What scales do Arabic music and Indian music have in common?

1, Indian scales, Indian musical terms. Bharata's dance theory points out that each scale in Indian music has seven grades, abbreviated as Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha and Ni.

The Sa scale from Sa and the Ma scale from Ma are the basic scales of traditional Indian music. The Sa scale and the Ma scale each contain 22 Shrutis (micro-intervals) within 8 degrees, and each shruti is equivalent to about a quarter of a tone. Sa scale and Ma scale are pure scales or close to pure scales. There are 14 modal scales, and the tonic is in the Sa scale and the Ma scale. In Indian classical music, scales are represented by rags.

2. The Arabic scale is different from other scales because of its unique three-quarters tone. Arabs who are good at mathematics, according to the principle of phonology, use the "four-degree generation method", that is, subtract 1/4 from a string and take 3/4 of it to get the pure four degrees above; Generated in turn, resulting in the original nine laws.

10 century, Farabbi, a Turk, increased the law number to 17, which was divided into two categories: those obtained by the traditional four-degree method were counted as positive laws; According to the neutral interval, it is regarded as a variable law. In the13rd century, Safieddin, a Persian music theorist, was reborn eight times on the basis of the ancient nine methods, and got seventeen methods, arranged by pitch, namely:

However, the Seventeen Laws are inconvenient in practical use and have not been widely accepted. 1888, mushaka invented the "twenty-four average law", which divides the semitone of the twelve average laws into two. The interval between two adjacent laws is 50 minutes, which is called "quarter tone". But in actual music, this quarter can only be added with a semitone or a whole tone to form three-quarters or four-fifths.

Expand data in various scales:

Gypsy scale

Gypsies are nomadic tribes separated from northwest India in the 10 century. Its scale structure inherits the characteristics of ancient Indian music culture and has left a far-reaching influence on the music of all ethnic groups in West Asia, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe and North Africa.

Its interval organization is that there are two increments within each octave, and the two ends of each increment are edged with semitones, forming a set of "gypsy style" four-tone series with a pure four-degree framework. One of the four-tone series overlaps from beginning to end, and the other is separated by a whole tone, as shown in Example 3 below: Use this scale, or choose different tones as the tonic, and establish different modes (but not every tone can be the tonic).

Average pentatonic scale

Used by Javanese, it is called "alien Slindro" locally. Its interval organization is to divide an octave into five roughly equal intervals, each of which is greater than the whole tone and less than □ (see Indonesian music).

All the scales above are rooted in folk music. In addition, there are many artificial scales, which are designed and created by composers according to some expression intention and style requirements. Some only appear in a specific work, some are commonly used by a composer, and some have great influence and are used by a group of composers of a certain genre in a certain period.

Isotonic scale

Composed of six tones, it is also an average scale, that is, an octave is divided into six equal whole tones.

The use of this scale originated from some works of Schubert, Rossini and Berlioz. The earliest examples of its complete form can be found in Russian composer M. glinka's opera Ruslan and lyudmila, and later A.C. Dalgomizky, F. Liszt, C. Debussy, G. Puccini and Debussy. Become one of the characteristics of impressionist music style.

Baidu Encyclopedia-India Scale

Baidu Encyclopedia-Arabic Scale