Briefly describe the aesthetic characteristics of neoclassicism, romanticism, impressionism and realism .

Neoclassicism: choosing grim and significant subjects (major events in ancient history and reality), in art form, emphasizing rational rather than emotional expression; in composition, emphasizing completeness; in modeling, emphasizing sketches and contours, focusing on sculptural figures, and paying insufficient attention to color.

Romanticism: Romanticism is in complete opposition to classical academism, opposing pure reason and abstract expression, emphasizing concrete, characteristic depiction and emotional communication; opposing typecasting and generalization, advocating individualization of expression, depicting the character traits and state of mind of the characters; opposing the use of ancient laws of art to bind artistic creation, advocating the freewheeling and passionate subjective depiction, so that the artist's feelings can be fully realized in the creation. The artist's feelings are fully conveyed in the creation; against the stereotypical sculptural modeling and over-emphasis on sketching as the main means of expression, trying their best to emphasize saturated tones on the strong contrast of light and color, and shaping artistic images with turbulent compositions, exuberant and fluid strokes, and sometimes metaphorical or symbolic techniques to express the painter's social ideals and aesthetic ideals.

Impressionism: Impressionism emphasized the feeling and impression of light and shadow on external objects, and opposed conformity and advocated artistic innovation in creative techniques. Impressionism focuses on depicting the fleeting scenes of nature, making the moment eternal, and applying this scientific principle to painting. The Impressionists' subtle style of observation and direct perception of color changes had a profound influence on later modern art. Impressionism broke away from the previous art form's reliance on history and religion, and the artists boldly abandoned traditional creative concepts and formulas. Artists shifted their focus to pure forms of visual perception, and the content and subject matter of the work became less important, unlike Expressionism, which expressed inner emotions and neglected to depict the outer image of the object.

Realism: Realism in the broadest sense refers to the loyalty of literature and art to nature, and originally originated from the oldest Western literary theory, that is, the ancient Greek's simple idea that "art is a direct reproduction of nature or an imitation of nature," and that the realism of the work or the degree of resemblance to the object became the criterion for judging the success of the work. Realism, in the narrow sense, is a historical concept that refers specifically to the Realist movement that took place in the 19th century. Realism appeared as the antithesis and polemical foe of Romanticism, and it originally contained the sense of rejecting fantasy and pretense and exalting the real.