The History of Chinese Medicine

Chinese medicine culture is rich in substance When it comes to Chinese medicine culture, it is rich in substance as it has a long history of thousands of years. However, both Chinese and foreigners lack a comprehensive and deep understanding of its rich cultural connotations, which has led to some misunderstandings. The fundamental reason is that for a long time, our research and publicity of the drug culture, the efforts are very insufficient, in the long run, undoubtedly on the inheritance of the cause of Chinese medicine, development and promotion is very unfavorable. Here, choose the essentials, a little discussion, to the readers.

Some people say that Chinese medicine is the bark of the tree, the roots of the grass, this is partly right.

Chinese medicine can not be separated from the bark, roots, such as neem root bark, peony bark, cedar root, white grass root, etc. are traditional Chinese medicine, but not all the bark, roots are traditional Chinese medicine; traditional Chinese medicine is mainly originated in China, in addition to plant medicine, animal medicine, such as snake gallbladder, bear gallbladder, snake, antler, antler, etc., shellfish such as pearls, sea clamshells, minerals, such as keel bone, magnets and so on, are used to treat the disease of the traditional Chinese medicine. A few Chinese medicines are of foreign origin, such as American ginseng.

At present, with the development and research of Chinese medicine resources, many folk medicines are also categorized as Chinese medicine. Therefore, Chinese medicine is based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, used to prevent and cure diseases of plants, animals and minerals and their processed products, whether produced in China, foreign countries are called Chinese medicine. Chinese medicine has a unique theoretical system and application form, fully reflecting the characteristics of China's natural resources and history, culture and other aspects.

One of the poisons is not "poison" Dating back to the ancient Shennong era, "Huainanzi - repair training" recorded: "Shennong ...... taste of herbs, water springs of the sweet and bitter, so that the people know what to avoid. When this time, a day and met seventy-two poison." From this, all the ancient medicines to cure diseases are generally called "poisons". Su Wen - Different Methods and Formulas (素问-异法方宜論) said, "The disease is born within, and its treatment is appropriate for poison." In the view of the ancients, three poisons in medicine actually refer to the characteristics of the drug; later it was used to specifically refer to the more toxic drugs. Medical Questions and Answers explains: "The medicine is poisonous, so Shennong discernment of all kinds of grass is called 'tasting poison'. The treatment of disease by medicine is nothing but the extraction of poison by poison and the detoxification of poison by poison." Zhang Zhongjing, the sage of medicine, even more insightful theory: "medicine, grass, wood, insects, fish, birds, animals and so on, in order to be able to cure the disease, are called poison", "all can avoid the evil and positive, can be called poison." Shennong met seventy-two poisons in one day, that is to say, in one day, he identified the characteristics of more than 70 kinds of drugs. The characteristics of medicines can cure diseases and save lives if they are used correctly, but they can hurt people and harm their lives if they are used incorrectly. In the case of traditional Chinese medicine, it is a matter of curing diseases with poisons. Shennong tasted a hundred herbs of herbs, is a courageous exploration of great righteousness, is a life and death of noble behavior. No wonder on the beginning of the pre-Qin, written in the Eastern Han Dynasty, after hundreds of years, the integration of several generations of pharmaceutical scientists hard work and wisdom of the first Chinese medicine tome, the authors would rather hide their names, and crowned with the name of "Shennong" - "Shennong Materia Medica", "Shennong Materia Medica", "the first Chinese medicine tome. In addition to the influence of the ancient style, I am afraid that this is also a memorial to the saint of Chinese pharmacology! It is not difficult to see the rich cultural connotation of the word "poison". It is this poison that has made an indelible contribution to the prosperity of the Chinese nation and to the healing of the sick.

Second, the four qi cure Chinese medicine has "qi", "qi" is what? The first is that it is not a good idea to use it as a tool for the treatment of diseases. Our answers are all in the affirmative. In the Shennong Ben Cao Jing, it says: "Medicine also has four qi: cold, hot, warm and cool."

"Cure cold with hot medicine, cure heat with cold medicine." The "four qi" of medicine is derived from this. When it comes to "qi" in the theory of Chinese medicine, there are actually 27 definitions. This "qi" is not a concept in our daily lives, but refers specifically to "medicinal properties". Our ancestors used cold, hot, warm, cool to interpret the characteristics of medicine, than the "poison" to be more specific, scientific, this Chinese medicine, not only rich in content, but also a cultural interest. There are tonifying qi, tonifying heart, tonifying blood, tonifying kidney, tonifying spleen, tonifying liver, tonifying lung, tonifying yin, tonifying yang and so on, and the corresponding prescription drugs are "tonifying heart Dan, tonifying liver powder, tonifying lung powder, four things soup, rejuvenating spleen soup, tonifying yin pills, tonifying blood and glorifying tendon pills, tonifying middle-aged and benefiting qi pills, four gentleman's soup, qi chrysanthemum and rhubarb pills, six flavors of rhubarb pills, lily of the valley and gold soup, tonifying yang and five soups, tonifying kidney and magnet pills, tonifying lungs, etc., single medicine that has the above function, and it has the function of tonification. There are no less than dozens of single-flavored medicines with the above functions, to name a few. This kind of tonic method is mostly to tonify the organs and qi. The "fill", is to adjust, enhance the meaning; the "gas", refers to the physiological function, that is, the use of drugs to regulate and enhance the physiological function of the five viscera and six bowels, so that they play a normal role, fully reflecting the role of traditional Chinese medicine on the human body's functional organs to treat the root cause of the role. Shennong Ben Cao Jing" in the drug is divided into the upper, middle and lower three products (i.e., "class"), and said: "on the drug to support life, Chinese medicine to support the nature of the next drug to cure the disease." It also says: "the upper medicine ...... for the king, the main nourishing life to respond to the sky", "Chinese medicine ...... for the minister, the main nourishing nature to respond to the people" , "The lower medicine ...... is the adjuvant, the main treatment of disease to respond to the earth."

The so-called nourishing life, nourishing nature, are highlighting the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine to nourish the human body, so as to ensure that the organism, various organs and tissues function properly, which is one of the reasons why many people believe in traditional Chinese medicine.

It is the progress of traditional Chinese medicine and its characteristics, which is also full of cultural implications. This characteristic of Chinese medicine is being integrated into every medicine because it is very important for healing and curing diseases. For cold disease should use hot medicine, for hot disease should use cold medicine, here medicine and disease is opposite, the so-called opposite, which is a specific manifestation of the drug culture. If not, if "to heat to benefit heat (hot medicine for hot diseases, the next sentence like this), to cold to increase the cold", will lead to "the essence of the internal injury, do not see (now) in the outside", which is a serious therapeutic error ("Han Shu - Arts and Letters - literature and technology strategy"). Sun Simiao in the "Great Medical Sincerity" seriously criticized those "cold and cold (is cold disease, but with cold to make the disease more cold, the next sentence like this), hot and warm" doctors, "is heavy plus (i.e., aggravate) its disease", will lead to death. In Chinese medicine, this method of medication is called the "positive treatment", i.e., the conventional treatment. There is also a "counter-therapeutic", which will be described in this article "its five". This shows that the use of medicine "four qi" to cure, is how important, many people who have taken Chinese medicine, may know little about it.

Thirdly, the medicine is interesting. In addition, there are flavor tonic. "Shennong Ben Cao Jing" said: "medicine has sour, salty, sweet, bitter, pungent five flavors. What is the role of these five flavors on the human body? In the "Su Wen - Xuan Ming five qi chapter" in the understanding: "five flavors into (i.e., into the organs): sour into the liver, bitter into the heart, sweet into the spleen, Xin into the lungs, salty into the kidneys". It can be seen that the different flavors of the medicine, the efficacy of different, the reason is that the sour taste can collect astringent, bitter taste can drain can dry, sweet taste can be complementary to slow, pungent taste can be dispersed can walk, salty taste can be soft and moisten the next. According to the medicinal function of the five flavors and into the corresponding viscera, can also play its "complement" (or tonic, or conditioning) role. I am afraid that these are not familiar with the connotation of the general public. There are even more unexpected complementary, will be in this article "its five" have described.

Fourth, the ruler and his ministers. Junchen is a political term, the ancient emperor, vassals are said to be the king, auxiliary king called ministers, junchen has a strict hierarchical division. Ancient pharmacologists introduced it into drug compounding formulas, becoming the basic principle of formula composition. As early as in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, in the book "Su Wen - to the true to be a great theory", Qibo replied to Emperor Huangdi about the "formula system of the ruler and ministers", said: "the main disease is called the king, supporting the king is called the minister, the minister should be called to make the ministers", the "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing", said: "the drugs have The Divine Husbandman's Classic of the Materia Medica says: "Medicine has a ruler, a minister, a supporter, and a messenger, in order to pronounce each other". He Bozhai of the Ming Dynasty further explained that: "generally speaking, the medicine of the cure, each has its own master, the main cure, the king is also; auxiliary cure, the minister is also; and the king of the medicine and the opposite and help each other, Zuo is also; cited by the medicine to make the cure of the disease, the disease, make it also". This clearly explains the functions of the ruler, the minister, the adjuvant and the enabler. To be more detailed, the king's medicine is for the main disease or the main evidence, play a major role in the drug, according to the need to use a flavor or several flavors; subject medicine is to assist the king's medicine to strengthen the treatment of the main disease or the main evidence of the role of the drug, or for the part of the disease or the part of the evidence of the main therapeutic effect of drugs; adjuvant is to assist the king's medicine to play a therapeutic role, or the treatment of secondary symptoms, or to eliminate (alleviate) the king's medicine, the subject of the drug's toxicity, or used to counter-adjuvant medicine, so that the drug is to play a lead meridian or harmonizing effect of drugs. or harmonizing drugs. For example, the first formula in the Treatise on Typhoid Fever, "Ephedra Soup", is used to treat the superficial symptoms of external wind-cold. The first medicine, ephedra (3 taels), is pungent and warm, and is used for sweating and dispersing wind-cold, and for promoting lung qi to calm asthma. Gui Zhi (2 taels), pungent, sweet and warm, warms the meridians and the camp, and assists ephedra in sweating and dispersing surface cold. Almonds (70 pieces), bitter and warm, lowering lung qi and helping ephedra to calm asthma. The medicine is made of roasted licorice (1 tael), which is bitter and warm, harmonizing all the medicines and restraining Ma and Gui from sweating too much. As hemp, cinnamon and apricot all enter the lungs and have the effect of inducing menstruation, they are no longer used to induce menstruation. Ephedra, cinnamon sticks, almonds, roasted licorice of the medicinal properties of the sub, mutual constraints and complement each other, coordinated role, the formation of a powerful force to attack the external wind-cold this fortress, the clinical efficacy of the very significant, become the ancient famous formula, prescription. The composition of Chinese medicine prescription is not a simple combination of several drugs, but an organic whole formed basically in the rich clinical practice. The core of the cultural connotation is the "harmony" emphasized by Confucianism.

The culture of Chinese medicine is rich

Fifth, the philosophy of medicine. Chinese medicine has its own pharmacology, as mentioned earlier; and its philosophy, often overlooked or unrecognized. We know that philosophy is to teach people how to understand things at a higher level, to understand the world, and to find out the law, in order to better guide us from the "Kingdom of necessity" into the "Kingdom of Freedom". Here only on the medicine in the philosophy of one or two. (A) medicine has "yin and yang": "yin and yang" is an ancient Chinese philosophy of a concept that summarizes the world of everything relative to the two different attributes of the universe, as large as the universe, as small as the grass, trees, fish and insects of the contradictions and oppositions, **** sex and personality, not all in it! It summarizes the contradictions and oppositions, ****ness and individuality of everything under the sun. Here are only some of the concepts related to nature, medicine, personal to see a spot: heaven and earth, the sun and the moon, men and women, rigid and flexible, static and dynamic, lifting and lowering, life and death, long and dead, hot and cold, positive and evil, benefit and loss, increase and decrease, blood, organs ...... Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica, said: "The medicine has a yin and yang with the mother and the son and the brother. " Later generations of medical scientists used "yin and yang" to explain pharmacology. Jin Dynasty physician Li Gao said in the "Dongguan ten books - Tang Liquid Materia Medica" in the chapter of "medicinal class Fa Xiang": "warm, cold and hot, the four qi is also. Warm and hot is the yang of heaven; cool and cold is the yin of heaven. This is the yin and yang of the sky is also ...... pungent, sweet, light, sour, bitter and salty, five flavors are also. Xin sweet and light, the earth's Yang; sour, bitter and salty, the earth's Yin. This is the yin and yang of the earth. Taste of the thin, for the yin in the sun, taste thin is through, sour, bitter and salty flat is also; taste of the thick, for the yin in the yin, taste thick is leaking, sour, bitter and salty cold is also. Gas of the thick, for the Yang in the Yang, gas thick is hot, Xin Gan warm is also; gas of the thin, for the Yin in the Yang, gas thin is venting, Xin Gan light flat cool cold is also ...... odor Xin Gan dispersal for the Yang, sour and sweet gushing leakage for the Yin." Through the yin and yang, both explain the characteristics of the drug, but also clarified the efficacy of the drug, with a high degree of generalization and regularity. (ii) There is a "counter-rule" to the rule. In the second part of the book, the "positive cure" is mentioned, as well as the "negative cure". Counter-therapeutic treatment is the opposite of positive treatment, and it is the treatment that is used when the disease appears to be false, or when there is a big cold certificate or a big heat certificate, and the positive treatment is rejected. Among them, there is "heat because of cold", which is to use hot medicine to treat the true cold and false heat evidence, to be accompanied by a small amount of cold medicine, or hot medicine cool service to play a role; there is "cold because of heat", which refers to the use of cold medicine to treat the true heat and false cold evidence, to be accompanied by a small amount of warm and hot medicines, or cold medicines and hot drinks to play a role. This reflects both the identification of the symptoms of TCM and the identification of the cause of the disease. This reflects both the identification of Chinese medicine, but also reflects the dialectical approach to medicine, with deep philosophical connotations, which is unique to the culture of Chinese medicine. (iii) There is philosophy in tonicity. In its three, talking about two aspects of the medicine complement, Jin Dynasty physician Zhang Yizheng on complement, philosophical, unique. 1, he was in the "sweating spit three method of the end of the treatment of the interpretation of the disease," an article, from the perspective of supporting the right to get rid of evil, according to the theory of the five elements of traditional Chinese medicine, that get rid of the evil is to support the right to be unique, put forward with the "Suwen" different "five complementary": "Pungent tonic for the liver, salty tonic for the heart, sweet tonic for the kidney, sour tonic for the spleen, bitter tonic for the lungs". Taking "Xin" as an example, the flavor of Xin originally enters the lungs, which belongs to gold; the liver belongs to wood, and gold can overcome wood, so it is used to supplement the liver with Xin (the following are all modeled after this). Zhang Yizheng's treatment emphasized the elimination of evils as the mainstay, believing that evils go away and the positive is at peace with itself, and he favored the offensive method, and his so-called "tonic" actually contained the meaning of "offensive treatment", which was later referred to as the "Attack on the Lower School". 2, he was in the "complementary theory", but also a high theory: "I would like to say for the complementary method, generally speaking, there is a surplus of loss, insufficient to make up for, is to make up for the meaning of also. Yang have more than enough Yin, when the loss of Yang and Yin; Yin have more than enough Yang, when the loss of Yin and Yang". So, how to make up for it? He is so elaborated: is a hot evidence, the use of rhubarb and nitrate a class of cold medicine, in order to "loss of yang and make up for the yin"; is a cold evidence, the use of dry ginger and epiphyllum a class of hot medicine, in order to "loss of yin and make up for the yang". His conclusion is shocking: "can not be hot medicine and the cloud to complement it? And cold medicine also has the meaning of tonic." Just these two examples can be seen, this is exactly Zhang Congzheng so can be self-contained superhuman place. Philosophy and cultural heritage, we need to savor, to understand the drug culture of the Samadhi. (D) The use of drugs to talk about "neutralization". "Neutralization" is the philosophy of Confucianism, which believes that if we can "achieve neutralization", everything will be in harmony. The Saying of the Writings: "...... The harmonization of things is called and." Neutralization, used in pharmacology, the meaning of three layers: one is to harmonize, with different factors to moderate with, so that the proportion is appropriate, such as the chef's cooking soup, containing the meaning of the method; two is harmonious, balanced, unified state. "Harmony" is the world's **** line of the road. Confucius said, "The gentleman is different from the gentleman." It means that a gentleman uses his own correct opinion to correct the wrong opinions of others, so that everything is just right, but refuses to blindly agree with them. It can be seen that a gentleman understands the principle of "harmony" very well, and our ancient medicine practitioners were such gentlemen! Yang Bojun in the "Analects of Confucius Commentary" in the image of the explanation "and": "and, like the five flavors of the harmony of the eight tones, there must be water, fire, sauce, vinegar, a variety of different materials in order to reconcile the taste; there must be a high and low, the length, the pace of the different tones in order to make the harmony of the music. " Among the kings, ministers and auxiliaries, there is also the question of the optimal combination, which is why a few medicines in the Ephedra Soup can achieve the optimal pungent, warm and symptomatic effect, whereas Ephedra paired with the pungent, warm and symptomatic medicines such as fine pungent and Qiangwu cannot achieve such an effect. Between the ruler and the minister, there is not only the relationship of mutual coordination (cooperation), but also the relationship of mutual constraints, Yanzi said: "The ruler and the minister are also the same. When the ruler says "yes", but there is no "no", the minister offers his "no" to become his "yes"; when the ruler says "no", but there is no "no", the minister offers his "no" to be his "no"." The meaning is: the king and his ministers are also like this, can't the king say yes, the minister also says yes; the king says no, the minister also says no, so that "water for water, who can eat it? If the qin and the sepulchre are specialized, who can listen to them?" When the ruler says yes, the minister says no, and vice versa. The same is true of the ruler and minister in a prescription. From the hemp apricot stone glycerin soup, is the treatment of evil heat congestion of the lungs of the famous formula, with ephedra for the monarch, declaring lung asthma, is "fire depression of the" meaning, but the nature of the warm, so with pungent glycerin cold gypsum for the subject, gypsum can be clear declared lung heat, but also constraints on the warmth of the ephedra to make it go to the nature of the deposit, the two are compatible with the lungs, lungs, lungs heat, coughing and wheezing flat, the effectiveness of the reliable, the matching of the lungs and depression, lungs heat, cough flat. Deeply realize the wonderful combination of variation, this can be said to be "the minister to offer its can and go to its not" of the paradigm. I think, the reason why the Chinese medicine prescription has thousands of years of vitality, never by chance, we mentioned in this paper, its two, its three, its four and its five content, in the world of pharmacy theory and culture, are unique, unique. They not only integrate the wisdom of our ancestors in pharmacology of materialistic dialectics, but also formed the guidelines that must be followed in Chinese medicine prescription, but also has an extremely rich cultural heritage.

Sixth, the use of drugs have the art of war. The ancients said: "medication such as military, any doctor such as Ren will." The use of military strategy and tactics, and the use of medicine is the same, not only to be familiar with the nature of the medicine, but also to hit the disease, targeted, in order to achieve the purpose of the cure. If you say that the medicine such as military, it is necessary to understand their comparison in the connection: medicine has the nature of the category, the soldiers have the type of equipment; medicine has a light with heavy use, the soldiers have auxiliary attack the main attack; medicine has a slow and urgent attack and fill, the soldiers have a weak and weak; medicine has a good match, the soldiers have a surprise victory ...... Qing Dynasty famous doctor Xu Dachun, not only proficient in medicine, but also well versed in the art of war, "dancing sword to take a lance, more to hit the disease, in order to achieve the purpose of the cure. "Dance sword seize long lance, hook pawn Ying Yue (layout command combat) method, all not declare (extensive) study", is the representative of this area, has been authored "medicine such as military theory", to tell the reasoning. He discussed in a very graphic and insightful way that: for the disease that follows the six meridians, we should occupy the parts that have not yet been invaded in advance, just like cutting off the enemy's path of passage; for the fierce disease, we should guard the parts that have not yet caused the disease as quickly as guarding our dangerous territory; for the disease caused by holding accumulated food, we should eliminate the accumulated food first, just like the enemy's provisions and wagons of food that have been burned; for the complications of the old and new diseases, we should eliminate the accumulated food first. Complications of old and new diseases, we must prevent the old and new diseases from converging, just like cutting off the enemy's internal response ...... In addition, it is also said that the use of medicine to identify the meridians, just like sending out reconnaissance troops; based on the disease of the cold and heat there are counter-therapeutic methods, just like the implementation of the strategy of dividing and disassociating ...... The disease is developing, it is not appropriate to attack and treat the disease when the evil is rampant, and should hold on to the righteousness, which is like making the enemy army tired; the disease is declining, it is necessary to pursue the place where the evil is retreating, and then increase the elite drugs, which is like destroying the enemy's nest. There are many other aspects involved, not all of which will be cited here. In short, it fully enlightens us, between the use of medicine and the use of military force, to explore the reasoning in depth, and is by no means a deliberate sensationalism. Xu Dachun finally concluded: "Sun Tzu's Art of War" is a book in which the method of treating diseases is completely included. How hypnotizing

Seventh, the concept of traditional Chinese medicine. When it comes to the concept of traditional Chinese medicine, there seems to be no problem, but in reality this is not the case. In many ordinary people, and even professionals, there is still a vague understanding of this. Here only on a hot topic "natural medicine is equal to Chinese medicine" to talk about the views. Some years ago, when the world was in the midst of the "natural medicine" craze, people in our own industry also advocated replacing "Chinese medicine" with "natural medicine", saying that this was an important way to bring the world into line with westerners' acceptance of Chinese medicine. They said that this was an important step towards convergence with the world and the acceptance of Chinese medicine by Westerners. This move has created quite a wave in the pharmaceutical sector, and it has continued to this day. People with a little knowledge know that the proposal and rise of "natural medicine" is a response of the western pharmaceutical industry to the fear of westerners of the toxic side effects of chemically synthesized drugs, and thus turn to nature to find a new way of medicine, through research, from certain plants and animals containing special medicinal ingredients, the use of science and technology to extract a medicinal ingredient or (a number of) medicinal ingredients, made into drugs for clinical use, which is undoubtedly the most important step in the development of Chinese medicine. This is undoubtedly a new field and a new development in contemporary pharmaceutics. It is incredible: why some people even accept new things as a pretext, all of a sudden linked to the Chinese medicine, that Chinese medicine soup Westerners say it is "a pot of thick black soup of grass roots and bark, both unhygienic, but also hard to drink, but also can not say what it is composed of, it is really horrible"; Chinese medicine pills Westerners said it was "a black mass of pills, hard to accept". So it came to this conclusion: Chinese medicine is backward, the ingredients can not tell, should be quickly changed to "natural medicine", otherwise there will be no market in the international community, no future. Is "Chinese medicine" really facing a desperate situation, so miserable that it has to change its name in order to survive? Our view is clear: "natural medicine" is not the same as "Chinese medicine", please keep a clear head. The concept and connotation of "natural medicine" have been briefly described above; the concept and connotation of "Chinese medicine" are definitely not the same. Although most of the Chinese herbal medicines are taken from "nature", and some of them can be used directly for medicinal purposes, they are not yet "Chinese medicines" in the true sense of the word, and what we call "Chinese medicines" cannot be generalized. First of all, it refers to all kinds of tablets that have been concocted. The role of concoctions, in addition to the removal of impurities, easy to prepare and take, but more importantly, to eliminate or reduce the toxicity and side effects of drugs, change the performance of drugs, enhance the efficacy. Take Di Huang as an example, raw Di Huang clears heat and cools the blood, and after being steamed and sun-dried into cooked Di Huang with wine, it has the efficacy of warming and nourishing the kidneys and tonifying the blood. Concoctions are divided into water system, fire system, water and fire system. Water system has washing, rinsing, soaking, impregnation, water flying, etc.; fire system has calcined, shelled, simmered, fried, baked, roasted, roasted, etc.; water and fire combined system has steamed, boiled, quenched, etc.. And each method contains a number of specific methods, its connotation is extremely rich. And these concoctions have now become our national treasures and secrets. Secondly, traditional Chinese medicine refers to the four qi and five flavors, the ruler and minister, and other characteristics and laws of the prescription of drugs, rather than arbitrary mixture, and then according to the need, or soup, or pills, or bulk, or cream ...... Thus, "traditional Chinese medicine" and the "Natural medicines" are not to be confused with each other, nor to be replaced by each other. With thousands of years of history of Chinese medicine, what is the need for the rise of "natural medicines", on the chaotic camp, automatic retreat, active proximity, and even to declare surrender? Chinese medicine is the medicine of the Chinese nation, and it is only when it is first of all national that it is global. Its four qi and five flavors, the ruler and minister and make, positive and negative treatment and a series of unique laws and cultural connotations, is not to be recklessly discarded, and can not be arbitrarily replaced. Westerners can not say that it is "a pot of thick black soup", "a black black pills", we consciously Chinese medicine backward, no bottom. If we give up the soup, the characteristics of Chinese medicine (diagnosis and treatment) will lose its luster, and the consequences will be serious. Nowadays, there are fuzzy mathematics and fuzzy logic, which are undoubtedly advanced scientific disciplines. This reminds me of a pot of soup, a ball of pills, the current composition of the drug after they are temporarily unable to say, then, why not call it "fuzzy pharmacology"? From this, I think of the world, whether it is the natural world or the scientific world is not a lot of "fuzzy" puzzle in the confusion of mankind, waiting for us to investigate, research, uncover the mystery? How much do we know about the universe, and how many fuzzy unknown, but we do not have a comprehensive cosmology? On the earth where human beings live, we still have a lot of fuzzy and unknown, but don't we have comprehensive earth science? On the human body itself, how much we still have fuzzy and unknown, the introduction of the human genome, undoubtedly a great step forward, and comprehensive human science is still facing how many subjects to be explored. Humans will not because of a natural phenomenon is in the fuzzy, and go to blame it; humans will not because of the pyramids and many other ancient buildings in the fuzzy, and go to blame them; humans will not be on their own organs, tissues, and functions of the fuzzy, and go to blame them ...... Similarly, human beings are temporarily on the pot of medicinal soup, a pill of the ingredients are in a state of ambiguity, so what's the big deal? What's more, they have existed for thousands of years, saving and maintaining hundreds of millions of people, and this alone is enough to prove the scientific and effective nature of Chinese medicine. I don't believe that if we tell the Westerners these truths, they will still have to fight with Chinese medicine ! Let the world know the connotation of Chinese medicine, the culture of Chinese medicine, and how rich it is! Our task, while promoting Chinese medicine to the world, to increase the promotion of the culture of medicine. I advocate that "Chinese medicine" and "natural medicine" should co-exist with each other, learn from each other, friendly **** survival, each seek development. The world is so vast, so many human beings, it is impossible not to tolerate these two things coexist **** exist. They have their own characteristics, each has its own advantages, there is no need to "merge into one". Gold always shines. Westerners are not still eating Chinese pancakes, doughnuts, bean juice and dishes? Have they not sung Chinese songs, Peking Opera, spoken Chinese comedy, and worn Chinese cheongsams and cloth shoes? If there is a real need, foreigners will still drink Chinese medicine soup and take Chinese medicine pills.

Compounding of Chinese medicine

Compounding refers to the selective use of two or more medicines in accordance with the needs of the disease and the characteristics of the medicine. The occurrence and development of the disease is often intricate and complex, rapidly changing, often manifested as a combination of the real and the imaginary, cold and hot mixed, a number of diseases, so it is difficult to take care of all sides of a single drug. Therefore, it is often necessary to use more than two kinds of drugs at the same time. Drugs used in conjunction with each other, drugs and drugs will have certain interactions, such as some can enhance or reduce the original efficacy, some can inhibit or eliminate the toxic side effects, some can produce or enhance the toxic side effects. Therefore, when using more than two drugs, there must be a choice, which raises the question of the relationship between drug compounding. Formerly known as the application of a single drug with the drug and the relationship between the drug is called the drug for the "seven feelings", "seven feelings", in addition to a single line, the remaining six aspects of the relationship is to talk about the relationship between the pairing. (a) single line: that is, without the need for compounding, a single flavor of medicine can cure the disease, known as single line. For example, Qing Jin San is a single flavor of Scutellaria baicalensis to treat lung-heat coughing up blood. (B) phases must: that is, the performance and efficacy of similar drugs with the application, in order to enhance the original therapeutic effect. Such as gypsum and Zhimu with, can significantly enhance the therapeutic effect of clearing heat and fire; rhubarb and manganese nitrate with, can significantly enhance the therapeutic effect of attacking heat; scorpion, centipede, can significantly enhance the role of antispasmodic convulsions. (C) make: that is, in terms of performance and efficacy of certain **** sex, or performance and efficacy, although not the same, but the same therapeutic purpose of the drug with the application of a drug as the main drug, plus a drug as a supplement to improve the efficacy of the main drug. Such as tonifying qi and water astragalus with water and spleen Poria, Poria can improve the therapeutic effect of astragalus tonifying qi and water. (D) phase fear: that is, the toxic reaction or side effect of a drug can be reduced or eliminated by another drug. For example, the toxicity of Radix et Rhizoma Pinelliae and Radix Notoginseng can be alleviated or eliminated by Radix Ginger, so Radix et Rhizoma Pinelliae and Radix Notoginseng are said to be afraid of Radix Ginger. (E) kill each other: that is, a drug can reduce or eliminate the toxicity or side effects of another drug. For example, ginger can reduce or eliminate the toxicity or side effects of Sheng half-summer and Sheng Nanxing, so ginger is said to kill Sheng half-summer and Sheng Nanxing. It can be seen that the phase fear, kill each other is actually the same relationship between the two references, is the treatment of drugs with each other in terms of. (F) phase evil: that is, the two drugs together, a drug can make the other drug original efficacy is reduced, or even lost. For example, ginseng is evil to turnip, because turnip can weaken the ginseng's qi effect. (G) the opposite: that is, the two drugs used together, can produce or enhance the toxic reaction or side effects. Such as "18 against", "19 fear" in a number of drugs. In addition to the above six aspects of a single line, the relationship between the changes can be summarized as four, that is, in the case of compounding: ① some drugs due to synergistic effects to enhance the efficacy of clinical use of drugs to make full use of; ② some drugs may be antagonistic to each other and offset, weakening the original efficacy of the drug should be noted; ③ some drugs due to the interactions, but the original toxicity or elimination of side effects in the application of toxic drugs or potent drugs. Application of toxic drugs or potent drugs must be considered for selection; ④ some drugs due to interactions and produce or enhance the toxic side effects, is a contraindication, in principle, should be avoided. Based on the above, it can be seen that from the single drug to the application of compounding, is through a long process of practice and understanding of the gradual accumulation of rich. The application of drug compounding is the main form of Chinese medicine. Drugs are combined according to a certain degree of law, and to determine a certain proportion of the amount, made into the appropriate dosage form, that is, the formula. Formulas are the development of drug compounding and the higher form of drug compounding application. About 6,000 years, from the Shennong tasted a hundred herbs at that time on the