Jiangxi folk classical Chinese

1. Jiangxi folk frugality translation Jiangxi folk frugality, everything has its own golden mean, but each has its own name.

It is said that Jiangxi people are frugal and everything has its own methods of restraint, but each has its own name.

If you eat, the first bowl is not allowed to eat vegetables, and the second bowl is helped by vegetables. This is called "fasting".

For example, when eating, the first bowl is light rice without vegetables, and the second bowl is only vegetables. This is called "fasting".

It is called "dog sitting" because it has no bones left.

At the end of the meat season, you can buy a muscle and wait for the dog under the table. If you don't see the bones left by your master, it's called "sitting on a dog".

The fruit of persuasion is carved with wood and decorated with color. Only when the fruit is edible can it be called "offspring fruit box".

When drinking, the fruit is carved out of wood as decoration, and only one fruit can be eaten in the middle, which is called "descendants fruit box".

Sacrifice to the gods, rent it in a food store, and return it after use, which is called "no one divides it."

Sacrifice the gods to rent sacrifices (pork, beef) from the hotel, and then return them to the store, saying that "no one has a share."

At this point, frugality is extreme.

Thrift to the extreme, so to speak.

When students are studying, everyone is sitting alone on the wooden sofa, and they are not allowed to take a long bed, so they are afraid of sleeping, which is called "not sleeping".

Students can only sit at the table when studying, and it is not allowed to set a bench to stop students from sleeping. This is called "no sleep".

This method is desirable.

This method also works.

2. What are the characteristics of Jiangxi's geographical environment, history, culture and customs? 1. Geographical environment: First, it is a national key scenic spot that "does not know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but only lives in this mountain"; Sanqingshan (World Natural Heritage) is famous for its beautiful scenery such as "the first fairy peak in the south of the Yangtze River", "Sister Mountain of Huangshan Mountain" and "Pearl of East China". Third, Longhu Mountain is the birthplace of Taoism in China, with typical Danxia landform, beautiful, graceful and immortal. Fourth, there is a revolutionary holy land-Jinggangshan; Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, is known as "the world of white cranes" and "the kingdom of rare birds". 6. Guanshan Nature Reserve, a national nature reserve, is well known. 2. History and culture: It has a long history and splendid culture, and is known as "the wealth of things, outstanding people and outstanding people" and "the fog of Xiongzhou, outstanding people and outstanding people". Since the Tang Dynasty, Jiangxi Jinshi accounted for10.99% of the whole country; Top scholars 4 1. Since the Han Dynasty, there have been more than 800 biographies in Jiangxi, and 90 people have served as Zaifu. Celebrities in Jiangxi are: Tao Yuanming, Yang Wanli, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Huang Tingjian, Wen Tianxiang, Zhu, Tang Xianzu, Song, etc., which hold up half of China's excellent traditional culture and rank first among the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River.

3. Reading Classical Chinese (9 points) Read the following classical Chinese and complete the short story 1:B short story 2:D short story 3:D short story 4:( 1) Zhao Liangchun saw Wu Guoding Kan Kan and talked about it, expecting him to be appointed. Ask the court and leave him to defend Angie.

(2) When everyone was still standing around, Zhao Liangchun shouted, "Do you want to make trouble?" Everyone went out in tears, and he hanged himself again. 1 question: this question examines the understanding of the meaning of the content words in classical Chinese, and the ability level is B.

To analyze this topic, we can first analyze the usage of words and determine whether their parts of speech conform to the grammatical position; Then analyze the meaning of words in combination with the language environment, and finally get the correct answer. Through usage analysis, the word "because" in option B is obviously in the predicate position, which should be a verb and the meaning given is a noun.

Question 2: This question examines the ability to screen the information of "Zhao Liangchun cares about the sufferings of the people", and the ability level is C. To solve this kind of problem, we should first look at the requirements of the topic and make clear the requirements of the topic; Secondly, clarify the meaning of each sentence in the option; Finally, distinguish whether each sentence in the option belongs to the object and feature required by the stem.

Through screening, ① it is just Liang Chun's view on thieves, ② it shows a social reality at that time, and ⑤ it just emphasizes that his writing is touching. Question 3: this question examines the ability to summarize the main points of content and the central meaning, and the ability level is C.

The key points to solve this kind of problem are: ① Reading as a whole and grasping as a whole. ② Grasp the options and read correctly.

③ Identify differences and eliminate interference. By reading the full text and combining with the context analysis, the message of option D, "Liang Chun sees that the general trend is gone, let the soldiers escape", is inconsistent with the original text. The original text gives "the soldiers entered the city to call for an appointment:' The marshal will not kill you when the crowd is scattered.

Question 4: This question examines the translation ability of candidates to understand classical Chinese as modern Chinese. The ability level is level B.

Classical Chinese translation should focus on literal translation, supplemented by free translation. When translating, pay attention to some sentence patterns, fixed structures, important real words and function words, but pay attention to translation, which is fluent and speechless as a whole.

When translating the first sentence of this topic, we should first translate the central idea of the sentence and accurately translate the three key substantive words "Da Yan", "Yi" and "Shu". In the second sentence, first translate the central idea of the sentence, and accurately translate the three key substantive words of "strike back", "two backs" and "make friends".

Zhao Liangchun, whose real name is Cheng Jing, is the great-grandson of Prime Minister Ruyu. Liang Chun learned from Rao Lu, a gentleman from their hometown, and knew how to stand up.

When I was an official, the place I went to was famous for its good governance, but I never asked for recommendations. At first, based on the achievements of predecessors, Taining's main book was promoted to Huaixi Transportation for many times, and the officialdom has been ups and downs for more than 20 years.

Admitted, change your knowledge to Ningxian. Fenning is a big county in Jiangxi province, with noisy customs and likes to attack others. Zhao Liangchun ruled the county without criminal law, killing people and appointing officials and petty officials. He chooses people who are loyal and filial, and respects and treats them personally. As for those who are particularly unruly, they are brought to justice and their bad habits are slightly abolished.

At the end of Xianchun, he was appointed to work in Anji. After Zhao Liangchun took office, he discussed the methods of defense with his officials every day and implemented them.

At that time, there was a famine, and the people became thieves together, and the places where they were located flocked. Someone asked to send troops to attack them. Zhao Liangchun said, "Are the people willing to be thieves? When times are difficult and there is drought, we will live together. "

Ordered his men to be righteous with them, and everyone threw down their weapons and scattered back. Those who didn't leave were tied up and presented. Others robbed other people's things, went to the owner to apologize and returned them to others.

Zhao Liangchun advised the rich to take out corn to help them. He once said to people, "If the satrap can help the people, so be it." His words were sincere enough to move people's hearts, and people responded to him with all the grain in the barn.

Soon, Fan sent messengers to surrender with letters. Zhao Liangchun burned the letters and killed the messengers. Yuan soldiers came and stationed at their east and west gates.

Prior to this, the court sent general Wu Guoding to reinforce Yixing, which was in critical condition. He didn't dare to go, so he went to Anji to see Zhao Liangchun and was willing to stay as an auxiliary force. Zhao Liangchun saw Wu Guoding Kan Kan and talked about it, expecting him to be appointed. After asking the court for instructions, he was left to defend Anji.

Soon, Wu Guoding opened the South Gate and accepted Yuan Bing. Yuan Bing entered the city and shouted, "Marshal won't kill your when everyone is dispersed." So everyone cried loudly and dispersed.

Zhao Liangchun ordered to drive home, and the soldiers stopped him and said, "At this point, assistant minister, you have to save yourself." Zhao Liangchun reprimanded everyone for leaving.

Let the family go out and hide, and then close the door and commit suicide. A soldier came to save him, and he woke up again. Everyone cried and said, "Why should the assistant minister suffer for himself?" You can still survive by running away. "

Zhao Liangchun scolded them: "Am I a fugitive?" Everyone was still around, and Zhao Liangchun shouted, "Do you want to make trouble?" Everyone went out in tears, and he hanged himself again.

4. Jiangxi folklore translation is thrifty. Jiangxi people are thrifty, and everything has its own thrifty method, but each has its own name. Don't eat a bowl of food before eating, and the second bowl will be served. This is called "late fasting". It is called "the dog sits still" because it has no bones left. It is advised that wine and fruit products should be decorated with wood carvings, with bright colors, but only one kind of fruit can be eaten, which is called "children's and grandchildren's fruit box". Sacrifice to god, rent it in a restaurant, and return it after offering, saying, "no one has a share." Thrift is a great thing here. When a student reads a book, everyone sits on a wooden couch alone, and is not allowed to sit on a bench for fear that he will fall asleep. This is called "not sleeping". This method can be adopted.

The article describes that Jiangxi people are poor, but they can cope with it with diligence and thrift, which is mixed with silence. They often say that they can only eat more food when they have less food, that they are "on an empty stomach", that they have no bones to chew, and that they are "sitting ducks". It suddenly occurred to me that Zhu Xi trained students and taught people to sit still and read books for half a day. Jiangxi people talked and laughed without losing the taste of scholars. This attitude of talking about oneself makes Jiangxi people poor and not sleepy, which is a kind of wisdom. With this wisdom, Jiangxi people can still maintain a leisurely mood when they are hit by poverty and sadness. Tao Yuanming, a Jiangxi poet, said in his poem: "Under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, you can see Nanshan leisurely." You can't do it easily, because it is an artistic vitality.

5. Ancient prose about ancient customs 1. In the Song Dynasty, firecrackers were set off in thunder, except for the Chinese New Year, which was to scare the epidemic and burn bamboo.

Since the invention of * *, it is difficult to stop the custom of flogging in the New Year. "Nerve" says that there is shame in Xishan Mountain, and it is hot and cold to commit it.

But it is afraid of bamboo bursting. So people burn bamboo to drive it away.

A poet in the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem: "The new calendar is only half open, and the small court is still bursting." Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty wrote: "Besides firecrackers, the spring breeze sent warmth into Tu Su.

After the invention of * *, people still set off firecrackers during the Spring Festival. Fan Chengda described the process of setting off firecrackers in "The Journey of Firecrackers": "Cut off the gun barrel and simmer for five feet to get paid. During the intermission, the healthy servant still runs.

On the other hand, when the footsteps sounded, the children stood far in front and shouted loudly. One, two, a hundred ghosts are frightened, three, four, the ghost nest is crooked.

Ten sounds are in harmony with all gods, and all directions are in harmony. However, there is still enough power to drive away the disease.

"In the Southern Song Dynasty, there was an explosion in which * * was wrapped in papyrus paper and tied into a roll." "Old Wulin Story": "As for the battle of the explosive head, there are more than 100 hidden medicine lines.

This refers to firecrackers strung together with medicinal thread. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Chun wrote the poem "Firecrackers": "Self-pity ends in a small picture, and the heart refuses to accept the dust.

The season is coming, the cold flame is emitting, and there are thunder on people's heads. Singing "Thunder Rising", the north is called "Kick Kick".

The invention of * *, originally for a peaceful life, was later used in war, which is a human misfortune; It is a great misfortune for mankind to use it in the war of aggression. Second, Jiao Fang enjoyed another year of beautiful scenery.

Fortunately, there was no official uniform at the beginning of the year, and they gathered in the brothel to play the orchestral. In the Song Dynasty, Jiao Fang originally belonged to the imperial court and was an official prostitute; "In Shaoxing, Jiao Fang's name was abolished. In case of a big meeting of the imperial court or a holy day, the commander-in-chief of the imperial army arranged to play music before driving, and dialed musicians in front of the Lin' an yamen ... "Another private prostitute sang in the street.

If the government has something to do, such as setting up a liquor store to sell wine, in order to attract business, "official and private * * *, Qian Gu should only". Within a year, it is rare to have a rest.

Only the first day of the new year has leisure and entertainment. Third, next year, you don't have to go to the government door to send business cards to interview people.

This situation is everywhere, giving paper shops a lot of money. In the Song Dynasty, visiting New Year with business cards was called "flying posts".

A red paper bag with the word "Fu Fu" written on it is posted in front of every house just for flying. "Qingbo Magazine" said: "In Yuan You, servants are often used to stab people's names when celebrating the New Year.

It was still like this in the Ming Dynasty. Wen Zhiming's poem "Happy New Year" says: "I don't want to meet you, but I want to talk, and the famous articles are all about us."

I also throw some paper at people. The world is too simple and empty. In the Qing Dynasty, the moon order in Yantai also described Beijing as "the moon, the shadows fly and the cars go empty".

Modern greeting cards and greeting cards can be said to be its heritage. Fourthly, on the seventh day of plum blossom makeup in beginning of spring in the Tang Dynasty, plum blossom was given a new color.

If this person is in the hall with Zhang, he is suspected to be a Shouyang imperial concubine. In ancient times, the seventh day of the first month was regarded as the "People's Day", and the story recorded the first establishment of the "People's Day" in Dong Fangshuo.

Legend has it that when Song Wudi was born, Princess Shouyang was lying in the hall with chapters, and plum blossoms fell on the princess's forehead under the eaves to form a decoration; The custom of "plum blossom makeup" with red spots on the forehead spread to the Tang and Song Dynasties, and women painted various patterns on their faces. There are names such as "oblique red, face enamel"; Lip paintings have names such as "Wanjinhong, Dahong, Neijiayuan".

In fact, stippling and decoration on women's faces rose as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Chu female figurines unearthed in Changsha have dots on their faces. In the Tang dynasty, sticking gold foil flowers on the face developed into a beauty fashion.

Golden spring plate beginning of spring is salty for spring plate flavor, with celery buds and leeks. Give each other friends and colleagues the same taste, and you don't have to wait for a good meal.

In ancient times, there was a custom of eating five spicy dishes in the spring. For example, Chronology of Jingchu's Age says: "On the first day of Yuan Dynasty, ... I drank Tu Su wine and served five spicy dishes.

"Geography in the early Zhou Dynasty": "Five-symplectic board, unitary system. Note: "Five spices make the five internal organs angry, namely garlic, garlic, leek, cloud moss and coriander.

Spiced board is also called spring board. "Legacy" contains: "In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Li E beginning of spring ordered reeds and celery buds as spring vegetables.

"Compendium of Materia Medica" said: "Five coriander is mixed with fresh and tender dishes such as onion, garlic, leek, wormwood and mustard to welcome the New Year on the first day of the New Year. This custom has been spread to the Tang, Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties.

For example, Yelu Chucai of Yuan Dynasty wrote a poem "Poor Spring Banquet on the First Day of Spring", in which he said that lotus root, pea, onion, Artemisia selengensis, leek and vermicelli were used for the spring banquet. Six, Tang put lights on the fire, trees and silver flowers, and tourists stayed for the Lantern Festival.

There are songs everywhere on the Climbing Star Bridge, and Jin Wu is forbidden to party. The fifteenth day of the first month is the first full moon night in a year, so it is called Yuan (Moon) night.

Taoism takes the fifteenth day of the first month as Shangyuan Festival. As early as the Han Dynasty, there was the custom of Lantern Festival, and it was even more grand in the Tang Dynasty.

Su Weidao's poem "The 15th Night of the First Month" says: "The fire trees and silver flowers are combined, and the stars and bridges are locked. The crowd is surging and the dust is flying under the horseshoe; Moonlight shines in every corner, where people can see the moon overhead.

Prostitutes are rich in plums and songs are beautiful. The capital has been abolished, so don't worry about the timing of leaking jade. Don't let the only midnight snack pass by in a hurry this year.

Become a classic of Yuanxiao poetry. In Tang Ruizong, the lantern tree is 20 feet high, and 50,000 lanterns are lit, the number of which is "fire tree".

"Jin Wu can't help it at night" means that the capital has made an exception to lift the curfew at night and allowed citizens to walk around the lights for three nights, also known as "lighting up". Seven, song silkworm divination playing tricks on rice fans, including good news to eat.

Although I set a good omen, I was overjoyed. Song and Yang Wanli wrote a poem, "On the night of Shangyuan, vulgar rice is silk, which is auspicious, so as to count the misfortune of one year old, it is called silkworm divination, which is a long sentence because of the play": "Shangyuan lives at home today, but it rains without lights in the village.

There is a small flute and drum across the stream. I wonder if there are any tourists? Children boil jade into silk, and auspicious words pray silently in the middle. The child can't wait for his body to take office early, and the daughter just wants to raise silkworms well. "Yun Yun.

It is said to be a local custom in Jizhou, Jiangxi, Yang Wanli's hometown. That is, the customs of sericulture areas in the south. Eight, I went to Chengtoumei Lantern Festival to travel with various diseases, and I couldn't help climbing Chengtou.

Out of the boudoir, in addition to all diseases, it is better than Yueyang wanzhanglou. Six pairs of Shanren's "Ci of Jincheng Zhi Zhu": "In order to travel around all diseases, the clothes are always tied.

Some chicken shoes are extremely thin and stick high on the female wall without help. It was described that it was a pleasure for women in Chengdu to travel around the city wall at midnight. 9. Tang sends the poor to the poor god every year, and the willow cart carries them out.

Drink up the wine and leave early; The old poor are approaching the new poor. The custom of sending the poor has existed since the Han Dynasty.

Yang Xiong in the Western Han Dynasty wrote a poem to eliminate poverty. According to Jin Gu Yuan Ji, the son of Levin is thin and compact, well dressed.

People use them to make new clothes, that is, they break them with fire. The palace is called a poor child.

On a dark day in the first month, the path died. People are in a mess now, abandoning junk. It was a sacrifice to heaven in an alley, saying it was to send the poor.