What is the structure of a car?

The basic structure of an automobile generally consists of four basic parts: engine, chassis, body and electrical equipment. Automobile engine: The engine is the power device of the automobile. It consists of engine body, crank-connecting rod mechanism, valve train, cooling system, lubrication system, fuel system and ignition system (diesel engine without ignition system). According to fuel, there are two kinds of engines: gasoline engine and diesel engine. There are two working modes: two-stroke and four-stroke. The general engine is a four-stroke engine. Working process of the four-stroke engine: The four-stroke engine is that the piston reciprocates for four strokes to complete a working cycle, including intake, compression, work and exhaust. Four-stroke diesel engines, like gasoline engines, have to go through the processes of intake, compression, work and exhaust. But unlike gasoline engines, gasoline engines are ignition-type and diesel engines are compression-ignition type. Cooling system: generally composed of water tank, water pump, radiator, fan, thermostat, water thermometer and drain switch. There are two cooling methods for automobile engines, namely air cooling and water cooling. Generally, automobile engines are mostly water-cooled. Lubrication system: the engine lubrication system consists of oil pump, filter screen, oil filter, oil circuit, pressure limiting valve, oil gauge, pressure sensitive plug and dipstick.

Fuel system: The fuel system of a gasoline engine consists of fuel tank, gasoline meter, gasoline pipe, gasoline filter, gasoline pump, carburetor, air filter, intake and exhaust manifold, etc. Carburetor: it is a device that mixes gasoline and air into atomized gas according to a certain proportion. This atomized gas is called combustible mixture, which is supplied to the cylinder in a timely and proper amount.

Automobile chassis: transmission system: mainly composed of clutch, transmission, universal joint, transmission shaft and drive axle. Clutch: Its function is to make the power of the engine smoothly engage or temporarily separate from the transmission device, so as to facilitate the driver to start, stop and shift gears.

Transmission: It consists of transmission housing, transmission cover, first shaft, second shaft, intermediate shaft, reverse shaft, gears, bearings, control mechanism and other parts, and is used to change the speed and output torque of the automobile. Drive system: consists of frame, axle, suspension and wheels. Its basic function is to support the quality of the whole vehicle and ensure the running of the vehicle.

Leaf spring and shock absorber: The role of leaf spring is to keep the elastic connection between the frame and the body, wheel or axle. The function of shock absorber is to reduce the vibration when the car is impacted by vibration. The shock absorber is used in parallel with the leaf spring.

Steering system: It consists of steering wheel, steering gear, steering knuckle, steering knuckle arm, tie rod and straight tie rod, and its function is steering.

Front wheel alignment: In order to keep the car running smoothly in a straight line, turn conveniently and reduce the wear of tires and steering parts, the front wheel, steering kingpin and front axle have a certain relative position, which is called "front wheel alignment". It includes kingpin backward inclination, production and marketing inward inclination and front wheel toe-in. Toe value refers to the difference between the front edge distance and the rear edge distance of two front wheels. Braking system: the braking performance of motor vehicles refers to the efficiency of forced parking in the shortest time.

Function of the hand brake: The hand brake is a device to prevent the car from slipping when parking, and it is used in conjunction with the foot brake under special circumstances. Hydraulic braking structure: The hydraulic braking device consists of brake pedal, master brake cylinder, sub-brake cylinder, drum (wheel) brake and oil pipe.

Pneumatic braking device: it consists of brake pedal, air compressor, barometer, brake valve, brake air chamber, drum (wheel) brake and air pipe. Electrical equipment: Automobile electrical equipment is mainly composed of battery, generator, regulator, starter, ignition system, instrument, lighting device, audio device and wiper.

Battery: The function of the battery is to supply power to the starter, and supply power to the engine ignition system and other electrical equipment when the engine starts or runs at low speed. When the engine is running at high speed, the generator generates enough electricity, and the battery can store excess electricity. Each battery cell has a positive electrode and a negative electrode. Its identification method is: the positive electrode is engraved with a "+"sign, which is dark brown; The negative electrode is engraved with "-",which is light gray. Starter: Its function is to convert electric energy into mechanical energy, drive the crankshaft to rotate and start the engine. When using the starter, it should be noted that the starting time should not exceed 5 seconds each time, the interval between each use should not be less than 10- 15 seconds, and it should be used continuously for no more than 3 times. If the continuous starting time is too long, it will cause a lot of discharge of the battery and overheating and smoking of the starting coil, which will easily damage the parts.