What country invented poker? When did it come to China? What place did people invent poker?

The birth of playing cards has a history of hundreds of years, but so far there is no conclusion, the French believe that poker was invented by the French in 1392; the Belgians said that Belgium as early as 1379 on the emergence of playing cards; the Italians said that poker is the invention of the Italians in 1376, and said that it was invented in Egypt, India, North Korea, and other countries, and more Westerners believe that the Chinese paper cards in the 12-13th century (the Southern Song Dynasty) to Europe, according to this statement, the earliest country to invent playing cards should be considered the Chinese. More Westerners believe that Chinese cards were introduced to Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries (during the Southern Song Dynasty), according to which, the first country to invent playing cards should be considered China. According to written records, a poker-like card game appeared in China as early as 969 AD. At that time, a Chinese deck of cards had four suits, each with 14 cards, and was used both as banknotes and for card games. The Evolution of Playing Cards In the beginning, playing cards were all hand-painted by artists, making them expensive, especially the tarot cards popular in Italy and France, which were usually painted by court painters. In 1428, a famous painter named Miguel Arcanyis was commissioned by Queen Mary of Spain to draw a deck of playing cards for her, and a merchant presented a beautiful box to put this deck of cards, which, as you can imagine, must have been a very beautiful deck of cards. In France, there is a deck of cards hand-painted by Jacquemin Gringonneur on the orders of King Charles VI of France in 1392. In Germany, museums contain hand-painted playing cards featuring hunting from 1427 to 1445. On some of the poker cards that have been preserved from antiquity, pinholes can be found, which, upon examination, were caused by the poker card owners of the time who nailed these cards to the walls for display as works of art. This can prove that these pokers were very precious at that time. In the 15th century, due to the development of woodcut printing, so that the poker can be produced industrially, so that the poker game was rapidly promoted. At that time, the wooden molds for printing were mainly made of boxwood and pearwood. At that time, the poker was first printed on cardboard with black ink black and white patterns, and then in accordance with the printed lines with artificial coloring, but coloring is not necessarily in accordance with the printed lines to color, this coloring method is very fast coloring, high productivity, and was welcomed by a number of artists who are good at mixing colors. Later invented a new coloring method, the use of perforated thin cardboard covered in the printed pattern of black and white, and then used on the red, blue, yellow and other colors of dike in the cardboard swept above, the color through the holes in the cardboard printed on the cardboard, this method to the production efficiency is greatly improved, for the popularity of the mass popularization of the poker has played an important role. In all countries, this method was still used until the 19th century. At the same time, poker producers used copper plate printing to produce excellent quality poker, which is still hand-colored by artists, the pattern is very beautiful. This high quality poker could be found in almost all European countries before the 17th century. Due to technical constraints, poker coloring is still difficult and relatively expensive, so the poker before the 19th century was always unaffordable to the general public, and only the middle and upper classes could enjoy it. In 1832, a poker printer in London, England, called Doma invented a new printing technology, greatly improving the quality of printing, for which the British royal family also specially honored him. In 1833, Germany B. Dondorf invented the flatbed printing technology, and the application of this technology can be printed at the same time 16 colors printing poker, the use of this technology, so that the rapid development of the production of poker, the real popularity, into the tens of thousands of households, into the lives of ordinary people. The earliest round poker was produced by Germany in the 15th century, the United States in 1874 for the first time in the production of round poker, followed by the United Kingdom, Spain and other countries have been produced one after another. However, it must be noted that the traditional poker in India is round, but it is difficult to verify the earliest date of its production. In the beginning, the backs of the poker were unprinted, and it was not until the middle of the 17th century that producers began to print some simple geometric designs on the backs of the poker. Early Spanish poker merchants printed their names in the poker as a warranty of quality, and beginning in the 17th century, some manufacturers began to use some astronomical symbols, such as the sun, stars, the moon and other patterns as trademarks. In Spain, in the 16th century, began to have poker manufacturers to produce the top and bottom edge of the notched poker, in order to facilitate in the game of poker holders to distinguish between the four suits. No notch represents "coins", one notch is "cups", two notches are "swords", three notches are "sticks". "This poker soon became the standard of poker at the time, other manufacturers scrambled to follow suit. 18th century, began to print Roman numerals on the corner of the card 1 to 12, and later used Arabic numerals. Unlike the corner code invented in the United States in the 19th century, only the numbers were printed but not the suit markings.In the 18th century, Spain for the first time printed two-way head cards that could be viewed upside down, and the earliest two-way head card poker now in the collection was produced in 1790. In the 19th century, this printing method was only popularized in other countries. In 1778, Spain produced the first small poker specially provided for small children to play. Spanish poker before the 18th century, the suit "cup" knight a card are printed "AI VA" or "AHI VA". Since Columbus discovered the American continent, a large number of themes about the New World appeared in the poker pattern. In the 18th century, playing cards with silver inlays appeared. Since the 17th century, the educational and commemorative significance of the color poker is widely popular, almost all the historical events in the poker was reacted, but also produced a large number of other intellectual and educational poker. A large number of other intellectual and educational pokers were also produced, such as satirical cartoons, mythological stories, astronomical knowledge, music, geography, animals, opera and other subjects. These poker are very popular and collected by collectors.