town Guangdong Shunde Fengjian Ancient Village