How to identify visual disability

Visual disability refers to the impairment or narrowing of binocular vision due to various reasons, making it difficult to engage in work, study or other activities that normal people can engage in.

Visual disability includes blindness and low vision.

Second, the classification of visual disability

(1) blindness

First-degree blindness: the best corrected vision of a good eye is less than 0.02; Or the visual field radius is less than 5 degrees.

Secondary blindness: the best corrected visual acuity of good eyes is equal to or better than 0.02, but lower than 0.05; Or the visual field radius is less than 10 degree.

(2) Poor eyesight

First-class low vision: the best corrected vision of good eyes is equal to or better than 0.05, but lower than 0. 1.

Secondary low vision: the best corrected vision of good eyes is equal to or better than 0. 1, but lower than 0.3.

The list is as follows:

Category-level best corrected vision

Blind first-degree blindness < 0.02 ~ no light perception; Or the visual field radius is less than 5.

Secondary blindness < 0.05 ~ 0.02; Or visual field radius < 10.

Low vision 1 class low vision < 0. 1 ~ 0.05

Secondary low vision < 0.3 ~ 0. 1

Note: (1) Blindness or low vision refers to both eyes; If the eyesight of both eyes is different, the one with better eyesight shall prevail.

(2) If only one eye is blind or has poor vision, and the vision of the other eye reaches or is better than 0.3, it does not belong to the scope of visual disability.

(3) The best corrected visual acuity refers to the best visual acuity that can be corrected with appropriate lenses or the visual acuity measured with a pinhole mirror.

Hearing language disability standard

First, the definition of hearing language disability

Hearing disability refers to hearing loss or hearing impairment in both ears due to various reasons, and the inability to hear or hear the sound of the surrounding environment; Language disability refers to the inability to speak or language barriers caused by various reasons. Therefore, it is difficult to have normal language communication activities with ordinary people.

Hearing and language disabilities include: (1) complete loss of hearing and language functions (both deaf and dumb); (two) hearing loss and can speak or enunciate unclear (deaf but not dumb); (3) Simple language barriers, including aphasia, aphonia, slurred speech or severe stuttering.

Hearing disability can be divided into deafness and hard of hearing.

Second, the classification of hearing and language disabilities

(1) deafness

First-degree deafness: the average hearing loss of language frequency is greater than 9 1 decibel (decibel, the same as hearing level).

Secondary deafness: the average hearing loss of language frequency is greater than 7 1 db, equal to or less than 90 db.

(2) Hard of hearing

First-class hard of hearing: the average hearing loss of language frequency is greater than 56 decibels, equal to or less than 70 decibels.

Secondary hard of hearing: the average hearing loss of language frequency is greater than 4 1 db, equal to or less than 55 db.

The list is as follows:

Degree of hearing loss at category level

First degree deafness > > 9 1dB

Secondary deafness 90 ~ 7 1dB

Hard of hearing 1 level hard of hearing 70 ~ 56dB

Second degree of hard of hearing 55 ~ 4 1dB

(3) Simple language disability, regardless of grade.

Note: (1) The above-mentioned "average hearing loss of language frequency" refers to the average of language frequency 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz.

(2) Deafness and hard of hearing refer to both ears; If the degree of hearing loss in both ears is different, the ear with mild hearing loss shall prevail.

(three) hearing loss in one ear or hearing difficulties, and hearing loss in the other ear is equal to or less than 40 decibels, which is not within the scope of hearing disability.

Mental disability standard

I. Definition of intellectual disability

Intellectual disability refers to the fact that people's intellectual activity ability is obviously lower than the average person's level, and shows obstacles to adaptive behavior.

Intellectual disability includes: mental retardation or mental retardation caused by various harmful factors in the process of intellectual development (18 years old); After the intellectual development is mature, it is obvious that various harmful factors cause intellectual damage or mental decline in old age.

Second, the classification of intellectual disability

In order to compare with international data, according to the classification standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Association for Mental Retardation (AAMD), the grades of mental disability were classified according to intelligence quotient (IQ) and social adaptive behavior.

(1) first-degree mental disability (extremely severe): IQ value is below 20 or 25. The adaptive behavior is very poor, and the face is obviously dull; All life needs the care of others; Motor sensory function is extremely poor, such as through training, only in the lower limbs, hands, chin movement.

(2) Secondary mental disability (severe): IQ is between 20 and 35 or 25 and 40. Poor adaptive behavior; Life ability is difficult to take care of itself even after training, and it still needs the care of others; Sports and language development are poor, and the ability to communicate with people is also poor.

(3) Third-degree mental disability (moderate): IQ is between 35 and 50 or 40 and 55. Incomplete adaptive behavior; Incomplete practical skills, such as self-care ability, can do simple housework; Have preliminary knowledge of health and safety, but poor reading and computing skills; Poor ability to distinguish the surrounding environment, able to communicate with people simply.

(4) Grade IV mental disability (mild): IQ is between 50 and 70 or 55 and 75. Adaptive behavior is lower than the average person's level; Have considerable practical skills, such as self-care, can undertake general housework or work, but lack skills and creativity; Generally can adapt to the society under the guidance; After special education, you can acquire certain reading and computing skills; Have a good ability to distinguish the surrounding environment and communicate with people properly.

The list is as follows:

Adaptability of IQ value between grade division and average level difference

First-degree mental disability is extremely severe ≥5.0 1 20 or extremely severe adaptation defect below 25.

Secondary mental disability is severe 4.0 1 ~ 5, 20 ~ 35, and severe adaptation defect or 25 ~ 40.

The third-grade mental disability is moderate 3.0 1 ~ 435 ~ 50, and the moderate adaptation defect is 40 ~ 55.

The fourth-grade mental disability is mild 2.0 1 ~ 3 50 ~ 70 mild adaptation defect or 55 ~ 75.

Note: (1) Mental retardation (MR) according to the diagnostic criteria of the American Association for Mental Retardation 1983: 1, the intelligence is obviously lower than the average level, and the IQ is lower than two standard deviations of the population average, that is, lower than 70 and 75; 2. Insufficient adaptive behavior (including life and social responsibility); 3. The age is below 18.

(2) Intelligence quotient (IQ) refers to the ratio of intelligence age to actual age measured by some intelligence scale, that is IQ = (intelligence age/actual age) × 100. Different intelligence measurement methods have different IQ values; But the main basis of diagnosis is social adaptive behavior.

Physical disability standard

I. Definition of physical disability

Limb disability refers to the disability of limbs or paralysis and deformity of limbs and trunk, which leads to different degrees of functional loss or dysfunction of human motor system.

Limb disability includes: (1) amputation or congenital malformation of upper or lower limbs due to trauma or pathological changes; (2) Deformity or dysfunction of upper limbs or lower limbs due to trauma, pathological changes or abnormal development; (3) Spinal deformity or dysfunction caused by trauma, pathological changes or abnormal development; (4) Trunk or limb dysfunction caused by trauma, pathological changes or abnormal development of central and peripheral nerves.

Second, the classification of physical disabilities

Considering several kinds of disabilities in the human movement system, the level of disabled parts and the degree of dysfunction, the level of physical disability is mainly divided into dysfunction.

Physical disability:

1, quadriplegia: paraplegia of both lower limbs, lack of autonomous mobility of both hip joints; Hemiplegia, complete loss of unilateral limb function.

2. Amputation in different parts of limbs or congenital limb loss; Amputation or limb loss of single whole arm (or whole leg) and double calves (or forearms); Amputation or amputation of both upper arms and one thigh (or calf); Amputation or amputation of both arms (or legs).

3. Extreme dysfunction of both upper limbs; Severe dysfunction of three limbs.

(2) Secondary physical disability:

1, hemiplegia or paraplegia of both lower limbs, and the residual limb only retains a little function.

2, double upper limbs (upper arm or forearm) or double thigh amputation or limb loss; Amputation or amputation of a single whole leg (or arm) and a single upper arm (or thigh); Three limbs were amputated or missing in different parts.

3. Severe dysfunction of both limbs; Moderate dysfunction of three limbs.

(3) tertiary physical disability:

1, amputation or amputation of both legs; The forearm, thigh and its upper part have a limb amputated or missing.

2. Severe dysfunction in one limb and moderate dysfunction in both limbs.

3. Both thumbs are accompanied by index finger (or middle finger) defect.

(4) Grade IV physical disability:

1, one leg amputation or limb amputation.

2. Moderate dysfunction of one limb; Mild dysfunction of both limbs.

3. Stiffness of spine (including cervical vertebra); The hunchback deformity is greater than 70 degrees; Scoliosis is greater than 45 degrees.

4. Both lower limbs are unequal in length and the gap is greater than 5 cm.

5. Unilateral thumb with index finger (or middle finger) defect; Keep the thumb on one side and amputate or defect the other four fingers.

Note: The following situations do not belong to the scope of physical disability:

(1) Keep the thumb and forefinger (or middle finger) and lose the other three fingers.

(2) lose the first half of the foot while retaining the heel.

(three) the lower limbs are not equal in length, and the gap is less than 5 cm.

(4) The hunchback is less than 70 degrees or the scoliosis is less than 45 degrees.

Attachment: Overall Functional Assessment of Physically Disabled Persons

From the perspective of the disabled as a whole, their different abilities to realize activities of daily living (ADL) are evaluated without rehabilitation measures.

Daily life activities are divided into eight items, namely: sitting, standing, walking, wearing, washing, eating, urinating and writing. Can reach a point; Difficult to achieve, calculate 0.5 points; If the score can't reach 0, it is divided into four grades, which are listed as follows:

Grade and degree scores

First-degree physical disability can't realize activities of daily living at all 0 ~ 2.

Grade 2 physical disability can hardly achieve grade 3-4 activities of daily living.

Third-degree physical disability, can partially realize activities of daily living 5 ~ 6.

Level 4 physical disability can basically achieve level 7 ~ 8 activities of daily living.

Mental disability standard

I. Definition of mental disability

Mental disability refers to mental patients who have not recovered for more than one year, which affects their social skills and makes their family and social functions appear different degrees of disorder and obstacles.

Mental disability includes: (1) mental disorder with brain organic and somatic diseases; (two) toxic mental disorders, including drug and alcohol dependence; (3) schizophrenia; (four) emotional, paranoid, reactive, schizophrenic mood, periodic mental illness and other disabilities.

Second, the classification of mental disability

In order to compare with international data, according to the scores of ten questions listed in the social disability screening table provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), the mental disability level is divided.

(1) First-degree mental disability (extremely severe): Three or more of the ten questions in the Social Disability Screening Form were rated as "2 points".

(2) Secondary mental disability (severe): Of the ten questions in the Social Disability Screening Form, two were rated as "2 points".

(3) Grade III mental disability (moderate): Only one of the ten questions in the social disability screening form was rated as "2 points".

(4) Grade IV mental disability (mild): Two or more of the ten questions in the Social Disability Screening Form were rated as "1".

Note: (1) Mental patients who have been ill for less than one year do not belong to the scope of mental disability.

(2) Of the ten questions in the social function defect screening form, only one question is scored as "1" or all questions are scored as "0", which is not within the scope of mental disability.