Why do Jews distinguish their descendants by maternal line?

Jews use matriarchal as the standard to determine their descendants, which is due to special reasons in history.

In the past special times, a large number of men died. At the same time, in the era without paternity testing technology, men could not be 1% sure that their children were their own. Therefore, the definition of "who is Jewish" was added to the definition of "who is Jewish". In other words, if the mother is Jewish, then no matter who the father is, her children will be considered Jewish. This is because Jews believe that women are more loyal and will not marry foreign men, so their children must have Jewish blood. Men may marry foreign women, so their children may not have pure Jewish blood.

Therefore, Jews adopt the criteria of matrilineal inheritance to determine descendants' identity.