What are the on-site hemostatic methods?

There are five commonly used on-site hemostatic methods, the use of which should be based on the specific circumstances, choose one of them, you can also combine the application of several hemostatic methods in order to achieve the fastest, most effective and safest hemostatic purpose.

One, finger pressure artery hemostasis method

Applicable to certain parts of the head and limbs hemorrhage. The method is: using fingers to press the wound proximal artery, the artery will be pressed to the deep bone, blocking the blood flow. This is an easy and effective method of stopping bleeding without any instruments, but because of the short duration of stopping bleeding, it often needs to be combined with other methods.

1. Head and face acupressure artery hemostasis method.

(1) Shiatsu superficial artery is suitable for traumatic hemorrhage on one side of the head and forehead. In front of the ear on the injured side, use the thumb of one hand to press the superficial collateral artery against the mandibular joint, and the other hand to immobilize the injured person's head.

(2) Shiatsu facial artery for traumatic hemorrhage of the face. Use the thumb and forefinger or thumb and middle finger of one hand to press the depression of about 1 cm in front of the angle of the mandible bilaterally, respectively, to block the blood flow of the facial artery. Because the facial artery has many small branches that anastomose with each other in the face, it must be compressed bilaterally.

(3) Shiatsu of the posterior auricular artery is indicated for traumatic hemorrhage behind the ear on one side. Use the thumb of one hand to compress the depression under the mastoid process behind the ear on the injured side to block the blood flow of the posterior auricular artery, and the other hand to immobilize the head of the injured person.

(4) Shiatsu occipital artery is used for traumatic hemorrhage near the occipital bone at the back of the head on one side. Use the four fingers of one hand to press the depression between the back of the ear and the roughness of the occipital bone to block the blood flow of the occipital artery, and the other hand to immobilize the casualty's head.

2. The method of arterial hemostasis by acupressure of all four limbs.

(1)Shiatsu brachial artery is suitable for traumatic hemorrhage below the elbow joint on one side. Use the thumb of one hand to press the medial part of the middle of the upper arm to block the blood flow of the brachial artery, and the other hand to immobilize the casualty's arm.

(2) Finger pressure on the flexor and ulnar arteries is indicated for hemorrhage of the hand. Fingers respectively press the flexor and ulnar arteries on both sides of the wrist on the injured side to block the blood flow. Because the flexor and ulnar arteries have extensive co-branches in the palm of the hand, they must be compressed bilaterally at the same time.

(3) Finger (toe) artery compression for finger (toe) hemorrhage. The thumb and index finger are used to compress the finger (toe) arteries on each side of the finger (toe) to block the blood flow.

(4) Finger pressure on the femoral artery, applicable to hemorrhage on one side of the lower limb. Use the thumbs of both hands to forcefully compress the femoral artery slightly below the midpoint of the groin of the injured limb, blocking the blood flow of the femoral artery. The casualty should be in a seated or prone position.

(5) Shiatsu on the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery for hemorrhage on one side of the foot. Compress the dorsalis pedis artery, which pulsates in the middle of the dorsum of the foot of the injured foot, and the posterior tibial artery, which is between the heel and the inner ankle, with the thumbs and forefingers of each hand.

Two, direct compression to stop bleeding method

Applicable to bleeding from smaller wounds. The method is: use sterile gauze to press directly on the wound, and press for about 10 minutes.

Three, pressure pack hemostasis method

Applicable to a variety of wounds. The method is: first use sterile gauze to cover the compression wound, and then use a triangle towel or bandage force bandage, the bandage range should be slightly larger than the wound. This is one of the most commonly used methods to stop bleeding, in the absence of sterile gauze, you can use sterilized sanitary napkins or napkins, etc. instead.

Four, filling hemostasis method

Applicable to larger and deeper wounds. The method is: first use tweezers to clip the sterile gauze into the wound, such as a piece of gauze can not stop the bleeding, you can add gauze, and finally bandage or triangular towel around to the opposite side of the bandage fixed.

Fifth, tourniquet hemostasis method

Tourniquet hemostasis method applies to limb hemorrhage, other hemostatic method can not stop bleeding only with this method. Tourniquet rubber tourniquet (rubber strip and rubber band), gas tourniquet (such as sphygmomanometer cuff) and cloth tourniquet. Their methods of operation vary.

1. Rubber tourniquet. The left hand is about 10 centimeters away from the end of the band by the thumb, index finger and middle finger grip, so that the back of the hand down on the site of the tourniquet, the right hand holding the band around the injured limb in a circle and a half, and then the tourniquet stuffed into the left hand between the index finger and the middle finger, the left hand's index finger and the middle finger tightly clamped a section of the tourniquet downward pulling, so as to make it a live knot.

2. Pneumatic tourniquet. Often use sphygmomanometer cuff, the operation method is relatively simple, as long as the cuff around the site of the tourniquet, and then pumping until the wound stops bleeding.

(1) site. Upper arm trauma hemorrhage should be tied in the upper arm on the 1 / 3; forearm or hand hemorrhage should be tied in the upper arm under the place, can not be tied in the upper arm of the middle 1 / 3, because the place of the nerve course close to the humerus, easy to be damaged; lower limb trauma hemorrhage should be tied in the femur in the lower 1 / 3 junction.

(2) padding. The site where the tourniquet is used should be padded, otherwise it will damage the skin. The tourniquet can be tied around the outside of the clothing, using the clothing as a liner.

(3) Tightness. It should be appropriate to stop bleeding and feel no pulse at the distal end. Too loose to achieve the purpose of stopping bleeding, too tight will damage the tissue.

(4) Time. Generally should not exceed 5 hours, in principle, every hour to relax 1 time, relaxation time for 10 to 15 minutes.

(5) Marking use. The use of tourniquet should be clearly marked, can be affixed to the forehead or chest easy to find parts, write down the time. If immediately sent to the hospital, can not write mark.

3. Cloth tourniquet. Fold the tricot into a band or other cloth tape around the injured limb in a circle, make a bow; take a small rod through the cloth tape circle, lift the rod and pull it tight, twist the rod in a clockwise direction, insert the end of the twisted rod into the bow ring, and finally tighten the live knot, and tie a knot with the other end to fix it.

Don't ligate with the bandage for a long time, you should relax for 10-15 minutes every hour or so to prevent ischemic necrosis of the limb at the through end.

In the afternoon of December 20, 2006, a woman in her 30s took a cab. Careful cab driver Mr. Wang suddenly found that the female passenger's hands and wrists each have a sharp cut wound, blood flow. Seeing this, he used his hand to press the wound to help the woman stop bleeding, while quickly calling the police.

Public security officers received the report, quickly notified the 120 emergency center. 120 emergency doctors rushed to the scene, quickly rushed up to rescue. After the doctor's examination found that the woman's hands wrist wound length of 3 to 5 centimeters, accompanied by active bleeding. Fortunately, due to stop bleeding in time, the woman is not life-threatening.

Mastering the simple technique of stopping bleeding is not only beneficial to oneself, but also able to help others.