How many fonts are there in China?

From the perspective of the development rules of characters and the perspective of calligraphy, they are naturally formed during the evolution of characters (excluding calligraphy styles formed by calligraphers due to their personal styles). There are the following fonts: oracle bone inscriptions, gold inscriptions, large seal scripts, small seal scripts, simplified scripts, official scripts, Zhangcao running scripts, Jincao

Wei Stele Regular Script Kuang Cao Xing Cao The above fonts are roughly arranged in the order of appearance, but in the history of calligraphy, they can be summarized into five types of fonts, called five-body script, namely: Seal - including oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, large seal script, small seal script -

- Including bamboo slips and silk calligraphy (regular script) - Including Wei stele running cursive - Including Zhangcao, Jincao, Xingcao and Kuangcao After the Song Dynasty, due to the invention of movable type printing, special fonts for printing were produced - Song style is like many art fonts today

They were gradually invented by modern people.

1. Oracle bone inscriptions mainly refer to Yin Ruins oracle bone inscriptions, also known as "Yin Ruins characters", "Wang Badan" and "Yin Qi". They are the characters carved on tortoise shells and animal bones during the Yin and Shang Dynasties. They were written in the late Shang Dynasty of China (14th to 11th centuries BC)

) characters carved (or written) on tortoise shells and animal bones used by the royal family for divination and recording events. The pictophonetic characters account for about 27% of the oracle bone inscriptions, which shows that the oracle bone inscriptions are already a quite mature writing system. Since the oracle bone inscriptions are carved with knives,

The knives can be sharp or blunt, and the bones can be thin or thick, hard or soft, so the strokes carved out are of different thicknesses, some are even as thin as hairs, and the joints of the strokes are peeled off, and the strokes are thick and thick.

Structurally, the length and size are not certain, they may be sparse and intricate; or they may be densely packed and very solemn, so they can show the infinite interest of simplicity and variety.

Although the oracle bone inscriptions vary in size and are intricately varied in structure, they already have a symmetrical and stable pattern.

Therefore, some people believe that Chinese calligraphy, strictly speaking, began with oracle bone inscriptions, because oracle bone inscriptions have already prepared the three elements of calligraphy, namely the use of pens, word knotting, and composition.

2. Bronze inscriptions refer to the inscriptions engraved on Yin and Zhou bronzes, also called bell and tripod inscriptions.

The Shang and Zhou dynasties were the age of bronzes. The ritual vessels of bronzes were represented by tripods, and the musical instruments were represented by bells. "Zhongding" is synonymous with bronzes.

Different from oracle bone inscriptions, which have thin strokes, many straight strokes, and mostly square turning points, bronze inscriptions have thicker strokes, many curved strokes, and many lumps. After the Qin Dynasty unified the six kingdoms, it began to standardize writing, the so-called "calligraphy".

Same text".

The Qin standard script is based on the Qin script, and the evolution of Chinese characters after the Qin Dynasty also developed on the basis of the Qin Xiaozhuan that was standardized by the Qin Dynasty and the ancient official script in the daily writing form of the Qin seal script.

After Qin's "Shu Tongwen", the scripts of the Six Kingdoms were eliminated, and Qin scripts became the real mainstream.

Therefore, the Qin script is an important link in inheriting the ancient script of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the official script of the Han and Wei dynasties, and even the regular script.

Its changes can be seen as part of the evolution of Chinese characters according to their own internal structural rules.

Therefore, in terms of philology, the study of Qin-style Western script is more important than the Six Kingdoms script, because it is a direct blood relative of Chinese characters, while the Six Kingdoms script is a collateral branch, although they also influence each other.

, mutual absorption.

3. Big Seal Script In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, Chinese characters developed into Big Seal Script.

The development of large seal script resulted in two characteristics: first, linearization. The uneven thickness of the early lines became even and soft, and the lines they drew with the actual objects were very concise and vivid; second, standardization, the glyph structure tended to be neat, and gradually left the

The original shape of the picture lays the foundation for the square characters. The lines are more even than the inscriptions on the inscriptions, and the lineization has reached a complete level without obvious uneven thickness.

The physical structure is neater than that of bronze inscriptions, and it begins to get rid of the constraints of pictograms, laying the foundation for square Chinese characters.

There are almost no different characters on the same artifact.

The font is complicated and the radicals often overlap, making it difficult to write.

The oldest rubbings of Shiguwen known to the world are Song rubbings from the Tianyi Pavilion of the Fan family in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province.

The font of Shiguwen is roughly between Zhou Jinwen and Qin Xiaozhuan.

It can be seen that it is indeed something from before Qin Shihuang, and it should belong to the system of Zhou Shu.

Compared with small seal script, it can be called big seal script, which is the representative work of big seal script.

Its font is similar to small seal script but more complicated, and it is similar to Zongzhou Yi vessels and more regular. It can be called a classic of seriousness and neatness.

In his "Guang Yi Zhou Shuang Ji", Kang Youwei called the stone drum inscriptions: "The fine gold falls to the ground, the grass is clustered in clouds, and it is not troublesome to trim, and it has its own uniqueness. The body is slightly square and flat, and the insects are all around. The gases are similar, and the stone drum is both

It is the first ancient relic in China and should also be the first rule for calligraphers."

It can be said to be highly appreciated.

However, after the Northern Song Dynasty, the calligraphy school flourished and few people started to study it. It was not until the middle of the Qing Dynasty that the trend of archaeological steles revived, and the stone drum inscriptions were especially highly regarded by calligraphers.

Wu Da can obtain the solemn and harmonious charm of his code.

Wu Changshuo expressed his ancient and heroic spirit.

The calligraphy of both men is highly regarded by contemporary people and will be valued by future generations.

4. Small seal script is also called "Qin seal script".

During the Qin Dynasty, Li Si was ordered to unify the script, and this script was Xiaozhuan.

Popular in the Qin Dynasty.

The shape is relatively long, evenly rounded, and the small seal script evolved from the large seal script. Although it was not early in production, it was produced in large numbers. It has a special status in the history of the development of Chinese characters and is a bridge from ancient characters to modern characters.