The development and direction of the sports industry in China? Categories and contents of the sports industry?

Development and direction of sports industry in China

I. Development status:

In our country, sports have long been developed as a business rather than an industry, and what we consider is only how to increase as much as possible the output of the business results in the traditional sense, such as the number of organized competitions, the number of people taking part in the exercise, the number of gold, silver and bronze medals, and the rate of attainment of the standard, etc., and so on, so long as these business results As long as these operational results reach the predetermined plan indicators, it is considered a successful completion of the task. Under the socialist market economy system, the development of sports undertakings should not only pursue "primary output", but also "secondary output", that is, the initial output of business results with good social benefits can be transformed into economic benefits that can be measured in physical form and value form. That is to say, to transform the initial output with good social benefits into economic benefits that can be measured in physical form and value form. This is to make sports from the cause, public welfare to business transformation, so that it can provide sports products and services to the community to create economic benefits, to play the fundamental role of the market in the allocation of sports resources.

According to this guiding ideology, China since the 80's the rise of billiards first opened the first sports consumption, followed by swimming, bowling, ice skating, tennis, gym also entered the sports consumption market. At present, a variety of foreign names, a variety of sports projects are still deepening in our country, such as archery, formula car racing, bungee jumping, skiing, rock climbing, surfing, windsurfing, parachuting and so on, these sports projects attracted a lot of higher-income consumers to participate in and a certain degree of fire, so that people's leisure activities are more healthy, more selective. On the other hand, the competition and performance market has begun to take shape, and the soccer A League has shown great commercial value, in addition to the CBA, CNBA basketball league and CCTV table tennis tournament, etc., all of which are the concrete manifestation of the industrialization and professionalization of sports. In short, although China's sports industry started late, it is developing rapidly, the industrial field is expanding, the scale of development is gradually increasing, the quality of the industry has improved greatly, and the industrial efficiency has also improved significantly.

According to the present situation of the development of China's sports industry, at present and even for some time in the future, the focus of the development of the sports industry can only be positioned in the sports industry, the fitness and entertainment industry, leisure industry and sports performance industry as the focus of the development of the sports industry, drive the sports intermediary industry, the development of sports peripheral industry, including sports brokerage industry, the sports media communication industry (news and television, publishing, audio-visual, etc.), sports supplies industry, sports tourism, sports industry, the sports industry, the sports industry, the sports industry, the sports media communication industry (news and television, publishing, audio-visual, etc.). The development of sports intermediary industry and sports peripheral industry, including sports brokerage industry, sports media communication industry (press and television, publication, audio and video, etc.), sports goods industry, sports tourism industry and sports insurance industry. At the same time, to promote the sports capital (sports funds, sports lottery, securities, etc.) industry, sports information technology consulting and training industry, sports rehabilitation and medical monitoring of the overall development of the industry.

Second, the direction

First, the sports industry to socialization and diversification. With China's accession to the "World Trade Organization" after the country's macroeconomic situation, will accelerate the adjustment of the domestic industrial structure. The change of industrial structure and the rationalization of resource allocation will bring economic growth, which will support and pull the sports industry. The policy orientation of the national development of tertiary industry will provide preferential policy guarantee for the development of sports industry; while the continuous growth of service trade in the international market provides a good market environment for the sports industry and enhances the attractiveness of the sports industry to the social capital, thus attracting a large amount of capital investment in the society. Diversification of investment channels in the sports industry also means that the sports enterprises will be mainly invested by the state, the property rights structure of the unitary towards the non-nationalization and the diversification of property rights structure, the sports industry will break the situation of industry barriers, the sports industry began to really socialize.

The second is the fitness, leisure and entertainment industry is booming. With the economic growth and the improvement of people's living standards, the increasing emergence of mass fitness sports and leisure and entertainment sports will also make the sports industry to obtain greater development. Because in terms of depth and breadth, mass sports involve more people and areas than competitive sports. In China, since the beginning of the 1980s, sports, fitness and entertainment venues began to appear, after a period of slow development, to the early 1990s, due to the deepening of the reform and opening up to the outside world, the increase in the number of foreign businessmen coming to China, as well as the improvement of the standard of living and the first part of the people to get rich, and thus the rapid rise in the demand for fitness, recreation, leisure and other programs and services. Especially with the deepening of the reform of China's publicly-funded medical system, people are more aware of the importance of having a healthy body", money to buy health "has been gradually recognized and accepted by most people. China's physical fitness and recreation is forming an unprecedented new pattern, this new pattern is built around the National Fitness Program. The National Fitness Plan is implemented for all the people, so it will make the sports industry get unprecedented development, and will drive and promote the development of other industries and sectors and even the whole national economy, and realize the optimization of the industrial structure in the real sense.

Thirdly, the sports industry is developing towards globalization; since the 1990s, one of the most prominent new features and new trends in the economic field of the century is the integration and globalization of the world economy. Today, the influence of various international trade, financial and monetary organizations on the world economy has been increasing, foreign trade in the national economy of countries accounted for a higher and higher proportion of the global transnational corporations have grown to hundreds of thousands of global economic development and industrial layout has an unprecedented impact. As part of the world economy and the global industrial system, the globalization of the sports industry has also accelerated in recent years, and the proportion of sports trade in global international trade has risen year by year and has now reached 215%. With the gradual commercialization and professionalization of the Olympic Games and the emergence of the sports industry market in Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa, this globalization trend will be accelerated.

Fourth, the professionalization and socialization of competitive sports. The tendency of the professionalization of the world's competitive athletes is becoming clearer and clearer, and this kind of special career, special management, special investment, special development has become one of the important ways to realize the development of sports. Because competitive sports need huge investment, adopting professionalization to get rid of the economic crisis of competitive sports is a main way. It has played a positive role in the development of sports without affecting the technical level of sports and solving the increasingly serious contradictions, which has led to the rapid development of professionalization of sports. With the expansion of the professionalization of competitive sports, the socialization of competitive sports has also had a greater development, especially the State Sports Commission of soccer and basketball as a breakthrough in the reform of the community has achieved more significant results; so that the degree of dependence of competitive sports on the community and the market continues to increase, the competitive sports itself "blood function". Greatly strengthen the competitive sports itself, reduce a large amount of national financial expenditure, make full use of social funds applied to social sports activities, also to improve the level of sports and popularize the purpose of sports. At the same time, due to the high degree of development of social productive forces, so that sports have become an important part of the country's social life, will attract more young people to participate in sports, and further promote the development of the sports industry.

Fifth, the role of electronic media. Mass media, especially the electronic media as the representative of the modern high-tech means of communication, the impact on the sports industry is extensive and far-reaching. Electronic media, including television, radio, computers, the Internet and so on, this kind of mass media invented and popularized in the 20th century has completely changed the relationship between competitive sports and the audience. In particular, the development of satellite transmission technology has made it possible for viewers around the globe to watch various exciting games held around the world through television and the Internet, and competitive sports have become increasingly influential among global viewers. Because of this, many enterprises, including sporting goods manufacturers through a variety of international sports activities and internationally renowned teams and athletes in the form of sponsorship and sports to establish and maintain a close contact with the sports as a global consumer publicity and promotion of their own enterprises or products as a carrier. On the other hand, these corporate sponsorships provide financial support for the development of international sports organizations and the conduct of international sports competitions, thereby increasing the international profile of sport. According to the International Event Group's corporate sponsorship guide, in 1996 alone, global sports sponsorship funding amounted to $10 billion. It can be seen that the electronic media have not only changed the way people watch sports competitions, made the meaning of sports competitions richer and more diversified, and made competitive sports more dramatic, ornamental and attractive, but also greatly changed the face of the competitive sports industry and promoted the rapid development of the sports industry. Television and radio organizations around the world spend huge sums of money every year to buy the broadcasting rights of various sports competitions, and competitive sports have gained great fame and high status through media hype.

The categories and contents of the sports industry:

I. Organization and management

. Sports administrative and business organization management activities

Social affairs management institutions*

- Sports social affairs management institutions

Sports organizations (refers to the activities of organizations specializing in sports competitions, training, coaching and management)

- Various professional sports clubs

p> - Various sports teams

- Various mass sports organizations

- Various specialized sports management organizations (e.g., sports associations, centers)

. Other sports organization management activities

Specialized groups *

-Sports social group services

Other social groups *

-Sports foundations

-Other unspecified sports social groups

II. Sports Stadium Management

The following are the categories of sports stadium management activities

. Stadium management activities

Stadium (refers to the management of venues for spectator competitions and venues exclusively for athletes' training)

- Comprehensive stadiums

- Comprehensive gymnasiums

- Sports training bases

-Swimming venues

- Football, basketball and volleyball venues

- Tennis, badminton and table tennis venues

- Chess and chess venues

- Other venues not listed Competition venues

Three, fitness and leisure

． Sports, Fitness and Recreation Activities

Leisure, Fitness and Recreation Activities (refers to the management activities of leisure, fitness and recreation venues and other sports and recreation venues that are mainly open to the community)

-Comprehensive Sports and Recreation Venues (comprehensive fitness centers integrating swimming, bowling, ball games, fitness and so on)

- Bowling alleys

- Fitness centers (pavilions)

- Billiard rooms, dart rooms

- Golf courses

- Shooting, archery halls (fields)

-Sandboarding, skiing and activities in simulated ski resorts

-Places for thrilling recreational activities (parachuting, gliding, bungee jumping, rock climbing, zip lines, etc.)

-Recreational military training

-Places for physical training

- Other unspecified leisure and fitness recreational activities

Fourth, sports intermediary category

. Sports business services

Other business services not specified*

-Athletes' personal brokerage agency activities

-Sports event ticketing agency activities

-Preparation, planning and organizing activities for the Games

-Other sports business services not listed

. Sports economic consulting services

Socio-economic consulting*

- Sports economic consulting activities

. Sports brokerage services

Other sports

-Sports brokerage services

V. Other sports activities

. Sports Training Services

Vocational Skills Training*

- Martial Arts Training Services

- Other Sports Training Services

． Sports Research Services

Social and Humanities Research and Experimental Development*

-Sports Science Research Services

． Sports Lottery Services

Other Recreational Activities*

- Sports Lottery

. Sports Media Services

Book Publishing*

-Sports Book Publishing Services

Periodical Publishing*

-Sports Magazine Publishing Services

Audio-Visual Production*

-Sports Sound Recording Production Services

-Sports video production services

Audio-visual publishing*

-Sports audio publishing services

-Sports video publishing services

Broadcasting*

Radio*

-Sports radio production services

-Sports radio broadcasting services

Television*

-Sports TV program production services

-Sports TV program broadcasting services

Conference and Exhibition Services*

- Sporting Goods Exhibition Services

. Sports Market Management Services

Market Management*

- Sporting Goods Market Management Services

. Stadium design services

Engineering survey and design*

-Stadium building construction engineering design services

-Fitness housing construction engineering design services

-Outdoor sports facilities design services

. Cleaning Services for Sports Venues

Other Cleaning Services*

- Cleaning Services for Sports Venues

． Sports Heritage and Cultural Preservation Services

Heritage and Cultural Preservation*

- Ethnic Sports Preservation Services

VI. Manufacturing of Sporting Goods, Clothing, Shoes and Hats, and Related Sporting Goods

． Sporting Goods Manufacturing

Balls Manufacturing

Sports Equipment and Accessories Manufacturing

Training and Fitness Equipment Manufacturing

Sports Protective Equipment Manufacturing

Other Sporting Goods Manufacturing

． Sportswear and Footwear Manufacturing

Textile Clothing Manufacturing *

-Sports Clothing

Caps *

-All kinds of sports caps manufacturing

Leather Shoes Manufacturing *

-Leather Sports Shoes and Boots

Rubber Shoes Manufacturing *

- Cloth Sports Shoes

Plastic Shoes Manufacturing*

- Plastic Sports Shoes and Boots

. Manufacture of related sports products

Manufacture of amusement rides and indoor recreational equipment *

- Billiard tables and their accessories

- Bowling equipment and devices

- Darts and dart boards

Manufacture of ropes, cords and cables*

- Nets (bibs) for sports events

Manufacture of suitcases, bags and pouches*

- Sports bags

Manufacture of tea and other soft drinks*

- Sports drinks

- Tea and other soft drinks

- Sports equipment and equipment

Weapons and ammunition manufacturing*

-Sports guns

Mechanized agricultural and horticultural implements manufacturing*

-Sports field rollers

-Sports field motorized lawn mowers

Manufacture of automobile bodies and trailers*

- Golf motor vehicles

Manufacture of pedal bicycles and disabled bicycles*

- Race bicycles

Manufacture of lighting and electrical signaling equipment for vehicles*

- Manufacture of motorcycles for football fields, stadiums, etc.*

-Displays for soccer fields, stadiums, etc.

VII. Sales of Sporting Goods, Clothing, Shoes, Hats and Related Sports Products

. Wholesale of sporting goods, clothing, shoes and hats and related products

Wholesale of sporting goods

Wholesale of clothing *

- Wholesale of sportswear services

Wholesale of shoes and hats *

- Wholesale of sports and leisure footwear and hats services

Wholesale of books *

Wholesale services of sports books

Wholesale services of newspapers and magazines

Wholesale services of sports magazines

Wholesale services of audio-visual products and electronic publications *

Wholesale services of sports laser discs

-Wholesale of sports videotapes

-Wholesale of sports electronic publications

Wholesale of other cultural goods*

-Wholesale of billiard equipment

-Wholesale of darts equipment

. Retail sale of sporting goods, apparel, footwear and related products

Retail sale of sporting goods

Retail sale of footwear and hats *

-Sports footwear specialized retailing services

Retail sale of apparel *

-Sports clothing specialized retailing services

Department store retailing*

. p> -Sports department store retailing services

Supermarket retailing*

-Supermarket retailing of sports products

. Trade and agency services for sports products

Trade brokerage and agency*

- Agency services for international trade in sports goods

- Agency services for domestic trade in sports goods

VIII. Construction of stadium buildings

. Stadium housing project construction

Housing project construction*

-Sports and leisure fitness with housing construction

. Stadium Engineering Buildings

Other Civil Engineering Buildings*

-Sports Ground Facility Projects

-Facilities for Outdoor Sports

.