What's the difference between ownership structure and company organization structure? The organizational structure is very similar to the ownership structure to a great extent. The higher the position

What's the difference between ownership structure and company organization structure? The organizational structure is very similar to the ownership structure to a great extent. The higher the position, the better, right? Ownership structure refers to the proportion of different shares in the total share capital of a joint-stock company and their relationship. Equity refers to the rights and interests of stock holders corresponding to the proportion of shares they own, as well as the right to bear certain responsibilities. The right that can be claimed to the company based on shareholder status is equity. Ownership structure is the foundation of corporate governance structure, and corporate governance structure is the concrete operation form of ownership structure. Different ownership structure determines different enterprise organizational structure, thus determines different corporate governance structure, and ultimately determines the behavior and performance of enterprises. The formation of ownership structure When the social environment and science and technology change, the ownership structure of enterprises also changes. Therefore, the ownership structure is a dynamic plastic structure. The dynamic change of ownership structure will lead to the change of enterprise organizational structure and management mode, so the enterprise is actually a dynamic flexible management organization. The formation of ownership structure determines the types of enterprises. The proportion of capital, natural resources, technology and knowledge, market and management experience in the ownership structure is influenced by the development of science and technology and economic globalization. With the formation of global network and the emergence of new enterprises, technology and knowledge account for an increasing proportion in the ownership structure of enterprises. The development of society will eventually move from "capital employment labor" to "labor employment capital". With its unique position in the enterprise, human capital enjoys the operating results and enjoys the residual claim right together with the capital owner. This is the great power of science and technology, which makes knowledge capital the most important capital to determine the fate of enterprises. This change of enterprise's equity structure reflects a problem: among all equity resources, the most scarce and difficult to obtain equity resources must be the superior resources in the enterprise. The profit sharing mode and organizational structure mode of an enterprise are determined by the superior resources in the enterprise. In the process of world globalization, the importance of human capital or knowledge capital is increasingly prominent, which makes the traditional concepts of "ownership" and "control" face unprecedented challenges and become a new topic in the future enterprise management field. Ownership structure can be changed, but the internal driving force of change is the development of science and technology and the change of production mode. It is of far-reaching significance for enterprises to choose the right ownership structure. Classification of ownership structure There are different classifications of ownership structure. Generally speaking, the ownership structure has two meanings: the first meaning refers to the ownership concentration, that is, the shareholding ratio of the top five shareholders. In this sense, there are three types of ownership structure: first, the ownership is highly concentrated, and the absolute controlling shareholder generally owns more than 50% of the shares of the company and has absolute control over the company; Second, the equity is highly dispersed, the company has no major shareholders, the ownership and management rights are basically completely separated, and the shareholding ratio of a single shareholder is below 10%; Third, the company has relatively large controlling shareholders and other major shareholders, and the shareholding ratio is between 10%-50%. The second meaning is the composition of equity, that is, the number of shares held by shareholder groups with different backgrounds. In China, it refers to the shareholding ratio of state shareholders, corporate shareholders and public shareholders. Theoretically, the ownership structure can be classified according to the distribution and matching methods of residual control rights and residual income claims of enterprises. From this perspective, the ownership structure can be divided into non-competitive control and competitive control. In the case of competitive control rights, residual control rights and residual claims match each other, and shareholders can and are willing to effectively control the board of directors and managers; In the non-competitive shareholding structure, the controlling position of the controlling shareholder of the enterprise is locked, and the supervisory role of the board of directors and managers will be weakened. The relationship between ownership structure and corporate governance The ownership structure is the basis of corporate governance mechanism, which determines the shareholder structure, the degree of ownership concentration, the status of major shareholders, the way and effect of shareholders exercising power, and then has a greater impact on the formation, operation and performance of corporate governance model, in other words, the ownership structure has a direct effect on the internal supervision mechanism in corporate governance; At the same time, on the one hand, the ownership structure is greatly influenced by the external governance mechanism of the company, on the other hand, the ownership structure also has an indirect effect on the external governance mechanism. (A) the impact of ownership structure on the internal mechanism of corporate governance 1. Ownership structure and shareholders' meeting Under the ownership structure mode of control competition, the residual control right and residual claim right match each other, and the major shareholders have the motivation to put pressure on the managers and strive for the maximum value of the company; However, in the ownership structure mode where the control rights cannot compete, the residual control rights and residual claim rights do not match, and the controlling shareholders hold cheap voting rights, so they have neither pressure nor motivation to implement monitoring, but only use their rights to realize their own private interests. Therefore, for a joint-stock company, different ownership structure determines whether shareholders can actively exercise their rights and assume obligations. 2. The shareholding structure and shareholding structure of the board of directors and the board of supervisors largely determine the candidates for the board of directors. Under the ownership structure mode of control competition, the board of directors decided by the shareholders' meeting can represent the interests of all shareholders; However, in the ownership structure mode where control rights cannot compete, shareholders with absolute controlling position can obtain the decision-making power of the board of directors by monopolizing the decision-making power of the board of directors. Therefore, under this ownership structure model, the interests of minority shareholders will not be guaranteed. The ownership structure has the same influence on the board of supervisors. 3. The influence of ownership structure and manager's ownership structure on managers lies in whether there is agency competition at the manager level. It is generally believed that the ownership structure is too scattered, which easily leads to "insider control" and makes the agency competition mechanism unable to play a supervisory role; In the case of high concentration of equity, the appointment of managers is controlled by major shareholders, which also weakens the competitiveness of agents; Relatively speaking, the existence of relative controlling shareholders is more conducive to changing managers under the condition of complete competition. In short, under the ownership structure of control competition, shareholders, directors (or supervisors) and managers perform their duties and do their own things, forming a healthy balance relationship, so that the internal supervision mechanism of corporate governance can be brought into play; However, under the ownership structure where control rights cannot compete, the situation is just the opposite. (B) the impact of ownership structure on the external governance mechanism of the company. The external governance mechanism of the company adds a "firewall" to the effective operation of the internal governance mechanism, but even if the external governance mechanism is perfected, if the ownership structure is abnormal, the external governance mechanism of the company will be ineffective. However, it is difficult to explain who is the reason and who is the result of the internal and external governance mechanism of the company. For example, a set of external market governance mechanism has been established in the form of legislation. With the continuous issuance of new shares or mergers and acquisitions, the ownership structure may be excessively dispersed or concentrated, which may easily lead to the phenomenon of "insider control" of the company's management, making the external market governance mechanisms such as the company's control market and the professional manager's market unable to play a role; For another example, due to the phenomenon of "insider control", company operators often need to "spend money to buy opinions" in order to cover up their personal interests, which will make certified public accountants fall into a dilemma of income and risk, and the external social governance mechanism will also be distorted.