What are the characteristics of enterprise organization structure

Linear systemLinear system is one of the earliest and simplest forms of organization. It is characterized by the implementation of vertical leadership at all levels of administrative units from top to bottom, subordinate departments only accept a superior instruction, the person in charge of all levels is responsible for all the issues of the unit to which it belongs. The factory does not set up another functional organization (can set up functional personnel to assist the person in charge of the work), all management functions basically by the executive in charge of the implementation of their own. The advantages of the linear system of organizational structure is: the structure is relatively simple, clear responsibility, order unity. The disadvantage is that it requires the executive in charge to be versed in a wide range of knowledge and skills and to deal with all kinds of business personally. This is more complex in the business, the enterprise scale is relatively large, all management functions are concentrated in the highest supervisor alone, obviously is difficult to handle. Therefore, the straight-line system is only applicable to the smaller scale, production technology is relatively simple enterprise, the production technology and business management is more complex enterprise is not suitable.

Functional system functional system organizational structure, is the administrative units at all levels, in addition to the person in charge, but also the establishment of a number of functional institutions. Such as the establishment of functional organizations and personnel below the factory director, to assist the factory director to engage in functional management. This structure requires the head of administration to delegate the corresponding management duties and powers to the relevant functional bodies, and each functional body is authorized to give orders to the lower-level administrative units within the scope of its own business. Therefore, in addition to being directed by the higher administrative head, the lower administrative head must also be subject to the leadership of the various functional bodies at the higher level.

The advantage of the functional system is to adapt to the modern industrial enterprise production technology is more complex, the management of the more delicate characteristics; can give full play to the role of professional management of the functional institutions, reduce the workload of the linear leadership. But the shortcomings are also very obvious: it hinders the necessary centralized leadership and unity of command, the formation of multiple leaders; not conducive to the establishment and sound system of accountability of the administrative officers and functional departments at all levels, in the middle management often appear to be a merit to grab, there has been the phenomenon of everyone pushed; In addition, in the higher administrative leadership and functional bodies of the guidance and orders contradictory, the lower level will be at a loss, affecting the normal conduct of work, the normal conduct of work. It is easy to cause slack discipline and chaotic production and management order. Because of the obvious shortcomings of this form of organizational structure, modern enterprises generally do not use the functional system.

Linear-functional system linear-functional system, also called the production area system, or linear staff system. It is on the basis of the linear system and functional system, take the long and make up for the short, absorb the advantages of these two forms and established. The vast majority of our enterprises use this form of organizational structure. This form of organizational structure is the enterprise management institutions and personnel are divided into two categories, one is the linear leadership institutions and personnel, according to the principle of unity of command at all levels of the organization to exercise the right of command; the other is the functional institutions and personnel, according to the principle of specialization, engaged in the organization of the various functions of the management work. The linear leadership bodies and personnel have a certain degree of decision-making power and command authority over their subordinates within their own areas of responsibility, and are fully responsible for the work of their own departments. Functional agencies and personnel, on the other hand, is the staff of the line commanders, can not give orders to the direct department, can only carry out operational guidance.

The advantages of the linear-functional system are: not only to ensure the centralization and unity of the enterprise management system, but also under the leadership of the administrative head at all levels, to give full play to the role of the professional management bodies. Its shortcomings are: collaboration and cooperation between the functional departments is poor, many of the work of the functional departments directly to the upper leadership to deal with instructions, which on the one hand increased the workload of the upper leadership; on the other hand, it also results in low efficiency. In order to overcome these shortcomings, you can set up a variety of integrated committees, or establish a variety of meeting systems to coordinate the work of all aspects of the role of communication, to help the senior leadership of the ideas.

The division system division system was first put forward by the president of General Motors Sloan in 1924, so there is a "Sloan model", also known as "federal decentralization", is a highly (layer) centralized decentralized management system. It applies to large-scale, diverse, technologically complex large enterprises, is a large foreign joint companies used by a form of organization, in recent years, some of China's large enterprise groups or companies have introduced this form of organizational structure. Division system is a form of hierarchical management, hierarchical accounting, self-financing, that is, a company by region or by product category into a number of divisions, from product design, raw material purchases, cost accounting, product manufacturing, until the product sales, are responsible for divisions and affiliated factories, the implementation of separate accounting, independent operation, the company headquarters only retains the personnel to make decisions, budgetary control and supervision of the power, and through profit The company headquarters only retains the personnel decision-making, budget control and supervision power, and through the profit and other indicators of the division for control. Some divisions are only responsible for directing and organizing production, not responsible for purchasing and sales, the implementation of production and supply and marketing separation, but this division is being replaced by the product division. There are also divisions that are divided by region.