Construction technology of plasterboard ceiling for home improvement?

I. Precautions for Construction (1) Ceiling gypsum board is generally 9mm thick. (2) The plate should be fixed in a stress-free state to prevent the edge from bending and expanding. (3) The long side of gypsum board (namely Baocun side) shall be laid along the longitudinal secondary keel. (4) The distance between the self-tapping screw and the edge of gypsum board: the edge of gypsum board wrapped by cardboard is10 ~15 mm; The cutting edge should be 15 ~ 20mm(5) The distance between the secondary keels for fixing gypsum boards should generally not be greater than 600 mm, and in the humid areas in the south, the distance should be reduced appropriately, and 300 mm is appropriate. (6) The nail distance should be 150 ~ 170 mm, and the screws should be perpendicular to the board surface. Curved and deformed screws should contact each other, and other screws should be nailed every 50 mm. (7) When installing double-layer gypsum board, the joints between surface board and base board should be staggered, and joints on the same keel are not allowed. (8) Docking of gypsum board shall be handled according to product requirements. (9) Gypsum board and keel should be fixed from the middle of a board to the four sides of the board, and multiple operations are not allowed. (10) The embedding depth of the nail should be that the surface of the screw head is slightly embedded in the polar surface to avoid damaging the paper surface. Pinholes shall be derusted and leveled with gypsum putty. (1 1) When mixing gypsum, clean water and containers must be used. (2) Supporting materials and construction machines and tools In the process of installing and laying gypsum board, special supporting materials and machines and tools should be used so as not to affect the engineering quality. For example, plasterboard sealing plaster and paper sealing tape, many units do not purchase plasterboard together. When the construction is changed to other materials, the operation is not serious, and the above cracks appear at the splicing plate. 4. The surface of gypsum board shall be smooth, free from pollution, cracking, lack of edges and corners, hammer damage and other defects, and the joints shall be even. (2) The gypsum board installed on hold shall not have leakage, infiltration or warping. (3) The hole spacing of perforated plate should be arranged neatly, and the perforation should be perpendicular to the dry surface. A plate with rectangular edges should be at right angles to the surface of the plate. (4) There should be no defects such as pores, stains, cracks, missing corners, uneven colors, incomplete patterns, etc. on the front of decorative gypsum board. (5) Gypsum board surface should be smooth. For defects such as ripples, grooves, stains and scratches, when inspected by the specified method, the provisions in Table 4-3- 12 shall be met. (6) Sound-absorbing perforated gypsum board shall have no shadow, and shall not be damaged, scratched, stained, uneven, paper peeling and other defects. For gypsum board-based boards. The board based on decorative gypsum board should not have defects such as cracks, stains, pores, missing corners and uneven color. Concealed sound-absorbing materials should have anti-scattering measures. (7) There shall be no air holes, stains, cracks and missing corners on the front of the embedded decorative gypsum board that affect the decorative effect. Acceptance of skeleton structure The skeleton structure in decoration engineering mainly includes suspended ceiling skeleton, partition wall skeleton and decorative body skeleton. The types of skeleton are wood square skeleton, angle steel skeleton and light steel keel skeleton. One. The main beam of the suspended ceiling of the wood frame structure (1) should be hung on the node of the lower chord of the finger frame, and the suspended ceiling joists should be fixed on the main beam. Non-insulated ceilings can hang ceiling joists directly from the lower chord of the truss. The suspender of the ceiling should be made of round steel, and the non-thermal ceiling can also be made of wood, but it should be made of dry wood that is not easy to crack, and the end should be fixed with two nails. Cracked wooden suspenders should be replaced immediately. (2) After the derrick is inspected as qualified, the ceiling board can be nailed. (3) The fixing of the boom must be firm, and the fixing method of the lifting point should be based on the load requirements of people who are here or not. (4) The clearance of single-layer grey batten shall be 7- 10mm, and the batten joint shall be located on the suspended ceiling joists or partition uprights, and the ends and middle parts thereof shall be fixed with two nails every other joist (or upright). There should be a gap of 3-5 mm between the end faces of the slats. Slab joints shall be arranged in sections, and the length of each section shall not be greater than 50cm. The spacing between the double-layer gray slats nailed on the lining board shall not be greater than 35 mm, and a gap of 10- 15 mm shall be left at the joint of the lining board. (5) The partition frame must be fixed with the ground, top surface and wall surface, and the inclination of the partition wall should be within 3 degrees. (6) The wooden skeleton should be docked on the same plane, and the two should be fixed. (7) After the wooden frame ceiling is fixed, conduct a comprehensive inspection and leveling for 1 time, and check the installation position. (8) The specifications of the wood square used in the wood skeleton should meet the design requirements, and the wood square should be nailed and fixed, and the side in contact with the cover panel must be planed. (9) See table for the allowable deviation of wooden frame ceiling. Allowable engineering deviation (mm) Allowable engineering deviation-square timber (diameter) of main beam of suspended ceiling -5 sectional dimensions of suspenders and joists (vertical bars and cross braces) -2 arching height of suspended ceiling (short span 1/200) soil/horizontal soil around suspended ceiling-5 (10) wood. (1 1) The wood skeleton shall be made of wood square material, and the wood shall be dried or air-dried. (12) The wooden frame structure of the ceiling must be painted with fire retardant paint for three times according to the fire protection requirements. Ignore the acceptance of angle steel skeleton and light steel keel skeleton. Acceptance of cover plate 1. Before installing the wood plywood cover (1) cover panel, the line should be elastic according to the size of the block; Ceiling should be installed symmetrically from the middle to both sides, and the seam between wall and ceiling should be consistent. (2) If plywood is fixed with nails, the nail distance is 80- 150 mm, the nail length is 25-35 mm, the nail cap should be flattened and enter the board surface by 0.5- 1mm, and the nail holes should be leveled with oily putty. (3) When the surface of plywood is painted with varnish, the wood grain and color of adjacent panels should be similar. (4) If the MDF is fixed with nails, the nail distance is 80- 120mm, the nail length is 20-30mm, the nail cap should enter the board surface by 0.5mm, and the nail holes should be smoothed with oily putty. Hardboard should be soaked in water and dried before installation. (5) When plywood is fixed with battens, the nail spacing should not be greater than 200mm, the nail cap should be flattened, the batten surface should be 0.5- 1mm, and the nail holes should be leveled with oily putty. (6) The joint width of the cover panel, if not required by the design, can be V-shaped joint or flat joint, the joint width is 3-5mm, which should be consistent, straight, smooth and smooth, and there should be no staggered joint at the cross joint. If there are defects such as unsmooth or burr, it should be ground flat. (7) After the board is nailed, check it again for knocking and falling corners, and drive the unsinkable nail head into the splint. (8) When using the layering, according to the designed spacing position, play the chalk line first, and nail the layering according to the line. If you use wood battens, you must use dry, knot-free, crack-free wood, with the same size and smooth surface without distortion. Wooden battens should be even and straight, and both ends of the joint should be sawed flat with small teeth, and the joint cutting angle should be smooth and tight. After the splint is nailed, self-inspection shall be carried out carefully. If any quality defect is found, it shall be repaired in time. After it is confirmed to be qualified, it can be transferred to the next construction project. (9) If there is a wooden skirting board at the lower end of the cover panel of the wall and column, the cover panel should be 20-30 mm from the ground; When using marble and terrazzo skirting board, the lower end of the cover panel should be flush with the skirting board, and the joints should be tight. Two. Plasterboard face protection: (1) Before installing gypsum board, check the quality of the framework, especially the suspenders are straight, the stress is even, the keel spacing is not more than 500n (properly reduce the spacing according to the design requirements in wet environment), the lower surface of the keel is smooth and free from falling off, and the main parts are tightly connected. Nails can only be installed after they are qualified. (2) When cutting the board, first use the blade to cut the front (paper) surface, break it along the cutting line, and then cut the back paper, so that the edge of the board is straight and square, and there are no defects such as corners. (3) Laying and fixing. The long side (envelope surface) of gypsum board shall be laid perpendicular to the supporting keel, and the board shall not have cantilever. Gypsum board should be closely butted, but it should not be forced into place. You can start from the corner or the center line, and it is not advisable to lay nails at the same time. It is required that the slab joints should be straight and uniform in width, and there should be no staggered joints. Gypsum board shall be fixed on the keel with 4×25mm or 4×35mm tapping screws, and shall not be loose. The screw positions shall be uniformly arranged, and the distance between the nail hole and the edge sealing shall be not less than 10mm and not less than15 mm; From the forefront; Nail spacing should be at the edge of the plate 150-200mm, 200-300mm；; In the center of the plate; The nail head should be embedded in the board surface by 0.5- 1mm to avoid damaging the paper surface; Gypsum putty is embedded in the nail hole. (4) Plate joint treatment: at the edge of the plate joint, caulking putty is filled and compacted with a scraper, then the putty with a thickness of about 1mm and a width of about 60mm is scraped off, and then punched paper tape is attached; Scrape and press along the direction of the paper tape with a scraper to make the putty extrude the paper tape evenly. The joint at the cutting edge should be cleaned and filled with gypsum putty to make it dense and smooth. (5) joints. Gypsum board should be closely butted, but it can't be forced into place. 5. The plates are staggered, and the seams on both sides of the wall cannot fall on the same keel; When double-deck boards are used, the joints of the second deck board cannot fall on the same vertical keel as those of the first deck board, and the double-deck gypsum boards should be staggered and spliced.