What are the types of production

Question 1: What are the types of production? What is the scope of application and advantages of each of them? Divided by production method

1, synthetic type. Refers to the different components (parts) synthesized or assembled into a product, that is, the nature of the production of processing and assembly, such as machinery manufacturers, textile mills, etc.;

2, decomposition type. Refers to the decomposition of raw materials into a variety of products after processing, that is, the chemical nature of the production, such as oil refineries, coking plants, etc.;

3, mediation. Refers to the production of products made by changing the shape or properties of the processed object, such as iron and steel mills, rubber factories, etc.;

4, extraction type. Refers to the production of products extracted from the underground, the sea, such as coal mines, oil fields, etc..

The production process of an enterprise may use a variety of production methods, the above several types of production can co-exist at the same time. Such as machinery manufacturing enterprises belong to and molding, but both mediation type, such as casting and forging, heat treatment, electroplating and so on.

According to the continuous degree of production

1, continuous production. It is a long period of continuous production of one or very few products. Production of products, processes and the use of production equipment are fixed, standardized, there is no work in progress storage between processes. For example, oil field oil extraction operations;

2, intermittent production. Input to the production process is intermittent input of various elements. Production equipment and transportation devices must be suitable for a variety of product processing needs, between processes require a certain in-process inventory. For example, machine tool manufacturers, locomotive manufacturers, light machinery factories.

Divided by the source of the production plan

1, order production mode. It is based on the specific order requirements put forward by the user before starting to organize production, design, supply, manufacturing, factory and other work. Produced finished products in the variety of specifications, quantity, quality and delivery are different, and according to the contract on time delivery to the user, the finished product inventory is very small. Therefore, the focus of production management is to grasp the "delivery date", according to the "period" of the organization of the production process in all aspects of the articulation of the balance, to ensure that the realization of the schedule;

2, inventory production mode. It is on the basis of forecasting market demand, planned production, product inventory. In order to prevent inventory backlogs and off-sales, production management focuses on the supply, production and marketing convergence, according to the "amount" of organization of the balance between the various aspects of the production process, to ensure the full completion of the planned tasks.

Divided by product variety and production volume

Divided by the number of product varieties is also known as the degree of specialization according to the work of the division of production types. In general, the greater the output of products produced by the enterprise, the fewer varieties of products, the higher the degree of specialization of production, and the greater the stability and repeatability of production. On the contrary, the smaller the output of products produced by the enterprise, the more varieties of products, the lower the degree of production specialization, and production stability and repeatability is also smaller. It can be seen that the type of production output, product variety and degree of specialization has an intrinsic link, and thus the enterprise technology, organization and economy have different impact and requirements.

Question 2: What are the types of production? According to the industrial characteristics of production

According to the industrial characteristics of the production object in the production process, the industry can be divided into continuous production and discrete production. In the continuous production process, the material is uniform, continuous according to a certain industrial order of movement, such as chemical (plastics, pharmaceuticals, soaps, fertilizers, etc.), oil refining, metallurgy, film development, etc., are typical examples of continuous production. As the material according to a certain process continuously through the various processes of production. Another type of products, such as automobiles, diesel engines, televisions, washing machines, etc., the product is assembled from discrete parts and components, parts and components to their respective processes through the various production processes, the material movement is discrete, and therefore will be referred to as discrete production, because this type of manufactured goods are processed out of the parts first, and then assembled the parts into a product, so it is also referred to as the processing - -Assembly production.

According to the product positioning strategy

According to the characteristics of the user's demand for the product, according to the product positioning strategy can be divided into the type of production stock type production (Make-to-Stock, referred to as MTS) and order production (Make-to-Order, referred to as MTO).

Stock-type production is the enterprise in the market demand (real demand and potential demand) on the basis of research, planned product development and production, production of products constantly replenish the finished product inventory, through the inventory at any time to meet the needs of users. Heavy-duty automobiles, bearings, standard parts, refrigerators, televisions and other products are typical of the stock-type production. Stock-type production has the following characteristics: is carried out by the producer of the product's functional development and design; generally standard products or product series, and limited varieties; product prices are determined in advance by the producer according to the market situation; product production batch is very large.

Divided by production strategy

According to the degree of repetition of product production and the degree of specialization of the work, the production process can be divided into a large number of production, single-piece production and batch production type.

The production program N of the part is calculated by the following formula:

N = Q?n?(1+a)? (1 + b)

Where:

Q - the annual production of the product

n - the number of units of the product in the part

a - the spare parts rate, in percent

b - scrap rate, in percent

According to the annual production program, divided into types of production:

Type of production: single production, small production, medium production, large production, large production, large production. production medium batch production large batch production mass production

batch production

annual heavy parts ≤5 >5~100 >100~300 >300~1000 >1000

production medium-sized parts ≤20 >20~200 >200~500 >500~5000 >. 5000

Volume Small parts ≤100 >100~500 >500~5000 >5000~50000 >50000

Type of production

Each industrial enterprise has its own different production structure, method of production, equipment conditions, scale of production, degree of specialization, workers' skill level and other aspects. Various aspects, have their own different production characteristics. These characteristics are reflected in the production process, equipment, production organization, planning and other aspects. They have a great influence on the technical and economic indexes of enterprises. Therefore, each enterprise should, according to its own characteristics and from a practical point of view, establish a corresponding production management system. In this way, it is necessary to divide the enterprise into production types.

Question 3: What kinds of production types? What are the characteristics of each discrete manufacturing (Intermittent Manufacturing) workshop task-type production, assembly line production process-type manufacturing (Flow Manufacturing) repeated production type, continuous production type Re-entrant discrete manufacturing (Re-entrant Manufacturing) workshop task-type production features Each production task is to use only a small part of the capacity and resources of the entire enterprise, another feature is that the production equipment is generally arranged in a group of machines. Another characteristic is that the production equipment is generally arranged in a group of machines. The characteristics of assembly-line production are as follows: (1) The workplace is highly specialized, and the production is organized according to the products or processing objects. (2) The production is carried out according to the beat, each process is operated at the same time, repeating the same operation content. (3) The single piece of each process operating time and the corresponding process of the workplace (or equipment) number of equal ratio. (4) The process is closed. Process-type manufacturing characteristics: 1) the management of the formula is very demanding, such as the safety of the formula, confidentiality; 2) the need to track the quality of the product, often need to be tracked from the finished product to the semi-finished product, suppliers, etc., so the requirements of batch management is high; 3) certain products often have a shelf life; 4) the production process is often co-products, by-products, grade products.

Question 4: What are the types of production Mode of production (Mode of production): refers to the way of obtaining the material resources necessary for social life, and the system of interrelationships between human beings and the natural world and between human beings formed in the production process. The material content of the mode of production is the productive forces, and its social form is the relations of production; the mode of production is the unity of the two in the process of material production.　In the history of mankind, there have been five modes of production, namely, primitive society, slavery, feudalism, capitalism, and socialism; and on this basis, the historical society of mankind can be classified accordingly into five types of societies. The history of human society is ultimately a history of successive changes in the mode of production.

Question 5: What are the types of biologically productive areas 1) Fossil energy land,? Land that should be reserved to compensate for the loss of natural capital stock due to fossil energy consumption; 2)? Cultivated land, which is the most productive of the biologically productive lands. The most productive category of biologically productive land; 3)? Pasture land, i.e. land suitable for the development of animal husbandry. the land suitable for the development of animal husbandry; 4)? Forest land, i.e., land suitable for the development of animal husbandry man-made or natural forests that produce timber products;?5)? Building land. Includes land occupied by various types of human settlements and roads;?6)? Water area,? Includes freshwater waters and oceans that can provide biological output.

Question 6: What are the categories of productive enterprises? The categories of productive enterprises are:

1. Synthetic. Refers to the different components (parts) synthesized or assembled into a product, that is, the nature of processing and assembly production, such as machinery manufacturers, textile mills, etc.;

2, decomposition type. Refers to the decomposition of raw materials into a variety of products after processing, that is, the nature of the production of the FWB, such as oil refineries, coking plants, etc.;

3, mediation type. Refers to the production of products made by changing the shape or properties of the processed object, such as iron and steel mills, rubber factories, etc.;

4, extraction type. Refers to the production of products extracted from the underground, the sea, such as coal mines, oil fields, etc..

The production process of an enterprise may use a variety of production methods, and several of the above types of production can co-exist at the same time.

Question 7: What are the types of enterprises, in addition to the production of manufacturing enterprises A. Product industry division of the first part:

Pillar industries

1, electronic information: semiconductors, computers, software, communications, digital home appliances

2, chemical: fine chemicals

3, automotive: automotive parts and components

The second part: equipment Industry

1, machinery industry: machine tools, environmental protection machinery, medical instrumentation, engineering machinery, lifting and transportation machinery, semiconductor equipment, textile machinery

2, instrumentation

3, power generation and transmission equipment

Third part: emerging industries

1, biotechnology

2, pharmaceutical

3, New Materials

4, Optoelectronics

5, Nano

6, New Energy

7, Environmental Protection

Part IV: Urban Industries

1, Food and Agricultural Products Finishing

2, Printing and Packaging

3, Diamonds and Jewelry

4, Cosmetics and Detergents

5, clothing and apparel

6, textile: apparel fabrics, knitwear, bedding, etc.

7, light industry: furniture, leather products, cultural goods, etc.

Second, the division of the service industry

1, commercial retailing: food retailing, retailing of department stores, retailing of automobile parts, retailing of home appliances, specialized retailing of pharmaceuticals and medical equipment, chain industry

2, logistics: transportation, warehousing

3, the exhibition industry: exhibition companies

4, the financial industry: financial leasing, pawnbroking, investment management, auctions, financing agents

5, catering: fast food services, other catering services

6, the tourism industry: hotels, hotels, travel agencies

7, real estate industry: real estate Development and operation, property management, real estate intermediary services, decoration

8, advertising: advertising companies, media companies

9, information and consulting services: information intermediary, market research, management consulting

Question 8: What are the types of enterprises According to the Constitution and the relevant provisions of the law, there are currently state-owned economy, collectively owned economy, private economy, Associated economy, joint-stock economy, foreign-related economy (including foreign investment, Sino-foreign joint venture and Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan investment economy) and other economic types, accordingly the mode of China's enterprise legislation is also arranged by economic types, thus forming a special case of determining the legal types of enterprises according to the type of economy. They are:

(1) State-owned enterprises. This refers to enterprises whose entire property belongs to the state and which are financed by the state. The scope of state-owned enterprises, including the central and local state organs at all levels, institutions and social organizations to use state-owned assets invested in enterprises, including the implementation of entrepreneurial management, the state no longer allocated funds or part of the funds issued by the institutions and social organizations engaged in production and management activities, but also includes the above enterprises, institutions and social organizations to use state-owned assets invested in enterprises.

(2) collectively owned enterprises. This refers to a certain range of working masses funded enterprises. It includes urban and rural workers to use the collective capital investment in enterprises, and some individuals through the capital voluntary relinquishment of ownership and by the industrial and commercial administrative organs in accordance with the law recognized as collectively owned enterprises.

(3) private enterprises. This refers to the assets of the enterprise belongs to private ownership, there are more than the statutory amount of employees of the profit-making economic organizations, in our country this kind of enterprise by the individual citizens funded by their own ownership and domination, and its mode of production and operation is based on hired labor, the number of employees should be more than 8 people. This type of enterprise was operating mainly in the tertiary industry, has been involved in the primary and secondary industries, science and technology-based, production-oriented, export-oriented direction.

(4) joint-stock enterprises. The property of the enterprise by two or more contributors *** with the capital, and in the form of shares and constitute the enterprise. China's joint-stock enterprises mainly refers to the limited liability company and limited liability companies (including wholly state-owned companies) two forms of organization. Certain state-owned, collective, private and other economic organizations, although operating in the form of shareholding, but not in accordance with the relevant established restructuring norms of the company law, not registered with the shares of limited liability company or limited liability company, is still according to the nature of the original ownership of the economy under the economic type.

(5) Associated enterprises. This refers to enterprises or enterprises, institutions between the joint venture, the formation of new economic entities; with the conditions of legal person of the joint venture, independent civil liability; does not have the conditions of legal person, by the joint venture parties in accordance with the proportion of the capital or the agreement, with their own or management of property to bear the civil liability of the enterprise. If in accordance with the provisions of the law or the agreement is jointly and severally liable, it is jointly and severally liable.

(6) foreign-invested enterprises. This type of enterprise includes Chinese and foreign joint venture in China after China *** approved the establishment of Chinese and foreign joint venture *** with the investment, *** with the operation, *** enjoy the profits, *** share the risk of Chinese and foreign joint venture; also includes foreign enterprises, other economic organizations in accordance with the principle of equality and mutual benefit, according to China's laws to cooperation agreement on the rights and obligations of both parties, approved by the relevant Chinese authorities and set up the Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises; also includes in accordance with Chinese law set up in China, all the capital by foreign enterprises, other economic organizations or individuals to invest alone, independent operation, self-sustainable foreign-funded enterprises.

(7) Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investment enterprises. This refers to Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan investors in accordance with the provisions of the Chinese people's *** and the country's relevant foreign economic laws and regulations, in the form of joint ventures, cooperation or sole proprietorship in the mainland enterprises. In the application of the law, are based on the Chinese people's *** and the country's foreign-related economic laws and regulations, in the economic type it is different from the type of foreign investment in the economy.

(8) joint-stock cooperative enterprises. This refers to a combination of capital and labor union as the basis for the establishment and operation of the economic organization, which effectively combines the capital and labor force, the two basic elements of productive forces, with the advantages of joint-stock enterprises and cooperative enterprises, the emerging form of business organization.

The sole proprietorship is a place for outsiders to feel confused and confusing, and many people say that the so-called "one person company" or "one dollar to register a business" are misunderstandings and rumors about the sole proprietorship (which, in this case, does not have integrity.), The fact is that there is a lot of misinformation and rumors about sole proprietorships (in which unethical and uneducated journalists have played a lot of bad roles).

A sole proprietorship is a business entity that is established under the Sole Proprietorship Law, in which a natural person invests, the property is owned by the investor, and the investor bears unlimited liability for the debts of the business with his personal property. As a natural person enterprise, the investor for the business risk of unlimited joint and several liability. That is to say, a sole proprietor is not a business at all ...... >>

Question 9: There are several types of machinery manufacturing production types can be generally divided into single-piece production, batch production, mass production of three kinds of speculation

can also be divided into material processing, OEM, ODM and machine manufacturing

Question 10: What types of production operations of enterprises? What are the characteristics of each? Discrete manufacturing (Intermittent Manufacturing) workshop task-based production, assembly-line production

Flow Manufacturing (Flow Manufacturing) repetitive production, continuous production

Re-entrant discrete manufacturing (Re-entrant Manufacturing)

The workshop is also divided into the following types of production operations. /p>

Workshop task-based production is characterized by each production task using only a small part of the enterprise's force and resources, another feature is that the production equipment is generally arranged in accordance with the group of machines.

The characteristics of assembly line production are as follows: (1) the workplace is highly specialized, according to the product or processing object organization.

(2) production according to the beat, each process at the same time for the operation, repeat the same operation content.

(3) Each process of the single piece of work time and the corresponding process of the number of workplaces (or equipment) ratio is equal.

(4) The process is closed.

Process-type manufacturing characteristics: 1) the management of the formula is very demanding, such as the safety of the formula, confidentiality;

2) the need to track the quality of the product, often need to be tracked from the finished product to the semi-finished product, suppliers, etc., so the requirements of the batch management is high;

3) some products often have a shelf life;

4) the production process There are often co-products, by-products, and graded products in the production process.