What are the knowledge points of high school chemistry? Chemistry college entrance examination is compulsory.

Summarize the knowledge points of chemistry in NMET 1, and master the correct writing of figure 1 (schematic diagram of atomic structure), formula 5 (molecular formula, structural formula, structural simplification, electronic type and simplest formula) and formula 6 (chemical equation, ionization equation, hydrolysis equation, ionic equation, electrode equation and thermochemical equation).

2. Organic compounds with the same simplest formula: ① CH: C2H2 and C6H6②CH2: olefins and cycloalkanes; ③CH2O: formaldehyde, acetic acid and methyl formate; ④CnH2nO: saturated monobasic aldehyde (or saturated monobasic ketone) and saturated monobasic carboxylic acid or ester with twice the carbon number; Such as acetaldehyde (C2H4O) and butyric acid and its isomers (C4H8O2).

Generally speaking, the nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, but there is no neutron in the atom (1H).

4. Every cycle in the periodic table doesn't necessarily start with metal elements, for example, the first cycle starts with hydrogen.

5. Ⅲ B contains the most kinds of elements. The most kinds of compounds are formed by carbon elements, and crystals composed of ⅳ a elements often belong to atomic crystals, such as diamond, crystalline silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide and so on.

6. Atoms with the same mass number do not necessarily belong to the same element, such as 18O and 18F, 40K and 40Ca.

7. Among Ⅳ a ~ Ⅳ a, only Ⅳ a element has no allotrope, and its simple substance cannot be directly combined with oxygen.

8. Active metals and active nonmetals generally form ionic compounds, but AlCl3 is a valence compound (with a very low melting point and easy sublimation, it is a dimer molecule, and all atoms have reached a stable structure of 8 electrons in the outermost layer).

9. The more active the properties of general elements are, the more active the properties of simple elements are, but N and P are opposite, because N2 forms a triple bond.

The valence compounds of 10 * * are generally formed between nonmetallic elements, but ammonium salts such as NH4Cl and NH4NO3 are ionic compounds.

1 1. Ionic compounds do not exist as single molecules under normal conditions, but exist as single molecules in gas. Such as NaCl.

12, not all compounds containing nonpolar bonds are * * * valence compounds, such as Na2O2, FeS2, CaC2, etc. are ionic compounds.

13, simple molecules are not necessarily nonpolar molecules, for example, O3 is a polar molecule.

14. Generally, the valence of hydrogen in hydride is+1, but it is-1 in metal hydride, such as NaH and CaH2.

15, nonmetallic simple substance is generally not conductive, but graphite can conduct electricity, and silicon is a semiconductor.

16, NOnmetallic oxides are generally acidic oxides, but CO and no are not acidic oxides and belong to non-salt oxides.

17, acidic oxides do not necessarily react with water: for example, SiO2.

18, metal oxides are generally basic oxides, but some high-valence metal oxides are acidic oxides instead, such as Mn2O7 and CrO3, which belong to acidic oxides, 2KOH+Mn2O7==2KMnO4+H2O.

19, the sum of the highest positive valence of nonmetallic elements and their absolute negative valence is equal to 8, but fluorine has no positive valence, and oxygen is +2 in OF2.

20. Crystals containing cations do not necessarily contain anions, such as metal crystals with metal cations but no anions.

2 1, ionic crystals do not necessarily contain only ionic bonds, such as NaOH, Na2O2, NH4Cl, CH3COONa, etc. , which also contains * * * valence bond.

22. The electron shell structure of rare gas atoms must be stable, and the electron shell structure of other atoms must not be stable.

23. The electron shell structure of ions must be stable.

24. The radius of cation must be smaller than that of corresponding atom, and the radius of anion must be larger than that of corresponding atom.

25. The radius of a high valence cation formed by an atom must be smaller than the radius of its low valence cation. Such as Fe3+

26. The valence bond between atoms of the same species must be nonpolar, and the valence bond between atoms of different species must be polar.

27. There can be no ionic bond in the molecule. What's in the title? The word molecule, matter must be molecular crystal.

There must be no polar bond in simple molecules.

29*** valence compounds shall not contain ionic bonds.

Compounds containing ionic bonds must be ionic compounds, and the crystals formed must be ionic crystals.

3 1. Crystals containing molecules must be molecular crystals, and other crystals must have no molecules.

32. A simple crystal must not be an ionic crystal.

33. The crystal formed by this compound must not be a metal crystal.

34. Molecular crystals must contain intermolecular forces, and other crystals (except graphite) cannot have intermolecular forces.

35. For diatomic molecules, bonds are polar, and molecules must be polar (polar molecules); Bonds are nonpolar, and molecules must be nonpolar (nonpolar molecules).

36. Hydrogen bonding is also an interaction between molecules, which only affects the melting point of molecular crystals and has no effect on molecular stability.

37. Particles do not necessarily refer to atoms, but can also be molecules, anions, cations and groups (such as hydroxyl groups and nitro groups). Particles such as 10e-: Ne; Oxygen ion, fluorine ion, sodium ion, magnesium ion and aluminum ion; OH-H3O+、CH4、NH3、H2O、HF .

38. Atoms that are difficult to lose electrons are not always strong in gaining electrons, such as carbon and rare gases.

39. Elements with two electrons in the outermost electron shell of an atom are not necessarily IIA elements, such as he and sub-group elements.

40. Elements with 1 electron in the outermost electron shell of an atom are not necessarily group IA elements, such as Cr and IB elements.

Elements of 4 1 group. Ia is not necessarily an alkali metal, but also hydrogen.

42. The family composed of long and short periodic elements is not necessarily the main family, and there are 0 families.

43. Not all molecules have chemical bonds. For example, rare gases are monoatomic molecules without chemical bonds.

44.*** valence compounds may contain nonpolar bonds, such as hydrogen peroxide, acetylene, etc.

45. Compounds containing nonpolar bonds are not necessarily * * * valence compounds, such as sodium peroxide, ferrous disulfide, sodium acetate, CaC2 and so on are ionic compounds.

46. For polyatomic molecules, the bond is polar, but the molecule is not necessarily polar. For example, carbon dioxide and methane are nonpolar molecules.

47. Cation-containing crystals are not necessarily ionic crystals, such as metal crystals.

48. All ionic compounds are not necessarily salts. For example, Mg3N2 and metal carbide (CaC2) are ionic compounds, but they are not salts.

49. Salt is not necessarily an ionic compound, such as aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, etc., all of which are * * * valence compounds.

Solids are not always crystalline, such as glass, which is amorphous, and plastics and rubber.