What are the contracting modes?

Construction engineering contracting mode are which kinds

package mode

Contracting mode refers to the project contractor (generally that is, the bidding party) and the contractor (generally that is, the bidding party) the form of economic relations between the two. There are a variety of contracting methods, subject to the contracting content and specific environmental conditions. The main classification is shown in Figure.

(a) according to the scope of contracting (content) division of contracting

According to the scope of the project contracting that is the contracting content division of the contracting method, there are construction of the whole process of contracting, phase contracting, special contracting and "build-operate-transfer". Contracting 4 kinds.

1. Construction of the whole process of contracting

Construction of the whole process of contracting, also known as "turnkey", or "package contracting", that is, usually referred to as "turnkey". Using this contracting method, the construction unit generally only need to put forward the use of the requirements and completion date, the contractor can be on the project proposal, feasibility study, survey and design, equipment inquiry and purchase, ordering materials, engineering construction, production staff training, until the completion of production, the implementation of the whole process, a comprehensive general contracting, and is responsible for the subcontracting tasks for the integrated management, coordination and supervision work. In order to facilitate the convergence of construction and production, if necessary, can also absorb part of the construction unit, under the unified organization of the contracting unit, to participate in the construction of the relevant work. This type of contracting requires close cooperation between the contracting parties; involving decision-making nature of the major issues should still be the construction unit or its higher authorities to make the final decision. This type of contracting is mainly applicable to various large and medium-sized construction projects. Its advantage is that it can accumulate construction experience and make full use of existing experience, save investment, shorten the construction period and ensure the quality of construction, improve economic efficiency. Of course, it also requires that the contracting unit must have strong technical and economic strength and rich experience in organization and management. To adapt to this requirement, some foreign contractors and survey and design units often form an integrated contracting company, or further expansion to a number of specialized contractors and equipment production and supply manufacturers, the formation of horizontal economic associations. This is a new development trend in the construction industry in recent decades. Since the reform and opening up, China's various departments and local construction engineering general contracting company that belongs to this nature of the contracting unit.

2. Stage contracting

Stage contracting is the content of the construction process at a certain stage or some stage of the work. For example, feasibility studies, survey and design, building and installation construction. In the construction phase, but also according to the different contents of the contract, subdivided into three ways:

(1) package. That is, all the labor and materials used in the construction of contracted projects. This is a more common construction contracting method used internationally.

(2) part of the package materials. That is, the contractor is only responsible for providing construction of all labor and part of the materials, the rest of the construction unit or general contracting unit responsible for the supply. China's reform and opening up has been implemented for many years before the construction unit contracted all the labor and local materials, the construction unit is responsible for the supply of unified distribution and the Ministry of materials and some special materials, belong to this contracting method. After the reform has been gradually transitioned to the main way of contracting.

(3) the package does not include materials. That is, the contractor only provides labor without the obligation to supply any materials. At home and abroad in the construction project there is this way of contracting.

3. special contracting

Specialized contracting is the content of a construction phase of a specialized project, due to the strong professionalism, more by the relevant professional contracting unit contracting, so it is called professional contracting. For example, feasibility studies in the auxiliary research projects, investigation and design phase of the engineering geological survey, water supply survey, foundation or structural engineering design, process design, power supply system, air-conditioning system and disaster prevention system design, construction and preparation process of equipment purchasing and training of production and technical personnel, as well as the construction phase of the construction of the foundation construction, metal structure fabrication and installation, ventilation equipment, and elevator installation, and so on.

4. "Build-Operate-Transfer" contracting

Internationally known as the BOT approach, that is, Build-Operate-Transfer (Build-Operate-Transfer) in English. Operate-Transfer) abbreviation. This is an emerging form of contracting with capital in the 1980s. The procedure is generally led by a large contractor or developer, the financial sector to form a consortium, on a project to *** proposal and application, to obtain permission to build and operate the project. These projects are usually large-scale public *** projects and infrastructure such as tunnels, ports, highways and power plants. *** If the proposal and application are approved, the concession to build and operate the project is granted to the consortium. The consortium is responsible for all the work of fund-raising, engineering design and construction; after completion, it operates the project during the concession period, recovers its investment, repays its loans and earns a profit by charging fees to the users; and at the end of the concession period, it will hand over the project to the *** to operate and manage it free of charge. For the project country, take this way can solve the problem of *** construction fund shortage, and not ...... >>

What are the contracting modes for engineering projects?

1. Engineering General Contracting (EPC) mode

Engineering General Contracting (Engineering Procurement Construction) mode, also known as the design, procurement, construction integration mode. It refers to after the project decision-making stage, starting from the design, after bidding, commissioned an engineering company for the design - procurement - construction of general contracting. In this mode, according to the lump sum or adjustable lump sum method stipulated in the contracting contract, the engineering company is responsible for managing and controlling the progress, cost, quality and safety of the project, and completing the project according to the contract.There are many kinds of derivations and combinations of EPC, for example, EP+C, E+P+C, EPCm, EPCs, EPCa, and so on.

1) Advantages:

? The owner entrusts all of the project's design, procurement, construction and start-up services to the general contractor responsible for the organization and implementation of the project, the owner is only responsible for the overall, principle, target management and control, the general contractor is more able to play a subjective initiative, and can use its advanced management experience for the owner and contractor to create more benefits for themselves; improved efficiency and reduced coordination workload;

? Fewer design changes, shorter construction period;

? As a result of the use of lump-sum contracts, basically no need to pay claims and additional project costs; the final price of the project and the required duration has a greater degree of certainty.

2) Disadvantages:

? The owner cannot control the entire project;

? The general contractor is responsible for the cost schedule and quality of the whole project, which increases the risk of the general contractor. In order to reduce the risk and get more profit, the general contractor may reduce the cost by adjusting the design program, which may affect the quality in the long run;

? Because of the use of lump-sum contracts, the contractor has little flexibility to obtain change orders and additional costs from the owner.

2. Project Management Contracting (PMC) Model

PMC is Project Management Consultant. It refers to the project management contractor on behalf of the owner of the project to carry out the whole process, all-round project management, including the overall planning of the project, project definition, project bidding, selection of EPC contractors, and design, procurement, construction, commissioning for the overall management, generally not directly involved in the design of the project, procurement, construction and commissioning of the project phase of the specific work. Construction drawings design separation, construction drawings design into the field of technical competition, only the preliminary design is completed by the PMC.

1) Advantages

? Can give full play to the management contractor's expertise in project management, unified coordination and management of the project's design and construction, reducing conflicts;

? Beneficial to the construction project investment savings;

? The model can optimize the design of the project, which can achieve the lowest cost within the given project survival period;

? While ensuring excellent quality, it is conducive to the contractor to obtain the right to future covenants or income distribution of the project, can shorten the construction period, in the high-risk areas, usually use covenants this way to stabilize the team.

2) Disadvantages

? The owner's participation in the project is low, the right to change is limited, and coordination is difficult;

? The owner's big risk is whether it can choose a high-level project management company. This model is usually suitable for: large-scale projects with a project investment of more than US$100 million. Projects in countries and regions that lack management experience, the introduction of a PMC can ensure the successful completion of the project. At the same time, it helps these countries and regions to improve the level of project management. Projects constructed with loans or export credits from banks or foreign financial institutions, consortiums. Huge projects with many complex process units, where the owner is not familiar with these processes.

3. Design-Build (DB) Model

That is, Design And Build (DB) model, which is also known as Turn-Key-Operate (TKO) model in the international arena. In China, it is called the design-construction general contracting mode (Design-Construction). After the project principle is determined, the owner selects a company responsible for the design and construction of the project. This approach is based on a lump-sum contract at the time of bidding and contracting. The design-build general contractor is responsible for the cost of the entire project, he first selects a consulting design firm to design, and then uses competitive bidding to select subcontractors, of course, can also use the company's design and construction forces to complete a ...... >>

What are the main contracting models for engineering projects? The advantages and disadvantages were introduced

Engineering construction project management mode according to the organization and management mode is divided into: traditional autonomous project management mode, various types of commissioned professional project management mode and various types of franchising and financing project management mode, the latter two in line with the modern project management specialization, socialization, and diversification of financing requirements will be introduced in the service bidding project.

There are two main types of engineering contracting methods:

1) Construction contracting methods. Engineering design and construction are separated, respectively, by different subjects responsible for the implementation of the project contractor in accordance with the design drawings and technical specifications provided by the bidder construction, typically manifested in the traditional "design - bidding -

construction" construction management mode. The contracting mode by the contractors are responsible to the bidders, suitable for the bidders are willing to more y involved in the design control and the design and construction of the mutual coordination and management, and want to diversify the risk of

situation. Disadvantages: the contracting model of the construction cycle is generally longer, the responsibility is more difficult to define, the management and coordination between design and construction is more complex, prone to disputes, project quality, progress, cost control is more difficult. Advantages: But this

The use of engineering contracting model is simple, mature, the quality of the contracting parties do not require high, and the bidder for the implementation of the project design and construction of various stages of the control of the influence of the larger, the risk is also more dispersed.

2) design - construction integration contracting. Typical modes of this type of contracting are: "design + construction" (D + B), "design, procurement and construction" (EPC) and "plant equipment and design + construction"

(P&D + B) and so on. Generally applicable to large-scale construction projects, professional and technical, management and coordination of complex work, the bidder of the design and construction of the management of the weak, and willing to transfer most of the risks to

a contractor. The biggest difference between its construction contracting is that the former bidders no longer provide engineering design drawings, only to provide the basic engineering program design / process design as a condition of bidding, and will be followed by engineering design

design and construction responsibility and the corresponding risk transfer to a general contractor. Advantages: conducive to the convergence between engineering design and construction, can avoid errors, omissions, changes, rework and disputes caused by mutual disconnect; can be reasonable

rational organization of the design and construction of subsections, shorten the construction period. Disadvantages: The bidder has less influence on the details of the design and construction of the project, so through the bidding to select the design and construction of professional qualities as well as a high level of comprehensive coordination and management of

general contractor, and a reasonable and clear definition of the relevant responsibilities, risks appear to be critical.

3) Various types of franchising and financing project management and contracting methods.

What are the contracting methods

Now the market above the renovation company generally have three contracting methods, package work, package work without materials, package work and package accessories. The all-inclusive way, generally with the more reputable decoration company, this way is also more worrying and labor-saving. The package does not include materials of the clear package, generally no after-sales service, but buy their own building materials, each sum of money in mind. Package package auxiliary materials is between the two, but the contract is required to set a more detailed, or the owners are not favorable. I am lazy, when the time to decorate is to find the Baianju all-inclusive, not bad.

What kinds of modes of engineering contracting

Types of engineering contracting

There are three main types of engineering contracting:

(1) infrastructure and civil engineering. Such as water conservancy, dams, canal projects; highway and railroad construction; underground construction works (pipelines, guide wells and underground tunnels); bridges, ports and shore buildings (wharves, trestles, dredging breakwaters); airports, missile projects; water supply and drainage projects; power engineering; imitation of historical or scenic classical building projects.

(2) Resource-based engineering. Such as petroleum development, oil refineries, mines, steel mills, chemical plants, fertilizer plants.

(3) Manufacturing engineering. Such as paper mills, textile mills, machine factories and so on.

The engineering contract can be divided into general contracting, subcontracting, subcontracting, subcontracting, labor contracting and design-construction contract.

General contract

An agreement between the project legal person and the contractor directly for all the work of a project. The signing of the general contract needs to go through a series of procedures, including bidding, tendering, bid evaluation and negotiation and negotiation, and finally by the project legal person and the contractor consensus, sign the contract. The parties to the general contract are the general contractor and the project legal person. The relationship of rights and obligations involved in the project can only occur between the project legal person and the general contractor.

Sub-contracting contract

The project legal person and each sub-contractor of the sub-contractor signed separately for a particular sub-project agreement. Each contractor is separately responsible to the project legal entity. The entire project may be agreed to be managed and coordinated by the project owner or one of the main contractors. The advantages of sub-contracting are that it gives the project owner sufficient flexibility to obtain the best specialized contractor as well as to shorten the duration of the work and save the cost of subcontracting by the main contractor. However, a lack of management capability can lead to serious difficulties and complications.

Subcontract

After the general contractor signed a general contract for a project with the project owner, the general contractor will be a part of the project or a single project subcontracted to the subcontractor to complete the contract with its contract. The parties to the subcontract are the general contractor and the subcontractor. The rights and obligations involved in the project can only occur between the general contractor and the subcontractor; the project legal person and the subcontractor do not have a direct contractual legal relationship. However, the subcontractor to indirectly assume the general contractor to the project legal person to undertake the obligations of the project.

Subcontract

Contractor A to the project legal person contracted a project, and then the project will be subcontracted to the contractor B, and signed with its engineering contract. Subcontracting contract is different from subcontracting contract, which is characterized by the rights and obligations under the contracting contract signed by Contractor A and the project legal person, all transferred with Contractor B, that is, the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract between the project legal person and Contractor B to take effect. When signing the subcontract, Contractor B shall pay Contractor A a certain amount of remuneration. China prohibits such subcontracting.

Labor contract

It is also called employment contract. It is an agreement between the project legal person, contractor or subcontractor (Party A) for the construction project, and the provider of hired labor (Party B) on the hiring of laborers to participate in construction activities. On the basis of the agreed conditions, the parties pay Party A the corresponding remuneration to Party B's personnel in terms of the amount of labor performed by each of the hired personnel. It is characterized by party B only to obtain the appropriate honorarium, and does not bear the risk of party A, and does not share the profits.

Design-construction contract

The project owner awards both design and construction tasks to a single contractor to complete, also known as the overall contract or package contract. The design-build contract is characterized by cost and time savings and facilitates the integration of design and construction techniques as well as the coordination of design and construction.

BOT

build-operate-transfer, or build-operate-transfer, is a *** contract that grants a private enterprise (including a foreign enterprise) a concession for a certain period of time, licensing it to finance the construction of the project. A concession is a contract that grants a private enterprise (including a foreign enterprise) the right to finance the construction and operation of a specific public infrastructure and to recover its investment and earn a profit by charging users or selling products to repay the loan; at the end of the concession period, the infrastructure is transferred to the *** at no cost.

References:

baike.baidu/view/1658302... >>

Construction engineering contracting methods are which kinds of ways

package way

Contracting methods refers to the project contractor (generally that is, the bidding party) and the contractor (generally that is, the bidding party) the form of economic relations between the two. There are a variety of contracting methods, subject to the contracting content and specific environmental conditions. The main classification is shown in Figure.

(a) according to the scope of contracting (content) division of contracting

According to the scope of the project contracting that is the contracting content division of the contracting method, there are construction of the whole process of contracting, phase contracting, special contracting and "build-operate-transfer". Contracting 4 kinds.

1. Construction of the whole process of contracting

Construction of the whole process of contracting, also known as "turnkey", or "package contracting", that is, usually referred to as "turnkey". Using this contracting method, the construction unit generally only need to put forward the use of the requirements and completion date, the contractor can be on the project proposal, feasibility study, survey and design, equipment inquiry and purchase, ordering materials, engineering construction, production staff training, until the completion of production, the implementation of the whole process, a comprehensive general contracting, and is responsible for the subcontracting tasks for the integrated management, coordination and supervision work. In order to facilitate the convergence of construction and production, if necessary, can also absorb part of the construction unit, under the unified organization of the contracting unit, to participate in the construction of the relevant work. This type of contracting requires close cooperation between the contracting parties; involving decision-making nature of the major issues should still be the construction unit or its higher authorities to make the final decision. This type of contracting is mainly applicable to various large and medium-sized construction projects. Its advantage is that it can accumulate construction experience and make full use of existing experience, save investment, shorten the construction period and ensure the quality of construction, improve economic efficiency. Of course, it also requires that the contracting unit must have strong technical and economic strength and rich experience in organization and management. To adapt to this requirement, some foreign contractors and survey and design units often form an integrated contracting company, or further expansion to a number of specialized contractors and equipment production and supply manufacturers, the formation of horizontal economic associations. This is a new development trend in the construction industry in recent decades. Since the reform and opening up, China's various departments and local construction engineering general contracting company that belongs to this nature of the contracting unit.

2. Stage contracting

Stage contracting is the content of the construction process at a certain stage or some stage of the work. For example, feasibility studies, survey and design, building and installation construction. In the construction phase, but also according to the different contents of the contract, subdivided into three ways:

(1) package. That is, all the labor and materials used in the construction of contracted projects. This is a more common construction contracting method used internationally.

(2) part of the package materials. That is, the contractor is only responsible for providing construction of all labor and part of the materials, the rest of the construction unit or general contracting unit responsible for the supply. China's reform and opening up has been implemented for many years before the construction unit contracted all the labor and local materials, the construction unit is responsible for the supply of unified distribution and the Ministry of materials and some special materials, belong to this contracting method. After the reform has been gradually transitioned to the main way of contracting.

(3) the package does not include materials. That is, the contractor only provides labor without the obligation to supply any materials. At home and abroad in the construction project there is this way of contracting.

3. special contracting

Specialized contracting is the content of a construction phase of a specialized project, due to the strong professionalism, more by the relevant professional contracting unit contracting, so it is called professional contracting. For example, feasibility studies in the auxiliary research projects, investigation and design phase of the engineering geological survey, water supply survey, foundation or structural engineering design, process design, power supply system, air-conditioning system and disaster prevention system design, construction and preparation process of equipment purchasing and training of production and technical personnel, as well as the construction phase of the construction of the foundation construction, metal structure fabrication and installation, ventilation equipment, and elevator installation, and so on.

4. "Build-Operate-Transfer" contracting

Internationally known as the BOT approach, that is, Build-Operate-Transfer (Build-Operate-Transfer) in English. Operate-Transfer) abbreviation. This is an emerging form of contracting with capital in the 1980s. The procedure is generally led by a large contractor or developer, the financial sector to form a consortium, on a project to *** proposal and application, to obtain permission to build and operate the project. These projects are usually large-scale public *** projects and infrastructure such as tunnels, ports, highways and power plants. *** If the proposal and application are approved, the concession to build and operate the project is granted to the consortium. The consortium is responsible for all the work of fund-raising, engineering design and construction; after completion, it operates the project during the concession period, recovers its investment, repays its loans and earns a profit by charging fees to the users; and at the end of the concession period, it will hand over the project to the *** to operate and manage it free of charge. For the project country, take this way can solve the problem of *** construction capital shortage, and not ...... >>

What are the general types of contracting methods for construction projects

Contracting methods according to the scope of contracting (content)

Contracting methods according to the status of the contractor

Contracting methods according to the way of obtaining the contracted tasks

Contracting methods according to the type of contract and pricing methods

What are the management and contracting methods of construction projects

What are the methods of management and contracting for construction projects

What are the methods of management and contracting for construction projects

What are the methods of management and contracting for construction projects? What kinds of management and contracting methods are there

General contracting, specialized subcontracting,

What kinds of contracting methods are there for construction works

The main ways of general contracting: design, procurement and construction (EPC) / turnkey general contracting General contracting refers to the general contracting enterprise according to the contract to undertake the design, procurement, construction, commissioning and other work of the project, and to the contracted works. EPC means that the general contractor undertakes the design, procurement, construction, commissioning and service of the project according to the contract, and is fully responsible for the quality, safety, schedule and cost of the contracted works.　Turnkey general contracting is the extension of the business and responsibilities of the design, procurement and construction general contracting, and ultimately to the owner to submit a project to meet the use of functionality, with the use of conditions.

Design - construction general contracting (D-B) design - construction general contracting refers to the general contracting firms in accordance with the contract, undertake the design and construction of the project, and the contracted works of quality, safety, schedule, cost is fully responsible.　According to the different scales and types of projects and the owner's requirements, general contracting can also be used in design - procurement general contracting (E-P), procurement - construction general contracting (P-C) and other ways.

In the domestic construction general contracting mode currently used in the traditional contracting mode, construction and design are separated, the two sides are difficult to coordinate in a timely manner, often resulting in the loss of cost and functionality. In the construction project cost, the design of the cost of the impact accounted for more than 80%, to reduce the cost of the project, the most important stage lies in the design, the general contracting mode, the depth of the design and construction process of the cross, to ensure that the quality of the project under the premise of the most substantial reduction in costs.

The traditional construction model in the survey and design, construction and procurement of the main links between the existence of each other separate and disconnected drawbacks, the general construction cycle is long, inefficient. And in the general contracting mode, because the general contracting unit has the ability to engage in or oversee the construction engineering design, construction, procurement, bidding, installation of all the work, belonging to the knowledge-based large fully functional supporting system enterprises, can mobilize the various professions in a very short period of time to complete the established needs.

The traditional construction project owners are most concerned about the quality of the construction process management control, the beginning of the link is in the construction drawings completed before entering, but the implementation of general contracting after the node is generally from the initial design until the completion of the project turn-key, bringing the general contracting companies to implement the project the whole process of managing the concept of a major shift. Construction project general contracting has exceeded the design unit only by the owner of the design task contract requirements, to design and construction companies simply according to the blueprints of construction and equipment installation category. General contracting brings contractors to optimize the program and deepen the construction of technological innovation of vitality, but also for owners and contractors to reduce the cost of providing some space, and gradually become the owners and contractors are integrated into the complex. What is the classification of the general contracting model?