What are the common literary theories?

Generally speaking, the method system of literary theory includes three levels, namely, philosophical method level, scientific method level and professional method level.

1, philosophical method level. Philosophical method is a method to grasp the world as a whole, which is of guiding significance to every specific subject. Therefore, philosophical method is the highest level of literary theory and method system, and it is also the theoretical basis of this system. It includes the method of combining theory with practice, the method of combining logic with history, and the method of transforming abstraction into concrete.

2. The level of scientific methods. This is a method gradually formed in natural science, social science and humanities, and it is absorbed and used for reference by literary theory because of its intersection and intersection. It is in the middle level and plays an important role in accurately grasping the research objects of literary theories, including system theory, cybernetics, information theory, catastrophe theory, dissipative structure theory, fuzzy mathematics theory and so on.

3. The level of professional methods. This is a special method suitable for the characteristics of literary and art majors, including traditional methods naturally formed in the long-term development process, such as appreciation, textual research and criticism. , as well as methods transplanted from other disciplines and gradually fixed later. These methods are more specific and closer to the research objects of literature and art, such as sociological methods, psychological methods and cultural methods.

In a word, the above-mentioned literary research methods have their own theoretical background and operational principles, and have formed their own unique angles and methods in grasping the essence and laws of literature, and each has its own advantages. At the same time, the two complement each other and reach the same goal by different routes, making due contributions to literary research and literary theory construction.

Therefore, it is worthy of attention and reference, and the best choice in specific operation is integration and comprehensive utilization. First of all, we must adhere to the overall and comprehensive research vision. Secondly, we should correctly handle the relationship between literary aesthetic law and other laws. Third, adhere to the combination of internal research and external research. Then, we should adhere to the unified research methods from top to bottom and from bottom to top.