How to penetrate scientific thinking in middle school physics teaching

The goal of physics teaching is to cultivate students' scientific literacy, students learn physics, not only to master the basic knowledge of physics, but also learn to explore the skills of physical knowledge, especially to master the scientific method of thought. The so-called scientific method of thought refers to the process of people's ideological understanding of the nature of the physical laws, that is, to explore the ways, means, procedures and stages of the movement of a certain physical activity process, which has the characteristics of process, hierarchy and operability. Scientific thought is the soul of the physical problem, it directly governs the exploration of physical laws of scientific and practical activities.

I, middle school physics teaching the importance of penetrating the scientific method of thought

Middle school physics textbooks to systematic, clear, obvious presentation of physical knowledge, many important laws, formulas, textbooks have a clear and clear conclusions, many experiments have a clear and specific instructions and regulations, and how the conclusions, the experiments of the order of why this arrangement is based on What kind of ideas and methods, but many are not clearly expressed. In other words, our physics textbooks do not show the scientific thinking and methods clearly, but hide them in the system of physics textbooks. If we teachers only according to the textbook to the physical knowledge points, experimental process to speak clearly, but not the scientific method of thought, logical reasoning process to summarize, can not make the students to form a scientific method of thought, so as to develop a certain degree of scientific literacy and rigorous scientific thinking method.

Scientific methods of thought belong to the category of ideology, which plays a guiding and regulating role in the cognitive activities of students, and plays a decisive role in the cultivation of students' creative ability, the study of physics, is to let the students understand how to learn, how to understand the complicated issues clearly. Clear guiding ideology and ideological approach plays a key role in the teaching process to students to penetrate some of the basic solution to the physical problem of the scientific method of thought, is to cultivate students to analyze the problem, problem-solving ability and the ability to think independently is an important way.

The fundamental task of physics teaching is to comprehensively improve the scientific quality of students, cultivate scientific talents to adapt to the development of society, the new century requires talents with strong scientific thinking ability and innovation, only scientific knowledge without scientific thinking is unable to meet the needs of the future of society, but also unable to promote the development of society and the advancement of science, and effective penetration of the scientific method of thought to the students is the future requirements of society, but also the development of physics teaching. Requirements, but also the inevitable requirements of the development of physics teaching.

Second, junior high school physics teaching should be infiltrated which scientific methods of thought

Junior high school physics teaching requires that students should master the idea of scientific inquiry, experimental ideas, control variables, ideal model method, deduction method, summarize the method, deductive method, graphical method, comparative method and so on, these are the basic scientific methods of thought.

Because in the traditional physics teaching, teaching scientific principles, laws are usually directly to the conclusion, rarely let students experience the original scientific discovery of the thinking process; let the students do the exercises and too patterned and formulaic, can not make the students to form a sense of innovation; not to encourage students to boldly guess assumptions, put forward distinctive insights, but to let the students to follow the rules and rely on mechanical memorization, apply the formula to cope with the examination, the students are accustomed to the concept of "the way of thinking", the students are used to the "way of thinking". Formulas to cope with the test, students are used to receptive learning, memorize the existing conclusions on the books, so these scientific methods of thought students are very lack of, but the scientific method of thought for students to y understand the principles of physics, to know the process of knowledge generation, to improve students' ability to scientific inquiry, and to promote the development of creative thinking ability is very useful. We should according to the teaching content of the timely and effective penetration of these scientific methods of thought, they are included in the teaching objectives.

1, the idea of scientific inquiry

Physics is a science, the core of science is inquiry, learning physics should learn to learn scientific inquiry, through the discovery of the problem, put forward a hypothesis, the design of the investigation program, experimental verification, analysis of the experimental data, the conclusion and so on, so that the students not only summarize the law, but also experienced the process of the law, and learn to carry out the basic techniques of scientific inquiry, to understand the basic ideas and methods of scientific inquiry. The basic idea of scientific inquiry and the process of knowledge generation.

2, the experimental idea

The experiment to verify the conjecture or experiment to explore the feasibility of the subject, especially according to the content of the study, the use of some of the equipment and instruments, the independent design of some of the exploratory experiments throughout the junior high school physics learning process, which is very useful to improve the students' ability to conduct independent experiments and investigations.

3, control variables method

The multivariate problem, the situation is often more complex, this time the other variables can be fixed, only to discuss the change of one of the variables on the results of the impact. In the talk "pendulum swing period and what factors", "the size of friction and what factors", "the size of the pressure and what factors" and so on in the content of knowledge can be permeated with Control variable idea, control variable method allows students to clarify the physical phenomena and a variety of complicated factors inherent in the relationship.

4, the ideal model method

Some of the invisible and the fact that there are phenomena how to reflect it? With intuition, image of the ideal model method, can help research and understanding, for example, light, magnetic induction lines are invisible, on the use of the ideal model method of research, the same can be made clear to their laws, to strengthen the students to establish an ideal model of the research method of inquiry training, to improve the students' ability to do scientific research is very useful.

5, deduction deduction method

Some problems due to practical reasons can not be done experimentally, can be used to solve the method of reasoning. For example, Newton's first law of motion and the vacuum can not transmit sound content are used in this method.

Three, junior high school physics teaching should be how to penetrate the scientific method of thought

1, enhance the penetration of the concept of the scientific method of thought

Physical concepts, laws, formulas and other knowledge are clearly written in the textbook is visible, while the scientific method of thought is implied in the system of knowledge of physics is invisible, which is not systematically scattered in the textbook chapters, and is not listed as part of the examination. And is not listed as the content of the test, China's college entrance examination is almost always test some rote knowledge, no examination of students' scientific inquiry ability and creativity, all around the test baton, for the scientific method of thought, teachers do not speak, speak more or less, discretionary, often due to the teaching time is tight, because it is not for the test content and it will be as a "soft task! "Omitted. The requirements for students to comprehend the comprehension, can comprehend how much counts how much.

Therefore, teachers should first update their concepts, from the idea of constantly enhancing the importance of penetration of the scientific method of thinking, the mastery of physical knowledge and penetration of the scientific method of thinking at the same time into the teaching objectives, the scientific method of thinking into the requirements of the teaching of the preparation of the links to the in-depth study of the textbook, and strive to tap the textbook can be penetrated into the scientific method of thinking of the various opportunities for each chapter of each section, should consider how to combine with the specific content of the teaching. For each chapter and section, it is necessary to consider how to combine the specific teaching content of the scientific method of thought penetration, penetration of which scientific method of thought, how to penetrate, penetration to what extent, there should be a general design, put forward different stages of the specific teaching requirements.

2, grasp the opportunity to penetrate

Scientific ideology and methodology of teaching, must be realized through the specific teaching process, therefore, we must grasp the opportunity to teach scientific ideology and methodology of teaching - the process of concept formation, the process of deduction of conclusions, the process of thinking about the methodology, the process of exploration of ideas The process of formation, the process of law revelation and so on. For example: in the teaching of Newton's first law of motion, "if the horizontal plate on the movement of the steel ball without any friction, what will be the state of motion of the steel ball", this is the ideal state of the problem, due to the reality of the reasons can not be explored by experimental methods, at this time, through the study of Gamble's research ideas on the problem, to penetrate the students of the scientific reasoning of the research method of derivation. Research method a deduction method, it is logical, the teaching effect will be significant.

3, pay attention to progressive

The teaching of scientific methods of thought should be combined with the content of the natural penetration, to consciously and subconsciously triggered the students to epiphany implied in the physical knowledge of the scientific methods of thought, avoid the rigid set, and the tray, and detached from the reality of counterproductive practices. For example, in the "pendulum swing back and forth once in time and what factors are related to" in the teaching, the students guessed more than one factor, the teacher proposed: "so many factors, how do I know which - a factor will swing back and forth to a single pendulum time has an effect on "? At this time the students will actively think, the solution to the problem to find out, the study of one of the - an influencing factor, will control the other influencing factors remain unchanged, and then, teachers and students **** the same effort to explore the results through the experiment. In the students to experience the joy of learning success, the teacher summarized that in this process we unknowingly use the control variable method, so that, by linking the study of practical problems, students are easy to understand and accept and remember a deep lifelong never forget.

4, focusing on long-term penetration

Scientific ideology is not a "form" of knowledge, it is in the process of inspiring students to think and gradually accumulate and form the ideological awareness, ideological awareness from scratch, from weak to strong is the need for long-term training and accumulation process. For this reason, the scientific method of thought must be gradual, repeated training and long-term persistent penetration, in order to enable students to slowly comprehend, produce epiphany, and truly grasp the essence of the scientific method of thought. The same method of thought, in many chapters of multiple knowledge points are reflected, for example: the idea of scientific inquiry, the teacher insisted on many times to guide the students to use scientific inquiry ideas to explore the physical problem, over time, the students will understand the significance of this, and to develop the literacy of scientific inquiry.

Mastering physical knowledge and skillful problem solving to achieve high scores, it is very important for students, after all, it is still a test of the future, but it is not the only determining factor in the lifelong development of students, the real role of the students in the future of learning, life and work for a long time, is to determine how much they can achieve in the future of the basic quality of science, rather than memorize how much knowledge, how many exercises to solve, and simply how much knowledge to solve, how much knowledge to solve, how much knowledge to solve. It is not how much knowledge they memorize and how many problems they can solve. Simply memorizing knowledge does not lead to the formation of competence, but rather, it is the scientific way of thinking that will benefit students throughout their lives. The future society will need a large number of talents with scientific literacy and creative ability. Let the students master the correct scientific method of thinking, is the new teaching task proposed by the curriculum reform, but also the social development of education requirements, we must pay attention to this aspect of the work.