The development history of western furniture is divided into several periods.

1, ancient Egypt (about14th century-5th century BC)

The origin of furniture can be traced back to the third dynasty in ancient Egypt.

In the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun of the 18th dynasty in ancient Egypt, there are beds, chairs, jewelry boxes and other exquisite furniture.

The shape is rigorous and neat, and the feet are decorated with sculptures imitating the legs of animals such as cattle feet and lion feet. Furniture surface painting, or inlaid with glazed pottery, stone, mother of pearl, ivory. Patterns are mainly plants and geometric patterns.

The materials of ancient Egyptian furniture are mostly hardwood, the chair surface is made of leather and hemp rope, and the structural mode is dovetail joint and bamboo nail.

In ancient Egypt, Jin Mu's manufacturing technology was very high, including hammering and casting, decoration and machining, gold foil manufacturing, gold plating, coloring and inlaying.

He is best at gold foil craft, first painting animal oil and cypress paste, then painting animal glue and resin glue, and finally painting gold.

2. Ancient Greece and Rome (about 5th century BC-5th century AD)

After the fifth century BC, Greek furniture formed a more perfect and harmonious style.

During this period, new forms of furniture appeared in ancient Greece, including seats, beds, boxes, cabinets and tables. The most typical one is this chair named "Chris Moss", which is simple, light and comfortable, with a beautiful curved back and legs.

The origin of the decorative style of ancient Greek furniture is influenced by three pillars, namely, Dorian style, Ionian style and Corinthian style.

The legs are generally carved with rosettes and a pair of palm leaves. The palm leaves are cut off around them in a C-shaped vortex, and the furniture surface is beautifully painted.

Ancient Roman furniture evolved from ancient Greek furniture, and wooden furniture was often veneered and inlaid with precious wood or metal.

In addition to wooden furniture, Roman bronze and marble furniture has also made great achievements.

Most of these furniture are carved with decorative patterns such as lion's head, portrait and leaf shape, which have the characteristics of firmness and solemnity, showing masculinity and being a symbol of the prosperity of the Roman Empire at that time.

3. The Middle Ages (about 5th century-14th century).

The furniture styles in the early Middle Ages were mainly Byzantine Empire style and imitation Roman style.

By the14th century, Gothic furniture was popular all over Europe.

Byzantine furniture is Byzantine imperial furniture, which combines Roman and oriental art.

Carving and inlay decoration are very fine, and ivory carving is often used for decoration.

Decorative patterns are mainly mosaic vines, mixed with Christian saints, angels and animals.

Romanesque furniture is a furniture style popular in Europe in the 9th-/kloc-0th-3rd century.

Its characteristics are that the legs of chairs and stools are mostly rotating wood, and the boxes and cabinets are simple plate structures, with bright colored paints on the surfaces and metal castings as reinforcement and decoration.

Occasionally apply a little simple bas-relief, showing an unpretentious style.

/kloc-after the 0/4th century, the decorative patterns of Gothic architecture began to be applied to furniture, and the frame panel structure replaced the old method of nailing boxes and cabinets with wooden boards.

New varieties such as high sideboards and box seats have appeared.

The main features of Gothic furniture are rich layers and exquisite carving decoration. The most common patterns are flame decoration, pointed arch, trefoil decoration and tetrafoil decoration.

The commonly used wood is oak.

4. Renaissance (14th century-17th century)

Since the late15th century, the Renaissance architecture has replaced the Gothic architecture, and the resulting Renaissance furniture has swept the whole European continent.

It was not until the beginning of17th century that Baroque furniture gradually evolved on this basis.

The main characteristics of Renaissance furniture are: heavy and dignified appearance, concise and rigorous lines, harmonious facade proportion and classical architectural decoration.

Renaissance furniture has been popular in Europe for nearly two centuries.

Generally speaking, the early decoration was simple and simple, and then it gradually became gorgeous and beautiful.

In addition, different countries also have their own characteristics.

For example, France uses complicated carving decoration, which is rich and luxurious; Britain combined the Renaissance style with its traditional simple and rigid style, forming a simple and rigorous style. The Nordic Renaissance furniture developed slowly, which actually integrated the late Gothic structure with Renaissance decoration.

Baroque style was born out of Renaissance style, but contrary to the latter's rational classicism, it is a passionate romantic style.

The main feature of Baroque furniture is to emphasize the harmony of overall decoration, adopt exaggerated curves and apply China lacquer painting to decorate.

After baroque furniture was introduced into France, it developed into a luxurious and unique French baroque furniture, called Louis XIV furniture.

Commonly used materials are walnut and oak, inlaid with tortoise shells and copper pieces, and the corners of furniture are covered with copper.

The most common decorative patterns are mythical figures, lines and mosaic ornaments.

5.18th century (rococo, neoclassicism)

/kloc-At the beginning of the 0/8th century, rococo-style architecture and furniture have matured and become popular in Europe.

/kloc-In the second half of the 0/8th century, as a reflection of European classicism, neoclassical style rose and replaced Rococo style.

/kloc-the 0/8th century was also the golden age of British furniture development, which produced many famous designers.

Rococo furniture is a new romantic style furniture formed on the basis of deliberately modifying baroque furniture.

Because this style of furniture was formed and popular in the period of Louis XV in France, it is also called Louis XV furniture.

The main feature is the combination of beautiful curves and exquisite carving. All furniture feet are curved, and rococo-style painted furniture is also very distinctive. Among them, black and white paint is the most, decorated with gorgeous gold relief and copper inlay, which has extremely exquisite and elegant artistic effect.

Neoclassical style furniture matured in the period of Louis XVI, also known as Louis XVI style furniture.

It soon spread to Italy, Germany and Spain.

Neoclassical furniture is characterized by a thin straight line as the modeling keynote, the pursuit of overall proportion harmony, without too much detail carving, showing the classical spirit of paying attention to rationality, paying attention to moderation, clear structure and rigorous context.

Most of them use square or round feet that gradually shrink from top to bottom, and the frame part of the cabinet is decorated with precious wood such as mahogany as diamond or cone inlaid veneer.

6.19th century (imperial style, Dmija style)

Imperial style and Dmija style are both retro furniture styles popular in Europe after neoclassicism.

/kloc-In the late 20th century, with the development of the industrial revolution, some anti-traditional movements appeared in the European design circle.

1888 Britain established the Arts and Crafts Association, and then launched the anti-traditional handicraft movement.

This handicraft movement advocates combining the strength of artists and technicians, emphasizing personal handicraft skills and trying to establish a new design form.

Although they completely ignored or even rejected the role of machines, they still created a new furniture form with simplicity and rustic flavor, which made furniture design break away from the imitation of tradition and enter a new era.

Royal furniture came into being after the French Revolution and matured during the reign of 1804- 18 15 Napoleon.

Royal furniture imitates ancient art forms with a faithful archaeological attitude, imitates the outline of ancient buildings in shape, and adopts ancient statues, garlands, ancient bottles and crowns in decoration.

Besides carving, wood inlaying, painting and gold plating, gold-plated copper ornaments are also widely used.

Dmija style furniture is the last furniture style in the history of classical decorative furniture, which is popular in Europe 18 15- 1848.

Dmija style originated from European native furniture has the characteristics of simplicity, simplicity and formality, and is decorated with precious wood such as mahogany.

/kloc-in the middle of the 0/9th century, this style gradually tended to curve modeling and gorgeous decoration, and developed into a new rococo style in Germany; Louis Philippe style was formed in France; In Britain, it developed into an early Victorian style.

These styles are actually imitating and piecing together furniture styles of various styles in history.

7. Modernism in the 20th century

At the beginning of the twentieth century, some modernist movements first appeared in European countries.

The most influential ones are de stijl in the Netherlands and Bauhaus in Germany, which laid the foundation of modern furniture.

After World War II, modern furniture entered a new period of development, and American international style furniture was formed in the United States.