How to make shadow?

Question 1: China's shadow theater shadow production steps The first step Selection of skin

The raw materials for shadow vary from place to place. For example, the production of Longdong shadow generally use young, hair color black bull skin, this cowhide thick and thin moderate, firm and flexible, green in the transparent.

The second step is to make the skin

There are many ways to make the skin, for example, in Shaanxi shadow, there are usually two ways to make its raw material - cowhide: net skin and gray skin. Net skin production process is the first selected cowhide in clean cool water soaked for two or three days, take out the knife to scrape the system four times, each scraping with a soak in water until the fourth fine work, scraping the skin thin bubble bright until. Scrape well after supporting the drying on a wooden frame, drying to the net bright and transparent when you can make the shadow of the skin. Gray skin, also known as soft scraping, soak the skin when the calcium oxide (lime), sodium sulfide (smelly soda ash), sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate and other pharmaceutical formulas into the water, the cowhide repeatedly soaked and scraped. This method of scraping out of the leather, similar to glass, more suitable for carving.

Step 3 Drawing

There is a special drawing for shadow making, called the sample sheet, and these designs are passed down from generation to generation.

The fourth step over the draft

Carving artists will scrape the skin into pieces, with a damp cloth damp soft, and then with a special push plate, a little oil juice by pushing the moxa, so that the cowhide is more smooth, and can lift the contraction of the cortex, and then only to depict the pattern. The reasonable use of finished leather before drawing is also a delicate work. Thin and translucent finished skin, to be used for the head, chest, abdomen, these important parts; thicker and darker finished skin, can be used for legs and other general props. This not only saves raw materials, but also improves the quality of the shadow, and at the same time makes the shadow figure light and heavy, in the picking sign performance and static leaning on the station when the stability, hand. The next step is to trace the pattern, with a steel needle to the outline of the parts and design patterns were copied, depicted in the skin, which is called over the draft, and then put the skin on the jujube wood or pear wood board for carving.

Step 5 Inscribing

The carving knives are generally eleven, two or even thirty or more. The knives are of different widths, beveled (sharp), flat, round, triangular and fancy, etc. The division of labor is very delicate and the artist needs to be skilled in the different ways of using the various knives. According to traditional experience, a flat knife should be used to tie up a line pattern; a flat knife should be used to push a straight line pattern; a chisel knife should be used to chisel the round pattern on the sleeve head and jacket edge of a traditional costume; and a beveled knife should be used to carve some twisted and varied pattern patterns. The artist's motto for carving is as follows: Cherry blossoms with a flat knife, ten-thousand characters with a flat knife, chiseling on the edge of the sleeve and jacket, and carving flowers with a sharp knife. The carving line is divided into real and imaginary, and there are also dark lines and painted lines. Dummy line for the yin carving, that is, hollowing out the shape of the line and become, shadow more for this line method. Solid line to retain the shape of the contour to dig out the rest, for the yang carving, mostly used for raw Dan, beard ugly white face, where the white objects are carved with the yang method. Solid line along the sides of the outline of the intermittent hollow line, mostly used in the scene of the building carving. The dark line is scratched with a knife without penetrating the skin, mostly in the active joints. Drawing line is to replace the pen to express the detailed object. Shadow carving has a recipe passed down, the procedure is as follows: carve the human face - first carve the head cap and then carve the face, the eyes and eyebrows carve and then carve the tip of the nose. Carve the pattern of clothing - d word first to the four sides of the drawing, the four sides of the stubble to turn and tie. The snowflake is drawn vertically first, and then the left and right sides are crossed. The six lattices throw out the teeth and pick out the snowflakes. Carved armor - yellow leaning armor, the first eye to play, pick up the fork, herringbone triangle tie. Engraving architectural decoration - hollow peach fall plum, snow bamboo plum hexagonal turtle, a full are in the water character grid.

Sixth step coloring

After the shadow carving is coloring. Older artists are very careful with the color. Most of them use their own copper, silver Zhu, Plain and other mineral plants concocted red, green, apricot yellow and other colors coloring. The methods of coloring also vary. Take Shaanxi shadow puppets as an example, the method of applying color is to first make the pure color into a slightly larger wine cup, put in a few pieces of transparent leather glue boiled with fine leather, and then put the cup on a special lamp stand, and light the alcohol lamp underneath, so as to make the glue and the color mingling to become porridge, and then apply it on the shadow while it is still hot. Although there are not many kinds of colors, but the old artists are good at color matching, coupled with changes in the intensity of the dots, so that the color effect is exceptionally brilliant.

Seventh step, sweating and ironing

After laying the color, the shadow should be dehydrated and sweating, which is a key process. Its purpose is to make the dressing color through the appropriate high temperature eat into the cowhide, and make the water retained in the skin to evaporate. Dehydration sweating method is many, some with a thin wooden board clamped shadow parts, pressed under the mat in the hot bed; also some with a flat cloth wrapped shadow parts, to ...... >>

Question 2: How do elementary school students do shadow The use of a scratch paper, two pairs of disposable chopsticks plus a few used ballpoint pen refills, Tianjin Hedong District Experimental Primary School, "Craft Manufacturing Society Light and Shadow Studio" children can make Zhu Geliang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and other vivid shadow, this small club Gradually turned into a small shadow play theater.

At the beginning of this semester, the teacher of the club moved the shadow play as the world's intangible cultural heritage into the classroom, and simplified the original complex shadow play, using the simple materials around them, so that the children can design and make their own shadow. The children's self-written shadow play "New Straw Boat Borrowing Arrows" is now in intensive rehearsal, and the novelty of the play will make the students who are about to watch the performance look forward to it.

Question 3: How to make shadow people Shadow production process

First of all, the sheepskin, donkey skin or other animal skins of the hair, blood, and then by the drug treatment, so that the leather thin, translucent, coated with tung oil, and then artists will be a variety of characters depicted in the map on the above, with a variety of types of knives chiseling, and then painted with color, coloring is mainly used in the red, yellow, green, green, black, etc. Five solid colors. Five solid colors.

When carving, generally use Yang carving, sometimes also use Yin carving. Painting and coloring of women's hair and clothing more flowers, grass, clouds, phoenixes and other patterns for the pattern, men use dragons, tigers, water, clouds and other patterns for the pattern. Loyal and good characters are five-minute faces, and negative characters are seven-minute faces. Character modeling and theater characters, the same, raw, Dan, pure, ugly roles complete. Made of shadow as high as 55 centimeters, low about 10 centimeters.

The limbs and head of the shadow person are carved separately, and linked with a line to move freely during the performance. A shadow person, to use five bamboo sticks to manipulate, the artist's nimble fingers, often playing the audience dazzled. Not only the hands of kung fu is excellent, the mouth must also say, read, play, sing, and the foot must brake the gongs and drums. The screen for the shadow play is made of a piece of white gauze 1 square meter in size. The white gauze is polished with fish oil to make it bright and shiny. During the performance, the shadows are close to the screen, and the silhouettes and colorful colors are really touching. Shadow props are small, easy to perform, and not limited by the venue, the actors do not need formal training, so it is loved by the people. In areas where shadow puppetry is prevalent, people will affectionately call it "a pick" art.

The first step in making shadow puppets is to choose the skins

Because shadow puppetry is a folk art, it varies from place to place, and the materials used depend on the local conditions of animal skins. In China, more use of cowhide, sheepskin, donkey skin, pigskin, etc., of which cowhide is currently the most widely used material on the Chinese market. The raw materials for shadow puppets vary from place to place. For example, Longdong shadow production generally use young, hair color black bull skin, this cowhide thick and thin, the quality of firm and flexible, green in transparent.

Shadow production of the second step of the skin

There are two methods of preparation of cowhide: one is the "net skin", the other is "gray skin". Net skin production process is selected in the cowhide, placed in clean cool water soaked for two or three days (according to the temperature, the cowhide and the specific conditions of the water to master), take out and scrape with a knife: the first process first scrape off the cowhair, and then scrape off the skin of the second scrape of the meat residue, and the third time is to scrape the thinning, scrape off the skin. Every scrape with water to soak once, until the fourth exquisite fine work, scrape the skin thin soak bright until. Scraping must pay attention to make the skin uniform thickness, hand strength to be light and steady, so as not to damage the skin. Scrape good support on the wooden frame, shade dry that is.

There are many ways to make leather, for example, in Shaanxi shadow, there are usually two ways to make its raw material - cowhide: "net leather" and "gray leather". The production process of "net skin" is to first soak the selected cowhide in clean cool water for two or three days, take it out and scrape it with a knife four times, soaking it in water once for each scraping until the fourth time when the skin is scraped thinly and soaked until it is bright. After scraping the skin, it is dried on a wooden frame and dried until it is clear and transparent. "Gray skin" is also known as "soft scraping", soak the skin when the calcium oxide (lime), sodium sulfide (smelly soda ash), sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate and other pharmaceutical formulations into the water, the cowhide repeatedly soaked and scraped. This method of scraping out of the leather, similar to glass, more suitable for carving.

The third step in shadow making is to make a drawing

There are special drawings for shadow making, called "sample sheets", and these designs are passed down from generation to generation.

The fourth step in shadow making is to pass the draft

The carving artists will scrape the skin into pieces, with a damp cloth, and then use a special push plate, a little oil juice to push and moisten the cowhide, so that the cowhide is more smooth and smooth, and can lift the contraction of the leather, and then only to depict the pattern. The rational use of finished leather before drawing is also a delicate work. Thin and translucent finished skin, to be used for the head, chest, abdomen, these important parts; thicker and darker finished skin, can be used for legs and other general props. This not only saves raw materials, but also improves the quality of the shadow, but also makes the shadow figure on the light weight, in the picking sign performance and static leaning on the station when the stability, hand. The next step is to trace the pattern, with a steel needle to the outline of the components and design patterns were copied, depicted in the skin, which is called "draft", and then put the skin on the jujube wood or pear wood board for carving.

Step 5 of Shadow Making Inscription

The carving knives are usually eleven, two or even thirty or more. The knives have different widths of beveled knives (sharp knives), flat knives, round knives, triangular knives, flower mouth knives, etc., the division of labor is very delicate, the artist needs to be skilled in the different uses of various knives ...... >>

Question 4: What are the materials used to make the shadow shadow of the raw material is mostly cattle and sheepskin, Yu South like to use cowhide, Yu West commonly used convulsive skin.

The process of its production and performance of shadow play is:

First of all, the skin will be soaked, scraped thin, smoothed,

Then, the artists will be a variety of characters depicted in the above, with a slanting knife, round knife, flat knife, triangular knife, and other types of knives carved and chiseled, and then coated with color.

The carvings are usually done with Yang carving, and some are also done with Yin carving, with meticulous carving and varied knives.

Painting and coloring also have certain instructions, women's hair and clothing more flowers, grass, clouds, phoenixes and other patterns for the pattern, men use more dragons, tigers, water, clouds and other patterns for the pattern.

Generally, the loyal and good characters are five-pointed, and the negative characters are seven-pointed. Character modeling and theater characters, the same, raw, Dan, net, end, ugly role complete. Made of shadow as high as 55 centimeters, low only about 10 centimeters. The limbs and head of the shadow puppets are carved separately. Linked with a line and become, in order to express the freedom of movement.

A shadow, to use five bamboo sticks to manipulate, the artist's fingers are flexible, often playing the audience dazzled. Not only the hands of kung fu is excellent, the mouth should also say, read, play, sing, feet but also brake gongs and drums. The screen for the shadow play is made of a 1-meter-sized piece of white gauze. The white gauze is polished with fish oil to make it bright and shiny. During the performance, the shadows move close to the screen, and the hollowed-out figures and colorful colors are really moving.

Question 5: How are the shadows made? A shadow to carve more than 3,000 knives

The production of a shadow figure needs to go through eight steps, the selection of leather, leather is the first step, is the preparation of materials. After that, you have to go through several processes such as drawing, drafting, skeletonizing, coloring, sweating, ironing, and combining into one.

The general drawing of the draft figures and other patterns are used side image-based. After the draft is carved, general carving, yin and yang and other techniques, so that a seemingly bland cowhide into a work of art. Li Xuelin said, the shadow figure modeling are embodied in the head is big and small, the body is narrow and wide, the arm over the knee characteristics. Styling design, not only men and women are different, and the character identity character is different, then the appearance of different, to achieve a shadow characters often have to carve more than 3,000 knives, to use more than 30 knives.

The pigment used to color the shadow is very delicate, he used the pigment that used to color the photo, this pigment has no powder, high transparency. The coloring should go through the flat coating, baking and dyeing, the color should not be confused, so that the color will be full of color on the transparent leather, and the flattening process is now using an electric iron to iron, and then sprayed with varnish to prevent the color from falling off.

Finally, the joints of the shadow figures should be reserved for moving points, and then punched and threaded, knotted and fixed, and fitted with a manual performance rod. In this way, a complete shadow production is completed.

Question 6: How to make a shadow out of paper 10 points Shadow making: giraffe

Handmade materials: cardboard, scissors, hole punch, glue, double-legged pegs, wool (giraffe's mane and tail), straws

Giraffe the size of the various parts of the giraffe:

Horns: 3 / 4 x 1 / 4

Mouth & ears: 1 3/4

Face & knees: 3 1/4

Legs: 6 1/2

Feet: 1 3/4

Torso: 2 3/4

Neck: 1 1/4

Method: Cut the giraffe's body parts out of cardstock. Punch holes in the head for eyes, nostrils and mouth.

Then, punch holes in the knees and attach the legs with paper fasteners.

Attach the body parts of the giraffe together, then make several

holes along the neck and the back of the giraffe's body and string wool or silk thread to make the mane and tail. Cut the giraffe's feet into a hoof shape.

Punch a few holes in the giraffe's body and neck as you go to create a speckled effect when the light shines through.

Paste a straw on the back of the giraffe's body and another straw on the back of its neck.

Turn off the lights in the room and use only a desk lamp or flashlight pointing at the wall, and then it's time to put on the puppet show.

Question 7: shadow how to do simple practices from the Internet to print the picture of the shadow, stapled to thicker cardboard, with a small sharp knife according to the pattern of carving, carving in the cardboard under the pad on a piece of flat rubber, (if not pad carving knife is too much effort), carving after the top of the pattern off, the rest of the cardboard is to be the shadow of the shadow, according to the look of the Internet painted colors. It became. Carving knife can be done with a No. 11 scalpel blade (with half a chopstick split in the middle, the blade clamped in the middle, and then wrapped in transparent tape). The tape can be made from a mouse pad, easy to find. But there are knife wounds when you run out of it. In fact, the shadow being made of cowhide or donkey skin, this is not expected to be good to find, can only use cardboard instead.

Question 8: how to do shadow play, what materials to prepare cowhide or donkey skin, carving knife, wax disk, awl, scissors, needle and thread, paint, varnish.