Food in classical Chinese.

1. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a famine in Qi. Some people give food on the road and say "come and eat" to a hungry person. The hungry man said, I just don't eat "food that I don't know where it comes from." Finally, he died without food (see Book of Rites Tan Gong). Later, it generally refers to insulting charity, and the loyal are not eaten. -Biography of Women in the Later Han Dynasty

People will say that this man has backbone and won't bend down to eat a bite. I will give him a thumbs up. I really should say, "People with lofty ideals don't drink water from stolen springs, and upright people don't get food from others."

Is it the story of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, who "tasted courage at his service"? In order to restore the country, Gou Jian fed Fuchama, took off his shoes and went to the toilet to serve. He endured everything. He was afraid every day and eventually destroyed the state of Wu. He is a clever man. How can people not bow their heads under the eaves? You are a smart man, and you will put up with it. Your heart should be able to fill the sea in the future and learn to carry things.

It is said that one year, there was a great famine in Qi, and people fled the famine and begged everywhere. Qian ao, the rich man, kindly helped the victims and set up a stall on the roadside to set up food. A man staggered over with hunger, and Qian Ao shouted to him, "Hello! Eat! " Unexpectedly, the man stared at Qian ao and said, "I'm so hungry because I don't eat the food I get." Later, although Qian Ao apologized, the man refused to eat the food given by Qian Ao until he starved to death. I learned that Ceng Zi thought the victim was too stubborn. He said: if someone greets you rudely, you can walk away, but when others have apologized, it's time for you to eat.

2. Translation story of China's ancient poems: food of the past.

During the Warring States period, the vassal states fought against each other and the people were restless. If natural disasters are added, people can't live. There was a severe drought in Qi this year, and it didn't rain for three consecutive months. The field cracked and all the crops died. The poor eat leaves and bark, and the grass seedlings eat grass roots. They are starving. But the granaries of rich people are full and they still eat spicy food.

There was a rich man named Qian Ao, who watched the poor stagger with hunger and gloated. He wanted to give some food to the victims, but he put on a savior's airs. He put the prepared steamed bread on the roadside and gave it to the hungry people in the past. Whenever a hungry person comes, Qian ao throws a wowotou in the past and proudly cries, "Beggar, here you are!" " "Sometimes a group of people come, and Qian Ao throws a few steamed buns for hungry people to compete with each other. Qian ao looked at them derisively and was very happy. He thinks he is really a living Buddha.

At this moment, a scrawny and hungry man came over and saw his hair unkempt and his clothes in rags. He tied a pair of broken shoes to his feet with a straw rope. He covered his face with worn sleeves and staggered along. Because he hasn't eaten for several days, he can't support himself and walks a little stagger.

Seeing the hungry man, Qian Ao specially took two steamed buns and a bowl of soup and shouted at the hungry man, "Hey, come and eat!" " "Hungry people turned a blind eye to him, as if they didn't hear him. Qian ao let out a cry again, "hey (Ji), did you hear that? Give you something to eat! " I saw that the hungry man suddenly became active, stared at Qian Ao and said, "Put away your things, I would rather starve to death than eat such delicious food! " "

Qian ao never imagined that such a rickety hungry man still maintained his personal dignity, and suddenly he was too ashamed to speak.

Originally, relief and helping others should be sincere, don't pretend to be a savior. Well-meaning help is acceptable; However, in the face of "unexpected food", what deserves our praise is the hungry spirit with backbone.

explain

The idiom "food from nowhere" means insulting or malicious charity. Oh: Now impolite greetings are equivalent to "hello".

3. Interpretation of translating classical Chinese into vernacular Chinese;

The famine in Qi is serious. Qian ao prepares meals for hungry people passing by by the roadside. A hungry man covered his face with sleeves, shuffled his feet, and his eyes came over in a daze.

Qian ao took the dish in his left hand and the soup in his right, and said, "Hello! Come and eat! " The hungry man looked up at him and said, "I am in this situation because I don't eat food given by others!" " "Qian ao went up to apologize to him, but he eventually starved to death because he didn't eat. Ceng Zi said, "I'm afraid it's not necessary! Qian 7a686964616fe78988e 69d833133431353936 can of course be refused when you are rude, but you can eat it after apologizing. "

Original text:

If you don't eat, you will be hungry. Qian ao eats for Tao and hunger. If you are hungry, please come, and trade will come hastily. Qian Ao ate on the left and drank on the right, saying, "Hey! Come and eat! " Raise your eyes and look at it and say, "Give but don't eat your food, so you too!" " So thank you, and finally died without food. Hearing this, Ceng Zi said, "Micro-peace! Embarrassed, you can go, you can thank it, you can eat it. "

This article is from the Book of Rites written by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty.

Extended data

Writing background:

It is said that it was written by seventy-two disciples of Confucius and their students, edited by Dai Sheng, a ritual musician in the Western Han Dynasty. The Six Classics written by Confucius' disciples are the carrier of the highest philosophy in China's classical culture.

However, it is not easy to understand ancient documents, and interpretation is needed to assist understanding. The "ceremony" in the Six Classics, later called "ceremony", mainly records the "ceremony" of the crown, marriage, funeral and sacrifice in the Zhou Dynasty, which is limited to the style and hardly involves the "ceremony" behind the ceremony.

If you don't understand etiquette, the ceremony will become a worthless ceremony. Therefore, in the process of practicing etiquette, the post-1970 s wrote a large number of papers explaining the classic meaning, collectively called "Ji", which belongs to the vassal of etiquette.

After Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, there were still many "notes" written in pre-Qin prose in the Western Han Dynasty, including "13 1 article" in the History of Art Granted by Han Dynasty and the History of Literature.

According to the Annals of Sui Shu Classics, these documents were collected by Wang Xian, a native of Hejian, from the people, and Liu Xiang got dozens of articles when he was studying the classics, including Yin Mingtang Yang Ji, Confucius Three Dynasties Ji, Wang Shishi Ji and Yue Ji, and the total number increased to 2 14.

Due to the large number of records, and there are two versions of fine and coarse, by the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were two kinds of anthologies in society. One is the 85-piece version of Dade, which is called Li Ji of Dadai.

Second, Dade's nephew Dai Sheng's Forty-Nine Articles, called The Book of Rites of Little Dai. Li Ji from generation to generation is not widely circulated, but it is still in decline, as noted in Lu Bian of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, most of them had been lost, with only 39 articles left, and even Sui Shu, Tang Shu and Song Shu were not recorded.

The Book of Rites for Little Dai was named "Book of Rites" by later generations because of Zheng Xuan's meticulous attention and infinite scenery.

Appreciation of articles:

The famous saying "Don't eat what you have" means that in order to show your character, you will never condescend to accept charity from others, even if you starve yourself to death. Hungry people don't eat Qian Ao's food because Qian Ao is arrogant and regards the poor as pigs and dogs, and his charity is degrading. The tradition in China attaches great importance to being a man with backbone. In layman's terms, people can't live without breath, even if they are bitter.

There are some similar sayings, for example, people are not poor, they would rather die than surrender, people are proud, and trees are peeled ... all of which reflect the importance of honesty, the importance of human dignity and the importance of human spirit.

This traditional concept still has its value and rationality. Between human spirit and body, between spiritual pursuit and material pursuit, between human dignity and servility, the former is higher and heavier than the latter.

If you can't have it both ways, you'd rather give up the latter and sacrifice the latter than make yourself a walking corpse and a devil incarnate. The reason why people are people, not walking dead, is probably the difference here.