What does the so-called "ping" in poetry mean?

Flat tone is the tone of words used in China's poems. "Flat" is straight, and "flat" is tortuous.

The so-called flat tone refers to the level of yin and the level of yang (the first and second tones) in Chinese pinyin tones.

The so-called disyllabic tone is the disyllabic tone and falling tone (the third and fourth tones) in Chinese phonetic alphabet.

According to the rhyming books revised from Sui Dynasty to Song Dynasty, such as Qieyun and Guang Yun, there are four tones in Middle Chinese, which are called Ping, Shang, Qu and Ru. Except for the flat tone, the other three tones have high and low changes, so they are collectively called Legato.

There is a certain format in the use of flat and even words in poetry, which is called meter. Pingsheng and Silence refer to the poetic rhythm composed of Pingsheng. Flat tone is an attempt to dualize the four tones. Four tones are four tones in ancient Chinese. Tone refers to the level, fluctuation and length of sound. On the basis of four tones, the flat tone is summarized through incomplete induction. Flat refers to straight, flat refers to twists and turns.

Up, down, in tune, the rest are flat.

The entering tone of Putonghua disappears, and the entering tone is classified as that the upper tone and the lower tone are in oblique tone and the upper tone is in oblique tone, which leads to errors in judging the horizontal tone of poetry in Putonghua.

remove doubts and misgivings

Knowing what four tones are, it is easy to understand the flat tone. Flat tone is a term of poetic meter: poets divide four tones into two categories, flat tone is flat tone, and flat tone is three tones. Well, literally, it means uneven. What makes it possible to divide it into two categories? Because the flat sound does not rise or fall, it is long, while the other three sounds do rise or fall (the incoming sound may also slightly rise or fall), and it is short, so it forms two types. If these two tones are interlaced in poetry, they will make the tones diversified instead of monotonous. The ancients called it "sonorous voice". Although there are many stresses, uniformity and harmony is an important factor.

How are the flat lines in poetry staggered? We can sum it up in two sentences:

(1) even lines appear alternately in this sentence;

⑵ Flat lines and even lines are opposites in the dialogue. This kind of flat and even rule is particularly obvious in metrical poems.

For example, the fifth and sixth sentences of Chairman Mao's poem "The Long March" say: Jinsha River is warm in the clouds and cliffs, while Dadu Bridge is cold on the crossbar.

These two poems are flat: flat | flat | flat | flat | flat | flat | flat | flat | flat | flat | flat | flat | flat | flat | flat. As far as this sentence is concerned, every word has a rhythm. Pingping's sentence is followed by Xu Wei, followed by Pingping, and the last one is Xu Wei. When you start a sentence, it is flat, followed by flat, and finally flat. This is alternation. As far as sentences are concerned, "Jinsha" is flat to "Dadu", "Shuipai" is flat to "Qiaodu", flat to flat, and "Yunya" is flat to "Tiesuo" and "Warm". This is opposition.

Regarding the rules of poetry, we will discuss them in detail from the following aspects: the rules of poetry, the rules of poetry. Let's talk about how to distinguish flatness. If your dialect has tones, then the problem will be solved easily. In those dialects with entering tones, there are more than four tones, not only yin and yang, but also yin and yang. Like Guangzhou Rusheng, it can be divided into three categories. It's all easy to do: just combine them, for example, combine the level tone and the level tone into a flat tone, and combine the above-yin, above-yang, out-yin, out-yang, in-yin and in-yang into a flat tone.

for instance

For example, the word "rain" is the third sound in "heavy rain falls on the secluded swallow", so it is dull, and the word "secluded" is the first sound, so it is flat.

In ancient poetry (except ancient style), five words and seven words are based on flat and even words, that is, "No matter what 135 words are, 246 words are clear." For example, the phrase "always cares about the world, and he has been sincere for two generations", as long as we consider the levelness of the words "Gu", "Fan", "Xia", "Chao", "Ji" and "Chen", we should leave the rest alone. The so-called parallel and flat phase separation means parallel and flat phase separation. For example, ancient and summer are two flat tones, separated by a flat tone, while Chao and Chen are flat tones, separated by a flat tone.

According to different genres, the level tone can be divided into two types: A and B. The following is mainly expressed by metrical poems (below, the level tone is ○, and the level tone is ●).

Type A: Yuan Zhen The Journey to the West, seven-character quatrains.

Staying on the river for five years will damage your appearance.

Today, the spring breeze came to Wu Wu. ● ○ ●

Paper books are read by water.

Momo is all flowers and trees. ○ ● ○

Type B: Du Fu's "Serving the Lord in Nine Days", a seven-character poem.

Old and sad, strong and generous, ●

Come on, have fun today. ○ ? ● ○

It's a shame to blow your hair short and your hat big. ● ○

Laughing at others is the crown. ● ? ○ ●

Blue water falls from thousands of streams. ○ ●

Jade Mountain is high, and two peaks are cold. ○ ? ● ○

Who will be healthy at this meeting next year? ● ○

Look at dogwood carefully when you are drunk. ● ? ○ ●

A-type five-character quatrains follow A-type five-character quatrains, five laws and seven laws, and B-type seven-character quatrains, five laws and five laws. I won't list them one by one below.

There are also flat words, but each epigraph has a fixed epigraph. For example, "Langtaosha" and "Butterfly Lovers" have different levels and levels, and the number of words is also different. When writing lyrics, you'd better take standard characters as profile photos.

In addition, poetry also has rich artistic (expressive) skills, such as grasping, describing and expressing expressions and emotions. Expressions include metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, metonymy, rhetorical questions, irony, pun, intertextuality and allusions.

Artistic (expressive) skills need to be elaborated. China's poetry culture has a long history and is profound. Let's talk about it and discuss it with others.

reference data

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