Contributions and Achievements of the Famous Calligrapher Liu Gongquan

Regular Script is a form of calligraphic script in China, and the most famous Regular Script calligrapher in China's history is Liu Gongquan. His Regular Script has an important historical position in China. So, how much do you know about Liu Gongquan's contributions and achievements? Here are the contributions and achievements of Liu Gongquan that I have organized for you, I hope it can help you.

Liu Gongquan's lifetime achievement of regular script

Liu Gongquan is the summarizer and innovator of the regular script, he studied and inherited the style of Zhong Yao, Wang Xizhi and others based on the style of the regular script, read modern calligraphy, study Yan Zhenqing, dissolve their own new ideas, and create their own unique style? Liu Style The Regular Script, which has been the model for the next hundred generations, has become the "Tang Book Shangfa". It became one of the most prominent representatives of Tang Calligraphy. It became one of the prominent representatives of the Tang Dynasty.

His characters are even and balanced, thin and hard, chasing the Wei Bei chopping iron potential, point and drawings of the sharp and showy, strong bones, tightly knotted. His Regular Script, compared to the Yan Style, is slightly even and thin, so there is? Yan and Liu were the most important calligraphic styles. The name.

Liu Gongquan's reputation has grown since the Yuanhe years of the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty especially treasured Liu Gongquan's ink treasure, had called Liu Gongquan to the front of the temple, by the army to make the Ximen Jixuan holding the ink stone, the Privy Councilor Cui Juyuan holding the pen, Liu Gongquan with a real book on a piece of paper wrote? Mrs. Wei passed brushwork to Wang Youjun? Ten characters; with the running script on a piece of paper, he wrote? Yongzen Temple, the real grass thousands of characters to get the family method? Eleven characters; in cursive script on a piece of paper? Predicate auxiliaries are not the same as the others? Eight characters. Emperor Xuanzong rewarded him with silverware and bottles and plates. He also asked him to write his own thank-you note, regardless of the real book, cursive.

At that time, the family of ministers and ministers for the deceased monument, if you do not get Liu Gongquan's handwritten inscription, people will think it is an unfilial behavior. And Liu Gongquan reputation spread far and wide overseas, foreign barbarians into the tribute, are specially prepared to buy Liu Gongquan calligraphy money. Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty once praised his calligraphy as being superior even to the regeneration of Zhong Yao and Wang Xizhi.

Today's people learn calligraphy to start, still preferred the Tang Dynasty Yan, Liu, Ou, Chu, Yu and other calligraphers, especially Liu Gongquan established a set of norms of the regular script, today is still a model for people to learn. Liu Gongquan made an outstanding contribution to the reform and development of the art of calligraphy, summarizing the development of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty and laying the foundation for the development of the entire Regular Script.

The Cultural Spirit of Liu Gongquan

Someone said, "You are writing a biography of Liu Zongyuan. I think it's a good idea for us to read more of Liu Zongyuan's poems in the book, but in the genealogy, Liu Zongyuan called Liu Gongquan his uncle, a number of generations apart, not out of the five services. Liu Zongyuan's ancestor in the early Tang Dynasty had achieved the prime minister, Wu Zetian when because of the wrong side, the charge is to engage in conspiracy to sentence chaos, was relegated to the south of a place called Ai Zhou, that is, is now Vietnam's Chiang Mai, and finally let the people to kill. After how many Liu's ancestors can not turn over, until the hands of his grandfather, in our Yao County as a county official, than the glorious ancestors in the interval of more than a hundred years, and the prime minister of the world. Liu Zongyuan was not easy to get into the court, but because of Liu Liu innovation was relegated to Liuzhou, at that time also forty or fifty years old. Liu Gongquan began his career is not good, the older the more valuable, but also lived eighty-eight years old, this person is in the officialdom how to mix over? Character is fate, need to explore his character. He served seven or eight generations of emperors, as the service of the book Lang also, the living room Lang also, is not away from the left and right. The emperor was like a walking lantern, he was still him. That is to say, he did not participate in those personnel entanglements, intrigues, hooks and corners, just to teach the word, write the edict, do not gossip. But at the same time also a little cowardly, he also participated in the petition, give the emperor advice, after those who exiled the exile, dead, killed, he backed down. As a right gleaner, that is, a gleaner to fill a vacancy, as a counselor, to give the emperor ideas. Some of the gleaners in order to advise the emperor not to enjoy, the old emperor is still the corpse is not cold, the new emperor is going to take a group of courtesans to Mount Li to play. Right gleaner Liu Gongquan and a few counselors advised the emperor not to go, blocking the car, there is a counselor lying down to that kowtow, head are knocking the blood. The emperor asked him to pull him away and let him kowtow on the side. Liu Gongquan look, encountered such an emperor, to no avail, knowingly do not say, inner have their own cultural position, of course, can also be called self-preservation. But he absolutely does not do the kind of thing that you bring me down, I bring you down, today you came up to exile him, he came up tomorrow to exile you, you killed him, the latter killed you. Liu Gongquan is an introverted person, never involved in these things, so he may live to eighty-eight years old, keep the righteousness, the older the more valuable. Of course, the career is also a bowl of rice, thousands of miles to be an official are for rice and grain, just a way of life, to play life to the most reliable one. In the rules of this game, he felt not so pleased when he had to dive into the sea of calligraphy, and finally made epoch-making cultural contributions.

Liu Jia Yuan is a place I've carefully visited, north of Huayuan County. According to the Ming Dynasty "Yaozhou Zhi", the name "Huayuan" existed for more than 300 years, then it was called "Maozhou", and then it was changed to "Yaoxian", and it continues to this day. Liujiayuan is surrounded by ditches on three sides, with only one display leading out. See Mi Yuezhuan is this way, from Qin until Sui and Tang dynasties, the northern nomads are very powerful, there are wide grasslands, can be in one night from Yinchuan that place, thousands of tens of thousands of horses unknowingly south, it broke into Chang'an city. They don't want to live here, don't want this place, just grab some grain, cloth, beautiful women, the wine and beautiful women a pack, to the horse with the north. Why did the Qin Dynasty build the Great Wall? It was a strategic need to defend against the nomads, and then the nomadic tribes slowly integrated into the culture of the Central Plains. Liu Gongquan ancestor to Liu Jia Yuan this place, the terrain is a man who is not open, coupled with the proximity of the official road, the path has been to the ditch on the road to the end of the road, hidden in the thousands of ravines, is relatively safe. Dada is into the dynasty as an official, poor is to retreat to the field, developed to do the official, do not do the official will go home to planting, this is the traditional Chinese culture of a life path choice. So, as Liu Jia Yuan, is a place of cultivation and study of the family, the children read well to the court to do the official to do even better ultimately have to come back to bury the bones here. Can not do the official then planting, to the state grain, eat and drink enough, the world for the good of the farmers. Do most of the life of the official back to the countryside, the past childhood playmates family life is also very good, with children and women, kiln clean, have food and drink, live a little older. Some people in the outside world to make a big thing, go back to those who do not recognize you, in the head to get what mile, look at that goat style. Value standards are not the same, you think you are better than ordinary people, have the right to money, but if you do not get it right, head off, into the cage, farmers planted the land, the royal grain will be fine. We will often talk about, the release of armor to return to the field of an old man returned home in honor, living in a post, this side of the young boy is ready to go to the capital to take the examination, said you wa forget it, go back to planting is also a lifetime, people say you are outside the circle, the official when you have enough to come back. Life experience and realization, from the realm is not the same. Hua Yuan Liu, that is, before and after the continuation of five hundred years, and now Liu family of the original surname Liu where to go? Go out to be an official not to come back, the Liu family is like dandelion seeds sprinkled all over the North Jiangnan. Including the present Lantian, also said that there is Liu Gongquan tomb and former residence, may be his descendants migrated there, or Liu Gongquan has a nephew and grandson there as a lieutenant, the descendants will be in that place. Just like Sun Simiao's Sun family originally did not have the surname Sun, Sima Qian's hometown also did not have the surname Sima, with the surname Feng, with the surname, political fear of Sima Qian's involvement, the separation of the Sima, the word "horse" plus two dots with the surname Feng, the word "Si" plus a vertical with the same surname. Wind and water turn, thirty years east of the river thirty years west of the river, the whole of a Liu family can not escape the times of the wind and clouds of the baptism.

Liu Zongyuan's father, Liu Zhen, won the baccalaureate, and worked as a lieutenant in Huayuan. Scholarship is hard to win, maybe one in a thousand acceptance rate, same as Peking University and Tsinghua University. When I was writing Liu Gongquan's biography, I went through the historical materials of Huayuan in the past 100 years to find out who had been magistrates here, the merits and demerits of these people, and to trace the secrets of the cultural region and the cultural environment, and to investigate what would have influenced Liu Gongquan's personality or culture from his early childhood to the old age around him. At that time, there was a magistrate surnamed Lu, who offended a fellow villager surnamed Qi because of official business, and he rebuked this narrow-minded subordinate and was framed by design. After reviewing the case, the magistrate was found to have committed some irregularities and should be removed from office and sentenced to death. When Zhang Yi, the judge of the court, received the petition of Lu Magistrate, he was a bit indignant and told his mother that according to the truth, Lu Magistrate could be spared from death, but as a judge, he was also responsible for it, and he might be demoted, which would bring worries to his mother, so what can he do to make you feel at ease? The mother said, "My son, if you don't fail to fulfill your moral obligation, I will be relieved. Afterwards, the judge Zhang Yi mitigated the punishment of the magistrate and banished him, while Zhang Yi was also relegated to the position of a military officer in Fuzhou for his faults, and was known for his filial piety after his mother's death. After his mother's death, Zhang Yi was known for his filial piety. Later, Zhang Yi was promoted to the rank of Pingzhangshi (平章事), the equivalent of a prime minister, because of his integrity. This incident had an impact on the young Liu Gongquan, and it was the cultural environment that influenced his judgment of things. Another magistrate of Huayuan, Gu Careless, also got into trouble with a lawsuit, which involved the then chancellor Yuan Zai, whose son, Yuan Bo, won the case instead of doing anything wrong. Gu's luck was not as good as Lu's, and he was exiled to a foreign land with less help from his friends. It was not unrewarded, but the time had not yet come. In the thirteenth year of Tang Dynasty Emperor Dali, Yuan Zai was killed by the court for corruption. At that time, Liu Gongchuo was twelve or thirteen years old, and Liu Gongquan was still young. What they heard around them about career, politics, and human affairs had an impact on the Liu brothers' understanding of society and life. The children of the capital city and the city of Chang'an, and the central court of the Tang dynasty has a kind of human connections, and one of the most influential people on Liu Gongquan and Liu Gongchuo is Wu Yuanheng, a person who the Liu brothers admired in their teenage years. Wu Yuanheng was the great-nephew grandson of Wu Zetian, a scholar at the time, and a magistrate in Huayuan. When Wu Yuanheng won the Scholarship, Liu Gongquan was only six years old, and of course Liu Gongquan won the Scholarship more than twenty years later. On his long career path, Wu Yuanheng had the greatest influence on Liu Gongquan. After Wu Yuanheng won the Scholarship, he worked as a supervisor in the central government, and then changed to be the magistrate of Huayuan County. However, soon after he arrived at his post, he claimed to be sick and left the county because the county was difficult to cure. He saw that the county is difficult to govern, too close to the central authority, personnel complexity, so he pretended to be sick back to Chang'an City. It can be seen that the place of Huayuan is a hard place, and it is very difficult to be an official. When Wu Yuanheng left his post, he wrote a song "Autumn Huayuan South Pavilion Farewell Two Guests", which was included in the "All-Tang Poetry", and it reads: ? The wind enters the Mudyang Pond Pavilion in the fall, and it is difficult to keep the two lonely cranes in a piece of cloud? Mudyang is also an alias, that is, in the fall, the autumn winds, Mudyang such a hotel, the sky floating a cloud, there are lonely wild crane, who can stay in the clouds ah, you look at it for a while on the disappeared, indicating that this is not the place where I stayed. Tomorrow alone to the green mountain Guo, but the sound of cicadas urge white head? By tomorrow, I will be alone facing the green hills and countryside, with the sound of cicadas in autumn, and my head will be whitened by the passing of spring and autumn, which is a lament for the time. When Wu Yuanheng arrived at the central government, he was so talented that he was promoted three times in a row within a year, and Emperor Tang Dezong sighed and said: ? This person really has the talent of the prime minister? Wu Zetian, wordless monument, feminism, China before and after a female emperor, can not go one-sided understanding of a historical figure. Wu Yuanheng was a descendant of the Wu family, and his true talents contributed to the Tang Dynasty. Wu Yuanheng later became a close friend of the Liu family and had a deep friendship. Later, because of the struggle between the court and the local sectarian forces, he belonged to the side of strengthening the centralized system of power and offended the local sectarian forces, and one day when he was at court, he was assassinated by arrows suddenly shot through the woods by the roadside. The bureaucracy arrested the assassin and sentenced him to death, but the real backstage was in Yan, and he was not prosecuted. Bai Juyi appealed to the court and expressed his dissatisfaction, but due to the difference in political affiliation and interests, Bai Juyi was relegated to the position of Secretary of Jiangzhou after he interfered in a case that did not fall within his purview. In this, Liu Gongquan got what career and life fate lessons?

Liu Gongquan grew up writing, in the old and new "Book of Tang" of the "Liu Gongquan biography", he was able to catch the pen to write at a young age, involved in the national poetry and literature very early. There are also some folk legends that have been passed down by word of mouth for thousands of years and represent a wish of the people. There is a legend that Liu Gongquan's father taught his son to write, is writing to see people, and the village children outside to play horseback riding and fighting. Liu Gongquan more cowardly, people strong partner riding on him, he four hoof stirrups to carry people. His father said, "Why did you raise such a worthless son, so I called him back to write. The son said, you crawl like a dog to let others ride on the body, no interest, lose my people, write properly, I first teach you how to write the word people. His father took a sword from the study, and then took a knife, and put it on the bookcase. The sword is the first stroke, the knife is the second stroke, and the writing of man is a sword and a knife. The living person's sword and the dead person's knife are sharp and powerful, as if they were carved out of stone. So finally Liu Gongquan's words why there are bones, a stroke, write his personality and spiritual realm. He grew up with the education, is to write the word well, not just write a Chinese character of the word, but to write a personality of the word, the people live upright, stand up straight, do not get down, do not see people nodding and bowing like a lapdog. To self-esteem, self-reliance, self-improvement and self-reliance, all things pander to the top is bound to bully the bottom, this kind of people you stay away, not serious people, not good people. After that, Liu Gongquan grew into a man with backbone.

Folklore, later Liu Gongquan writing a good word, in the village to see whose word is good. Come over an old man selling bean curd brain, Liu Gongquan a little proud, old uncle you evaluate how well I write this word? The old man said, "I am a seller of bean curd brains how do I know how well you write, but in my opinion, your word is the same as my bean curd brains, soft skin collapsed water. The old man picked the tofu brain away, said people with their feet are better than you write. He said he could write with his feet better than you. Liu Gongquan heard, this old man why scold me? The old man said, you go to Huayuan City to take a look and you will understand. Liu Gongquan believed that there are people who write better than me with their feet, I have to go and see. This let his mother branded some pot helmets, more than 40 miles to the city of Huayuan, which is now the city of Yaoxian, the confluence of the Chihuahua River, boat-shaped. Though the buildings on the ground have changed over the millennia, the geography doesn't change, the land never does. He went from West Street to East Street, and finally saw a bunch of people gathered under a tree, an old man writing miles there. The people around him shouted, and the flag hanging on the wall read ? The man's last name was Tang, and he had no arms. The man's name was Tang, and he had lost both arms, so he was indeed writing with his feet. Now in Xi'an, you can also see people writing with their feet, using their toes to hold the pen, their feet are better than their hands. Because in order to eat a bowl of rice, he must have the means to make a living, so he uses ten thousand times more kung fu than ordinary people. Liu Gongquan also grew up looking at Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing's words, a look at this old man's words are indeed better than their own writing, so he worshiped the word painting soup as a teacher, to follow this old man to learn the word. This is the power of folk culture. He later thought, we have arms and legs of the able-bodied people, can not compare to a foot writing people, like the rural people say, then you do not die you still live what people? It is also a kind of backbone. Liu Gongquan went back, like the legend of how much ink he wrote surprisingly, the flooded pool also stained black, that is indeed under the hard work.

Now write the word good people, perhaps the Sacred Preface, Lanting Preface Pro 300 times, some people have not even three times Pro, usually do not take the pen, the occasional opportunity to poke at the paper Hu, which is also called calligraphers? Don't waste this line of work. Quietly in the house to practice, the famous post on hundreds of times, you write out the word may be a bit like. Including calligraphy, any literary, cultural things, there is an agreed aesthetic experience, Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Mi Fu is so written, you write the word is wild, no rules, or in the post can not be found in the writing of your word, you say that is individuality, self-appreciation, that only you recognize, or flatter you have the right to recognize the rich, on the word can only be a dog word. Writing is an elegant thing, if some like boxing arms and legs, take the hair, fingers and even genital writing, left-handed writing, upside down writing, trick miles. Liu Gongquan heart is right pen is right, hand wash, sit end, sitting upright, pick up the pen, center pen, write properly, and then dare not fool around. As for what the Calligraphers Association what chairman what director a whole lot of titles, or with which celebrities intersect, you have no use for yourself. There is no fear of calligraphy, did not put effort to, in the end, busy work for nothing. Liu Gongquan biography of the publication of the symposium, Mr. Lei Zhenmin told an example, said Lantian have a person to come to him, said the provincial leadership asked me to come to you, I asked to find me to get what? I came to tell you something. What is it? The new chairman of the Association has been chosen. Who is it? Me. You? You're not a member of our province. I'm nothing. The provincial leaders told me to get you involved. But my title is vice-president of the International Calligraphy Association. I say, get out of here! Mr. Lei said this kind of people, I met a few in the Provincial Federation of Literature, Shuyuan door shopkeeper with an International Calligraphy Association leader's documents, let him join the provincial Calligraphy Association. I said, you are the characters of the International Calligraphy Association, but also into the Provincial Calligraphy Association bragging ah? So the calligraphy as a study, look at the word can sell money, empty gloves, speculation, is disrespectful to the calligraphy. Liu Gongquan people books are old, foreign emissaries to the emperor to send gifts, but also specifically to Liu Shaoshi to send a buy Liu word, through the court to get the word is certainly true. The old man died, set up a monument is not Liu word, is considered unfilial. Liu word of moisturizing pen is said to be generous, his housekeeper does not take himself as an outsider, casually use. Liu Gongquan also do not care, and then lost a silver bowl, the home of the maid said not seen, he said that may be feathered into an immortal wings to fly. Can be seen that he regards money as dirt, which also reflects a realm of personality.

The reason why Liu Gongquan became Liu Gongquan, there is a piece of local cultural nutrition in our Huayuan. When he was young, he traveled to Miaowan town of three stone mountain, now called Daxiangshan Temple, is a religious culture, before and after the Qin Dynasty religious culture of a symbol. Before the Sui Dynasty, during the Wei, Jin, and North and South Dynasties, with the entry of Western religions, especially for the Chinese people who had endured hundreds of years of war and chaos of the broken heart is a kind of soothing. After the Tang Dynasty, Buddhism merged with the local religions in China***, and in the Tang Dynasty, Buddhism was exterminated by Emperor Wuzong. Why was Buddhism exterminated? Because of the thousands of temples, hundreds of thousands of monks and Taoist priests were dispersed at once. Xiangshan at the beginning of the last century, the entire surrounding fields are temple property, do not pay taxes to the state, how many cows and sheep and grain, Liu Zhidan in Xiangshan to open warehouses to release food relief for the victims. Once religion expands to the detriment of the national interest, it is necessary to macro-control. All go to eat fasting Buddha, who planted the land to feed the many good men and women? Han Yu opposed to welcome the Buddha bone emperor to kill his head, after the surrounding people advised, he was exiled to the south. Out of Chang'an, Hao sigh clouds across the Qinling home where, he brought the teenage daughter also died in Shangzhou. I have been to that place in Guangdong, the Shrine of Han Gong, which can be said to have been immortalized for a hundred years. Religion, as a culture to pacify people's souls, talks about past lives, the next life and the present life, telling you to have something to hold on to spiritually. It doesn't matter if you die, if you die, you go to heaven, it's a world, it's a paradise, which reduces the fear of death, sleeping without waking up is the same as death, your grandmother, your grandfather, your father, your mother died long ago, you can go to another world to reunite with your loved ones. This is a kind of human belief and coaxing death. When Liu Gongquan reached his forties, his career was not good, he slowly gained an understanding of Buddhism and copied the Diamond Sutra. In the last century, foreigners found a topography of Liu Gongquan's writing of the Diamond Sutra in Dunhuang. He copied the Vajra Sutra from his twenties to his forties until he was in his seventies, and he had a kind of sentiment of looking down on life and honoring Buddhism, a kind of comprehensive and diversified cultivation and practice. As you can imagine, he went on a pilgrimage to the Medicine King Mountain temple fair on February 2nd when the dragon raised its head. Sun Simiao was a Taoist priest who lived in seclusion in this place in his later years and wrote the Thousand Gold Formula. You would think that such a person would have had a significant influence on the young Liu Gongquan. Liu Gongquan lived in the era of Sun Simiao's era has been more than a hundred years, he should be said to be in the drug king mountain this place, the mountain of stone towers, sarcophagus, stone pagodas, especially in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Sui and Tang Dynasty, some of the art of cliff statues, must have given him an important addition to the nutrients. Huayuan square area, including Guanzhuang Fu Jia Yuan, Fu Xuan family in the Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties, there are five generations of 12 generations of more than 40 people for the high officials, history. Huayuan area of the Linghu family, now the fox word removed the surname Ling, and Shanxi Ling family hundreds and thousands of years ago is a family. Linghu Defen is a genius, the Tang Dynasty, seven of the scholar from the Linghu family, such as Peking University doctoral students, into the Academy of Social Sciences. Linghu Chuan used to be a lieutenant of Huayuan County, and then went to the secretarial province, following the emperor to write the actual record of Emperor Xuanzong. Linghu Chu is ten years older than Liu Gongquan, is also a scholar, Linghu Chu's second son called Linghu R綯, seventeen years younger than Liu Gongquan, they are the same dynasty as an official, each other have contacts. Among the Liu family, there were Liu Zhong Ying and Pinpeat Liu, several of whom were highly educated. Folk history says that Liu Gongquan and Liu Gongchuo were not born from the same mother, but from the same father, that Liu Gongquan was born from his father's concubine, and that his mother remarried later, and was already pregnant when she left, and she said, "I'm still carrying a prime minister in my belly! Some people speculate that her belly is pregnant with Linghu Chu, this person really did achieve the prime minister. These wild history of the hear, to get a laugh, obviously belong to nonsense.

Liu Gongquan's older brother Liu Gongchuo eighteen or nineteen years old, he was twenty-nine years old before the examination of the first prize, which is more than ten years in the middle of what to do? One is to read thousands of books, the second is to travel thousands of miles, the surrounding historical and cultural sites must have traveled all over. I imagine that he must have been to Huangbao, to my hometown, to Yaozhou porcelain browse a bit, to the same official stayed a night, to the Jiangnu Ancestral Temple excursion, may also be to the Yuhua Palace, to see the scene of the Anshi Rebellion after the collapse of the Dufu wrote a poem there. I think of him an old candidate, repeatedly failed the examination, repeatedly failed the examination, or perhaps a few years in the middle of the examination, his goal is very high, just like my son when he took the examination for Tsinghua, fill in the three volunteers are Tsinghua, Tsinghua, Tsinghua, Liu Gongquan want to get it just to get the first prize, and the other is not in the eyes. The examination system of the Tang Dynasty was quite strict, and the sufferings he suffered were recorded in the Liu family tradition. Liu Gongquan's father, Liu Ziwen by the Tang Dynasty examination system forced, the family law of education for children is very strict, often bitter ginseng, yellow lotus, bear gall bladder ground into powder and pills, every permanent night study contains, so that diligent study. That is to say, these bitter things and into pills, doze off to eat a pill, the spirit will come, continue to study. People in the countryside often say, eat the bitter, only one can be a man. My old man, my grandfather often said, wearing a human skin is very difficult, the first thirty years of life is good, the next thirty years is difficult to live. The imperial examination system itself is a competitive mechanism to encourage and motivate children to study well, and only through such a channel can they enter the core social class and the upper class circle, which is called to make a name for themselves. Now it is said that this person has achievement and contribution, it is a reason.

Liu Gongquan's marital status, what is the name of the wife he married, in the historical materials did not find. Historical books only recorded his son called Liu Zongxian, his grandson called Liu Yuan, only these two names, I am not fictional writing a novel, do not go to make up these things. I imagine that at the age of twenty it was a bar mitzvah, and during the time of Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty, the law stipulated that a man could get married at the age of fifteen and a woman at the age of thirteen. Because of the frequent border conquests, the lack of labor, and the state's incentives for adding to the population, the marriage age was very low. Liu Gongquan could not have been married at fifteen, and it is not known whether he was married at twenty; there is no record of it. At the age of twenty-nine, he won the Scholarship Examination, and his son Liu Zongxian was born in a year that is not known and cannot be fabricated. So I wrote a paragraph, he may be on the way to the Yakuang Mountain when the road to see Fu Xuan family of a woman, or the family introduced him to a woman of the Linghu family, the door is right, it is possible that the fields to the Huayuan, halfway to meet a shepherdess village girl to show him the way to the end of the love affair married to a wife. But the village girl is not possible, because in the Tang Dynasty, there are legal provisions, called good and low different marriage, social hierarchy is very strict. It is to take her to be a maid, concubine, born children are also called concubine, low status. It is not known which family descendants of Linghu, Fu Xuan and Sun Simiao were married to him. I speculate that he may belong to the late marriage, like Bai Juyi married already thirty-seven years old. What is anxious to find a daughter-in-law, big men only worry about things do not, not worry about marrying a wife, things get into a wife naturally, things do not get into marrying a wife under the days not before going, who can look up to you? I don't worry about not having a wife, I'm just afraid that things won't work out. You can see that the ugly man who has the ability to marry a daughter-in-law is quite beautiful, you look like a talented person, no ability to marry an ugly wife. Why the good and the bad do not intermarry, is due to the influence of cultural genes. In the past, the landlord's family planted good, good land, looking for a wife smart, no money people older, find a melon solid wife, give birth to the baby genes do not work, the generation is not as good as the generation. Zhang Wei wrote "The Wrath of Autumn", his father used to work for the landlord as a long-time laborer, and when the land was divided into households, his son worked for the landlord's son. The poor and the rich should pursue social justice, as long as hard work can get rich, lazy people do not work, waiting all day to help the poor can not. I have been in Hainan when the Li tribe, the government sent a few piglets to let him raise, send saplings to let him plant, the results to the night he folded the saplings, the piglets roasted and eaten. The essence is to popularize the degree of civilization of society, improve the quality of the entire population, people's labor to become rich and wealthy you envy the wealth, itself shows that he has contributed to society. Of course, by the collusion of government and business, the day ghost pounding mallet, illegal profit-making tycoon is not included. From the planned economy to the market economy, give full play to the conscious or selfish side of human nature, do not ask you to work you scramble to do, you can get the money you want to buy what you can eat. You look at other people's things are very good to run to grab, you put you in a cage. Some people say hate the government, hate the rich, you are a second-rate, people planted wheat grows well, you planted wheat grass higher than wheat, then you do not die of poverty, who died of poverty? At least you have to be able to earn your own living before you can live as a human being.

Liu Gongquan stayed in the history of calligraphy classic is the heart is correct pen is correct, thin hard through the God, people books are old. When he reached the age of eighty-one, he was the head of the government and ministers, and early in the morning he went to the court in a carriage or on horseback from the southern suburbs. New Year's Day, this day, relatively cold, to the Daming Palace to go on that long imperial road, the old man panting, on the honorary title when the? Hewu Guangxiao? and pronounced it as? Gwangmu and Hyo? The prosecutor fined him one quarter of his salary. The prosecutor fined him one quarter of his salary. Some people said, "You are old and disrespectful, and you are still sticking around after eighty-one years. He made this one mistake in his life, served seven or eight generations of emperors, and how many people around him have been killed and exiled? Liu old Mr. easy? Liu Gongquan's personality, he did his best in his career path, and was able to make achievements in calligraphy when he was not in power. For the evaluation of Liu Shu, I read a paragraph from the biography of Liu Gongquan, as a concluding remark of today's lecture:

The reason why the history of Chinese calligraphy is called the Yan tendons and Liu bones, Liu Shu is not only a sense of calligraphy, but also a cultural force. The mood of his life is quiet, like the silent hometown of Tuyuan, the silent watchful green mountains, and the forest springs with little clamor. His soul, however, is like a flower that never fails to blossom, as it has been crashed by the ink and brush of generations of Chinese character writing enthusiasts. Decency is the quality of Liu Shu, which responds to all changes with no change, and how many fashionable variations of gimmicks are like passing clouds of smoke. It is a kind of positive beauty, not evil beauty, is a kind of gorgeous beauty, not ugly beauty. It is a hard beauty, not the beauty of softness, it is the beauty of both male and female, not the beauty of yang without yin or yin without yang. It is standing on the shoulders of the former giants to reflect the individuality of the great beauty, not a source of water to blindly promote the individuality of the private beauty of the flavor alone. The book is like a person, the book is like a person, and this has been the case for a long time.

Characteristics of Liu Gongquan's works

Liu Gongquan's calligraphy was famous in the Tang Dynasty at that time, and there are even more folk? Liu Gongquan's calligraphy was famous in the Tang Dynasty. It was said that a single character of Liu Gongquan was worth a thousand pieces of gold.