What are the building materials of Tulou?

Tulou is a collective building built with earth as wall, which is round, semi-circular, square, quadrangular, pentagonal, chair-shaped, dustpan-shaped and so on, each with its own characteristics. The earliest earth building is square, there are palace type, house type, body shape is different, not only peculiar, but also rich in mystery, solid and firm. Building in the accumulation of food, livestock; wells, if you need to protect the enemy, just close the door, a few young adults to guard the door, the earth building is like a strong fortress, women, children, old and young as much as possible can rest easy. Due to the square earth building has a directional, darker corners, ventilation and lighting are different, so the Hakka people and designed a good ventilation and lighting, neither the beginning nor the end of the round earth building. In the existing earth buildings, the most notable round, the local people called round building or round cottage, followed by four-corner building, such as the Xinhai Revolutionary patriarch, the founder of China's modern education, the Alliance Jiaying State main alliance of Xinhai site He Ziyuan's former residence and so on. Elegant Hakka dwellings

Tulou belongs to the collective architecture, and its biggest feature is its big shape, whether from a distance or walking in front of it, Tulou is shocking with its huge monolithic architecture, and its size is the biggest of the dwellings. In our visit to the most common round building in the earth building, its diameter of about more than 50 meters, three, four-story height, *** more than a hundred housing, can live in thirty, forty families, can accommodate two to three hundred people. And large round building diameter up to 70 or 80 meters, five or six stories high, there are four or five hundred housing, can live seven or eight hundred people. This kind of residential architecture from the Tulou reflects the folk customs of the Hakka people who live together in clans.　From the study of history and architecture, the construction of Tulou is a kind of self-defense style of living for the safety of the community. At that time, under the situation of Japanese invasion from outside and civil war from inside, the Hakka people who migrated to other countries came from thousands of miles away, and chose a way of building that was conducive to family reunion and defense against war, which was then adopted. The children and grandchildren of the same ancestors in a building to form an independent society, *** survival *** glory, *** death *** humiliation. So the Royal Outer Condensation is probably the most appropriate generalization of the Tulou.　Tulou's walls, under the thick on the thin, thick, some even up to 1.5 meters. Ramming, first in the wall base dug out deep and large wall ditch, rammed in, buried in the boulder for the base, and then with stone and mortar masonry up the wall base. Then the wall is rammed with sandwich wall panels. Earthen wall of raw materials to the local clay red clay, mixed with the appropriate amount of small stones and lime, after repeated pounding, mixing, made into what is commonly known as "cooked soil". Some key parts should also be mixed with the right amount of glutinous rice, brown sugar, in order to increase its viscosity. Ramming, to the middle of the earth wall buried cedar branches or bamboo for the "wall bone" to increase its tensile strength. In this way, after repeated tamping, the earth wall was built like steel and concrete, plus a layer of lime outside to prevent weather erosion, so it is exceptionally strong and has good windproof and earthquake-resistant ability. According to the "Yongding County Records", in 1918, a major earthquake occurred in the daytime, watchman's voice, lasted 20 minutes, and continue to vibrate at night, but the earth building has always stood up unharmed.