Anecdotes of Great Masters｜Walking around the old Beijing with Mr. Liang Sicheng

With a copy of "History of Chinese Architecture", we went around Beijing with Mr. Liang Sicheng. From Liao, Jin to Ming and Qing Dynasties, many ancient buildings in Beijing have been used as research objects and occupy an important place in the "History of Chinese Architecture". We follow the veins and clues of these buildings to have a tour of history and architecture. This is Mr. Liang walked in Beijing footprints, full of his deep love for the city, carefully turned over, the text jumped on the paper, when Beijing was so slowly appeared in front of us. A History of Chinese Architecture Liang Sicheng A History of Chinese Architecture in Pictures is a concise history of Chinese architecture written in English in the early years of the late Professor Liang Sicheng, a renowned architect, with the aim of borrowing from a large number of photographs and plates, the structural system of ancient Chinese architecture and its evolution of the shape of the system, to the Western readers for a popular explanation. Tianning Temple The Tianning Temple, located in the north of the west bank of the moat outside Guang'anmen in Xicheng District, Beijing, is one of the oldest temples in Beijing. It is one of the oldest temples in Beijing. It was built in the Northern Wei Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen as the "Guanglin Temple", and was renamed "Hongye Temple" in the Sui Dynasty and "Tianwang Temple" in the Tang Dynasty, and an octagonal thirteen-storey relic brick pagoda was constructed inside the temple in the Liao Dynasty. Brick Pagoda. In the Jin Dynasty, when the capital was officially established in Yanjing, the Heavenly King Temple was renamed Dawangan Temple, and it became the only large temple in the imperial city of Jin. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the entire temple was destroyed by fire, leaving only the pagoda all alone. After many renovations during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tianning Temple became a good place for worshipping Buddha and enjoying flowers, and was one of the best places in the capital during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Liao Dynasty Brick Pagoda The Liao Dynasty Brick Pagoda in the temple is the tallest solid brick pagoda in Beijing, with a height of 57.8 meters in thirteen floors, octagonal in shape, and carved with many lifelike images, such as the lion's head carved on the Sumeru seat, the Vajrapani Rex statue at the corner, and the bodhisattva, the heavenly part of the pagoda and other deities. ...... The sculpture of the pagoda is in accordance with the Yuanjue Sutra. Yuanjue Sutra to lay out the Yuanjue Dojo, and the decorative treatment is designed according to the Avatamsaka Sutra to design the world of Huazang, symbolizing the Dainichi Rudra, which is a combination of Hinayana and Tantric Buddhism. According to Mr. Liang Sicheng, this pagoda was built in the ninth year of Dakang in the Liao Dynasty by the architects Kou Shiying and Kou Shixing at that time. Liao Dynasty Brick Pagoda Partial Drawing Mr. Liang Sicheng praised the Tianning Temple Pagoda as "rich in musical melody". Looking at the whole Tianning Temple Pagoda, the Sumeru seat, the body of the pagoda, the dense eaves, the top of the pagoda beads in the light and heavy, long and short, sparse and dense connected with the collocation, forming a very beautiful and dynamic artistic image, Tianning Temple Pagoda, as the oldest existing ground building in the Beijing urban area, is an important empirical evidence for us to understand the architecture of Liao Dynasty, as well as the art of sculpture. The Tianning Temple Pagoda in the "History of Chinese Architecture" is a great leap forward for the development of Beijing in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. The Jin and Yuan dynasties were a great leap forward in the development of Beijing, and so there are many ancient buildings on the ground in Beijing. Jin Zhongdu was modeled after the layout of Bianliang, Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty. From then on, such a layout, not only affected the Yuan dynasty, even to the Ming and Qing dynasties have continued Jin Zhongdu restoration map Yuan dynasty is based on the Jin Zhongdu, a new city on the broad plains, the layout of the city is very careful planning: strict compliance with the "Zhou Rites" in "the face of the back of the city, the left ancestor, the right community" of the idea of building. The north-south axis, the location of the palace in the center, the tall drum tower was built in the geometric midpoint of the city. Restoration of the Yuan dynasty capital White Pagoda Temple The Myo Ying Temple, commonly known as the White Pagoda Temple, is located at No. 171 Fuchengmennei Street in Xicheng District, Beijing, China, and is a Tibetan Buddhist Gelugpa temple. The temple was built in the Yuan Dynasty and was first named ""Da Sheng Shou Wan An Temple". It is said that when the temple was first constructed, there was a hiccup in the extent of the temple's footprint, which was recorded in the history books as "the emperor's system of four directions, each shooting an arrow, thought the boundary to". Its actual temple area is 160,000 square meters! Following in Mr. Liang's footsteps, our next visit was to the White Pagoda of the Myo Ying Temple, a classic building from the Yuan Dynasty. ""The Yuan Dynasty was based on the Lamaism of the Tubo (***) as the state religion, so the architecture and art of the Tubo spread to the north during the Yuan Dynasty, and as a result, many Tibetan stupas appeared", and among them, the White Pagoda of the Myo Ying Temple is the most magnificent relic of this period. Tufan Architecture in the History of Chinese Architecture The total height of the White Pagoda of the Miao Ying Temple is 51 meters, with a masonry structure and a white body, and the base of the pagoda is made of large city bricks in the form of a T-shaped platform, two meters above the ground, with an area of 1,422 square meters. In the center of the tower base, built into a multi-fold square tower seat, an area of 810 square meters, stacked height of 9 meters, *** three layers, the lower layer of the parapet, two, three layers of the Sumeru seat, each layer of the four sides of the symmetry of each left and right within the corner of the two folds, so that embraced stacked out of the many corner stones and facade. Sumeru seat girdle part, each piece of fa?ade are two sides of the corner columns and the upper and lower lords Fang set off, the whole tower seat beautifully modeled, rich in cascading changes. The body of the pagoda on the seat is a large chalk-colored mantle body, shaped like a gourd; the upper part of the long conical neck, there are 13 sections, called "thirteen days" on the top of the patterned copper plate around the 36 small copper bells hanging. The wind blows the bells todos, the sound is crisp and pleasant. Copper plate on the firm eight-layer copper pagoda brake, five meters high, weighing four tons, divided into the brake seat, phase wheel, treasure cover and the top of the brake several parts. White Pagoda Monastery This white pagoda is the earliest and largest existing Tibetan Lamaist pagoda. It combines the architectural styles of Chinese and Indonesian pagodas, not only has a rich Buddhist meaning, but also with its lofty, exquisite tower style, for the Yuan dynasty capital architecture to add the majestic beauty of the momentum. Zhu Di moved the capital to Beijing, in the Yuan capital city on the basis of new palaces and temples, the city's system is more ambitious, the excellent craftsmen from the north and south gathered here, the strengths of all the people, to create a new image of the capital city of the Ming Empire and the majestic elegance. The Forbidden City in Beijing The Forbidden City in Beijing is roughly the same as it was at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. Most of the halls of the Forbidden City were rebuilt during the Qing Dynasty due to fires and expansions, but if you pay close attention, there are still some complete groups of individual halls, such as the Imperial Temple and the Temple of the Gods of Jik, which are relics of the Ming Dynasty. General plan of the three halls of the Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty from A History of Chinese Architecture Panoramic view of the Forbidden City When visiting the Forbidden City, in addition to the classic central axis of the three halls and the six palaces in the east and west, it is recommended that a detour be made to see the Wenyuan Pavilion, which is the largest of the royal collections in the Forbidden City. It is also an important stop on Liang Sicheng's architectural tour of the capital. A History of Chinese Architecture in the Forbidden City, Wen Yuan Ge's floor plan and framework Mr. Liang Sicheng had spent a great deal of effort to examine is located in the Forbidden City Museum in the East China Gate behind the Hall of Wenhua Wen Yuan Ge, Wen Yuan Ge is the 41st year of the Qianlong dynasty modeled on the Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion of the regulation, in the appearance of the appearance is also divided into the upper and lower two floors, the face of the six rooms, each passes for a single, inherited the Tianyi Pavilion, "Tianyi one life of the water, the land six into the "The symbolism of its structure is water-worn silk-seamed brick walls, dark green corridors, diamond windows and doors, hipped roof, covered with black glazed tiles, and green glazed tiles inlaid with eaves, the ridge decorated with green, purple, white glazed in relief waves of swimming dragons, all the paint paintings are mainly in cold colors to create an elegantly quiet and solemn atmosphere of the Royal Library. As for the pool in front of the building, it is a good fire prevention for the necessary material conditions. Reflects the Qing dynasty palace buildings in the engineering design and construction art on the high level of skill and level. Wen Yuan Pavilion The Qianlong Emperor searched the world of ancient and modern books, compiled after the completion of the "Siku Quanshu" in that year, ordered to order the hand-copied 7, respectively, hidden in the Forbidden City Wen Yuan Pavilion, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Wensu Pavilion, Yuanmingyuan Wenyuan Pavilion, Chengde, Hebei Province, the Wenjin Pavilion, Yangzhou, Wenhui Pavilion, Zhenjiang, Wenzong Pavilion, and Hangzhou Wenlan Pavilion, which is known as the "" North four South three ". Overhead view of the Forbidden City Ming Dynasty altar and temple buildings, located on both sides of the Forbidden City, the Imperial Temple and the altar of the Gods of Jigji are both ancient architectural complexes separated by a wall from the Forbidden City. Zhu Di, the first Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, followed the system of the Zhou Rites of the ""Left Ancestor, Right Society"" when he built the Forbidden City and built the Imperial Temple and the altar of the Gods of Jigji at the same time, and today, as the Palace of Culture for Workers of Labor respectively, and the Zhongshan Park, respectively. The altar of the gods of earth and grains in Zhongshan Park The altar of the gods of earth and grains in Zhongshan Park is a place where the emperor worshipped the gods of earth and grains, and in the middle of the square platform made of white jade, there are five colors of soil, which are paid tribute to from all over the country, which means "under the sky, there is no place other than the king's land". The Palace of Culture for the Working People (Tai Temple) The Palace of Culture for the Working People (Tai Temple), Tai Temple is where the emperor enshrined the tablets of his ancestors and made offerings to the ancestors at the annual festivals and ceremonies. It is worth mentioning that the main building is the Palace of Heung Yee, with a heavy eaves and hipped roof, which is the largest surviving palace in China made of gold nanmu, and if we talk about the height of the palace alone, it is more than two meters higher than the Hall of Supreme Harmony of the Forbidden City, which was rebuilt during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. It can be said that the Imperial ancestral temple is one of the most well-preserved architectural complexes of the Ming Dynasty in China. Ming Changling Mausoleum The Ming and Qing royal tombs are another important architectural category that Mr. Liang Sicheng examined. The Ming Changling Mausoleum is one of the representatives. The Ming Changling Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Ming Yongle Emperor Zhu Di and Empress Xu, located at the foot of Tianshoushan Mountain, the 8-kilometer-long mausoleum in front of the Shinto path combined with the temple building, mausoleum building to form an architectural group, and the natural environment of Tianshoushan Mountain as a whole, with a grandeur and a high degree of intentionality that is seldom compared with similar architectural groups in the whole country. The general plan of the Ming Changling Mausoleum in the History of Chinese Architecture The Changling Mausoleum is the largest and most important of the 13 Ming Tombs. As the mausoleum of the Yongle Emperor and its Empress Xu, the Changling Mausoleum faces Tianshou Mountain, with imposing feng shui and an architectural layout that reflects the royal style. The main hall, Siouen Hall, is very dominant and is the largest surviving wooden hall in China. The circular treasure city behind the Ming Tower, together with the square courtyard formed by the group of halls in front of it, is symbolized as "heaven is round and earth is square". Mr. Liang's description of the Qing dynasty royal garden architecture more fleshed out. One of the most representative will be the Beihai and the western suburbs of the Royal Garden. Panoramic view of Beihai Park Beihai Park Gardens Ancient Architecture Summer Palace Kunming Lake Summer Palace Buddha's Fragrant Pavilion We re-read the History of Chinese Architecture today, accompanied by Mr. Liang Sicheng's text from the perspective of architectural aesthetics to appreciate the royal temples, palaces, mausoleums and gardens spread throughout Beijing, you can pay more attention to the details of the building. In this most beautiful season of Beijing, we invite Mr. Leung Sze Shing to "accompany" us and take a walk around this familiar and unfamiliar place. Opening Ceremony of "A Hundred Years of Giant Liang Sicheng" Opening Ceremony of "A Hundred Years of Giant Liang Sicheng" Statue of Mr. Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin in front of the former site of the China Construction Association in Lizhuang Source of Article and Picture / Microblog of China Midtown Development Research Institute Supervisor / Fumo, Dabai Editor / Xinyi About Us A Hundred Years of Great Masters, jointly produced by China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, China Central Radio and Television, China Academy of Art, Central News and Recorded Film Studio (Group), Hundred Years of Art (Beijing) Culture Communication Limited, and Yingu Museum of Art, is China's first large-scale biographical documentary focusing on the masters of humanities, science and technology in the 20th century. The first season of "The Great Masters of the Century" is divided into Fine Arts, Calligraphy, Peking Opera, Drama, Music and Literature, ****110 episodes. The second season of "A Hundred Years of Giant Craftsmen" is kicked off by an architectural chapter. A Hundred Years of Giant Artists" has been broadcast on CCTV (1 set, 3 sets, 4 sets, 9 sets, 10 sets, Discovery Channel, International Channel), China Education Television (CETV), Beijing Television (Light Time, Expo Program), Chongqing TV, Zhejiang TV, Heilongjiang TV, Shandong TV, Henan TV, Gansu TV, Xinjiang TV, Qinghai TV, Ningxia TV, *** TV, Guangdong TV, Guangxi TV, Beijing Documentary It has been broadcasted by more than 80 provincial TV stations and local TV stations in China, such as Beijing Documentary HD Channel and Shanghai Documentary Channel, as well as overseas TV stations, such as Malaysia TV, and has been widely praised. A Hundred Years of Gigantic Craftsmanship" has won 8 documentary awards. 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