The relationship between one or several garden plants and literature

The relationship between garden plants and literature includes: pine, cypress, lotus, plum blossom, bamboo, etc. 1 The cultural connotation of traditional ornamental plants 1.1 The Bede tradition "Bede" theory is the Confucian natural aesthetics, which advocates ethics (goodness)

From the perspective of experiencing the beauty of nature, the reason why natural mountains, rivers, flowers, trees, birds, animals, fish and insects can arouse the appreciation of beauty is that their external forms, ecological scientific and physiological properties, and the inner connotations expressed in their expressions are all

They are isomorphic, counterpointed and revitalized with the essence and essential power of human beings. That is to say, flowers and trees with similar shapes, qualities and spirits to the good nature and essential powers of humans can be compared with the aesthetic subject of humans (gentlemen).

Virtue, that is, you can experience a certain kind of personality beauty from appreciating landscapes, flowers and trees.

Therefore, literati and officials who are deeply influenced by Confucianism always use plants with bede connotations as their first choice when managing garden plants and landscapes.

For example, among garden plants, pine and cypress are widely recommended by garden adopters.

Confucius said: "When the years are cold, you will know how long the pines and cypresses will wither." "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan"; "Xunzi" also says: "If the years are not cold, there is no way to know the pines and cypresses; when things are not difficult, there is no way to know the gentleman." This is very clear.

The cold-resistant characteristics of pine and cypress are better than the strong character of a gentleman.

Similar in spirit to pine and cypress, there are lotus flowers in the water.

In Song Dynasty Zhou Dunyi's "Shuo on Love of Lotus", the lotus "becomes more virtuous" than a gentleman. "The lotus comes out of the mud but is not stained. It washes clear ripples without being evil. It is straight from the middle to the outside. It has no vines or branches. Its fragrance is clear and clear from far away."

A pure plant can be seen from a distance but not played with... Lotus is also the gentleman of flowers! "Zhou Dunyi believed that the lotus' ability to emerge from the mud without being stained is a reflection of a gentleman's clean and self-sufficient character, and is an excellent way to hone people's character.

example.

In addition, the plum blossoms with "sparse shadows across the slanting water and clear and shallow water", the "tall and upright bamboos with open mind and knots", and the deep valley orchids with "elegant and fresh, dark fragrance spreading far away" are all ideal Bede plants.

In the cultural atmosphere of "conforming the people with Confucianism", literati will appreciate plants differently according to their respective qualities and levels. You can appreciate their upright and noble beauty, or you can appreciate their elegant and unrestrained beauty.

, but generally they are looking for some intrinsic characteristics of plants, giving them cultural connotations, and constituting a unique traditional aesthetic way of viewing scenery, flower appreciation and culture.

1.2 With the leisure beauty of "elegance, tranquility, purity, elegance and floating", it is obviously too monotonous and lacks interest to regard the classical garden plant landscape as a "Bide" type landscape.

Therefore, garden owners often choose plants suitable for viewing and reciting according to their own hobbies, especially those scholar-bureaucrats who are frustrated in their officialdom and are hiding in the outside world.

For changes, you can invite close friends to enjoy the chanting at four o'clock and eight seasons.

For example, in the eyes of Chinese literati, plum blossoms are also beautiful flowers and trees with the spiritual attribute of "standard purity and elegance".

Fan Chengda of the Song Dynasty said of it: "Plum blossoms are better in rhyme and higher in style" ("Preface to the Plum Blossom Book"; Xu Zhizhong praised it: "To know the beauty of this flower, you can read "Li Sao" while drunk"; Chen Yuyi praised it.

: "With skillful painting and no salt, the beauty of this flower is even more distinct." Hong Lu praised it: "Simple in character and elegant in appearance." It is precisely because of the spiritual attributes of elegance and beauty that plum blossoms are most loved by literati.

Bu's Qilu: "...the sparse shadows are slanting across the clear water, and the faint fragrance floats in the moonlight at dusk..." can be said to be an eternal famous saying of "Plum blossoms win with rhyme". The most prominent one is Zhang Ci in the Song Dynasty, who mentioned six honors and favors.

The way: "To be unstained by smoke and dust; to be protected by bells and ropes; to be clean and clear of falling petals; to be looked forward to by princes day and night; to be evaluated by poets' pavilions; to be elegant songs of graceful prostitutes with light makeup." According to this standard, reward

Plum blossoms are particularly transcendent. Lotus flowers can "smell the fragrance and fold the pot, and play with the beauty and relax themselves." They are flowers and trees with elegant spiritual beauty. In Yu Shi's poem "West Lake Lotus" in the Song Dynasty, he admired the lotus on a moonlit night.

The artistic conception is beautiful, and the writing is as picturesque as a song: "In the quiet of the night, under the bright moonlight, I realize that the lotus has real interest; the water and the sky are soaked in green glass, and the pure and fragrant postures look at each other; the pavilions and pavilions are surrounded by green canopies, and the waves tremble slightly in the breeze.

Step by step; the lips are flushed with wine, the skin is like gelatin, and the waist is bound; a twist of fragrant bone is cut into thin ice, and the half-broken heart is weeping; the lake light fills the clothes with flower scent, the moon falls and the cold waves are soaked in the fragrant mist; suddenly I feel that I am in my heart

Zhugong, I want to move to live near the water! "Bamboo is also a plant with elegant and spiritual beauty, which has always been valued by ancient Chinese literati. Su Shi's "Yu Qian Monk Luyunxuan" spoke of the elegant beauty of bamboo to the extreme.

: "It is better to eat without meat than to live without bamboo. Without meat, one will be thin, while without bamboo, one will be vulgar. ..." Elevating the presence of bamboo and the absence of bamboo to the distinction between elegance and vulgarity can be said to be Su Shi's elegance and elegance in bamboo.

This is the greatest discovery and has been recognized by all later scholars. 1.3 Advocating for nature and pursuing the interests of nature. In ancient times, Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism all believed in the "unity of nature and man" and believed that humans should adopt an attitude of compliance and respect for nature.

Man must establish an intimate and harmonious relationship with nature. In particular, Taoism strongly advocates the natural beauty of heaven and earth, advocating that "man follows the earth, the earth follows heaven, and man takes heaven and earth as his law." "There is always something normal in the world. What is normal, there is nothing wrong with it."

To make things straight, do not use hooks; to make straight things, do not use ropes; to make round things, do not use rules; to make square things, do not use squares; to attach and separate things, do not use glue and paint..." ("Zhuangzi"). This idea reflected in the application of garden plants is to respect nature.

, Pursuing the natural beauty of nature, not only the plant materials are from natural sources, but also showing the natural appearance of the plants such as color, fragrance and appearance without pruning.