Saint Amethyst said: "As a scholar, you must have a beginning;" At the end of primary school, go to four books. " What did the ancients learn in this "primary school" What textbooks are there?

Books and figures are called "small art", which are daily needs of people's livelihood and compulsory courses in primary schools. To learn, we must have a good start and lay a solid foundation. According to China's ancient ceremony, that is, the ceremony of the Duke of Zhou, children go to primary school at the age of six and begin to learn the norms of life. At the age of eight, I began to learn Chinese characters, which means learning six books; At the age of eighteen, I tied my hair and entered the university after being crowned. So, "Big Wear Li Ji"? Fu Bao said: "The ancients left home at the age of eight to learn small arts and do small jobs." Going to college with a bunch of hair, you can learn a skill and do a lot. "The six arts of' ritual shooting and imperial book counting' are small arts; The Six Classics of The Book of Changes, Spring and Autumn Rites are great arts. The primary stage of traditional education is to learn to be a man, learn how to live, and then impart knowledge and learn six arts; Finally, the Six Classics is the way of university, and it is the route of our traditional education in China.

The main content of life-oriented education is Ziyou in The Analects. Don't underestimate the words "sweeping, coping, advancing and retreating" mentioned in Sub-chapter. It is not only a kind of life education, but also a kind of character education, which is a consistent tradition of cultural education in China. The life education we advocate today is mostly skill training combined with occupation and earning money, which is different from the traditional life education. Children are spoiled, especially rich children, who have servants at home and can't sweep the court by themselves. Modern people can't often sweep the floor and clean the table. The broom swung wildly, making it dusty, and a dirty cloth became dirtier and dirtier. If they can't even sweep the stadium, how can they face life in the future?

The response is more problematic. There are often such children. You ask him: What's your name? He replied: I am a certain name. Where is your home? He would say: somewhere in my home. I don't know the etiquette of dealing with it. As for the advance and retreat, it is even more difficult, whether one thing should be done or not. These are all questions asked by universities and should be taught when they are young. If you see how to greet your elders, visit relatives and friends, or sit at the station, you should be taught where to stand and where to sit. Now these are all gone. Children don't say a word when they meet their elders. They go to guests' homes to pull drawers and open cabinets, and there are no rules. This shows that our primary education is very problematic.

Traditional primary schools should teach Chinese characters, in addition to the above-mentioned exegesis and sentence reading, but also learn the structure and origin of Chinese characters, that is, "pictograph, reference, understanding, phonology, annotation and borrowing" and the study of six books. Lay a good foundation for children in form, sound and meaning. In this respect, Shi Shuan was used in the Zhou Dynasty, Cang Xie was used in the Qin and Han Dynasties, then JiZhang was published, and Zhou Xingsi's Qian was used after the Six Dynasties.

In addition, in the primary school stage, we have to accept the six arts education of "shooting music with courtesy and controlling the number of books", which is what we call the all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique today. Ceremony is the normal state of life, music is art, shooting is archery, which is equivalent to today's fitness and driving is equivalent to today's military training; Books are words and calligraphy, and numbers are mathematics, which is equivalent to today's natural science. It can be seen that the content of traditional primary education is definitely no less than today, and it may be more comprehensive. Unfortunately, the traditional education of ancient six arts has disappeared today, and there is still a vague shadow in Japan. The Japanese transformed it into "eight paths", namely, tea ceremony, artistic path, flower path, book path, kendo path, chess path, judo path and karate path, which were preserved as eight cultural traditions.

During primary school, students have spare time to read "Four Books", but teachers generally don't give lectures. When does the lecture start? According to the degree and needs of students, the specific situation should be analyzed. Generally, it is not until the university stage that the teacher will explain the truth in the four books in detail.