What is the emphasis on the "Ha Festival" of the Jing nationality?

Abstract: Jing nationality is a minority in China, and it is one of the ethnic minorities with the least population. It is mainly distributed in Fangchenggang Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Haji Festival of Jing nationality is a famous traditional festival. What's the point? What are the customs of festivals? What is the emphasis on the "Ha Festival" of the Jing nationality?

Most of the festivals of Jing nationality are the same as those of Han nationality, mainly including Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.

Jing nationality spring festival

On new year's eve, every household has cooked new year's dishes and no longer cooks on holidays. Jing people believe that all festivals should worship ancestors. On the afternoon of New Year's Eve, the whole village gathered in Hating to offer tea to their ancestors. Because Hating had an ancestral tablet, they went home to worship their ancestors. On the first and fifteenth day of the first month, Jing people are afraid that others will borrow fire and salt. If they borrow it, it means that the borrower's money will be taken away by others. Early in the morning on the first day, everyone rushed to the well with incense sticks to offer sacrifices and "buy new water". From the second day of junior high school, you can go out to visit relatives and friends and pay a New Year call. 15 is "New Year". On this day, we should prepare three kinds of sacrifices: chicken, meat and fish, and worship our ancestors again. After fifteen, Spring Festival travel rush came to an end.

Qianha Festival

The Jing people living in Fangcheng Autonomous County in the south of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region used to be mainly engaged in offshore fishing, making a living by fishing, drying salt and agriculture. In their village, there is a Harding who worships the legendary Song Xian and the "King of Zhenhai" and the ancestors of all surnames. The traditional "Ha Festival", also called "Singing Ha Festival", is held regularly here every year, which is the biggest traditional festival of the Jing nationality. Singing, Beijing means "singing". Festivals on local islands are different. Wanwei Island and Wutou Island are June 10, Shanxin Island is August 10, and Hongkan Village is January 15, but the festival activities are basically the same.

The main contents of Haji Festival are offering sacrifices to gods, ancestors, drinking and singing in the countryside. According to legend, as early as seven or eight hundred years ago, the Jing people lived a miserable life because of the oppression of feudal rulers. Later, a girl came to the island in the name of spreading songs to encourage people to revolt and fight for freedom. Because this girl has a beautiful singing voice, the Jing people later built a "Hating Pavilion" dedicated to her shrine to commemorate her, and held regular singing sessions in Hating, which has continued to this day. Hating is a gathering place of Jing people, which has the functions of temples, ancestral halls, rural drinking halls and karaoke bars. Before the festival, everyone pays close attention to the completion of farm work and housework, beautifies the environment and decorates the "Hatting" to welcome the festival. The main hall of Hating is dedicated to the statue of Zhenhai King and the ancestral spirits of local surnames, and there are three steps on both sides for people to sit and listen to and sing. On the day before the festival, there will be a ceremony to welcome the gods into hatred and an elephant drive. There were no elephants, so they had to take pigs instead of elephants, hate them three times, and then kill the pigs and sacrifice their eight pounds of meat to the gods. In the past, there was a bullfight before offering sacrifices to the gods. Whatever the outcome, they were killed and eaten. Praying for the gods and offering sacrifices are carried out in a solemn atmosphere. The priests should recite the sacrificial words and pray for the ancestors of the gods to bless the safety of people and animals and the bumper harvest of grain. After the sacrifice, sing and celebrate. "Singing Ha" is the most grand activity of the festival, which is held in Harding. I hate nave with steps on both sides. In the past, adult men were divided into five grades: high, medium, low, Ding Bai and R&F according to their age, generations and how much money they donated. Sit on the steps by level, have a good meal and listen to Ha Mei, but women can't sit alone. Now it has changed, and there is no longer a hierarchy. Generally, there are three people performing. A male singer named "Ha Ge" is responsible for playing piano accompaniment, and two female singers commonly known as "Ha Mei" take turns singing. Ha Mei, the lead singer, was in the middle of the pavilion, singing and rapping with two bamboo poles in his hand. Ha Mei, the backup singer, sat on the ground beside him, tapping the bamboo shuttlecock with the rhythm. When the lead singer was tired, the backup singer took his place. Brother Hargreaves held the piano and accompanied it to the tune, which was clear and soft. Most of the singing contents are folk stories of the Jing nationality, such as Qin Xian, Brother Thirteen selling ghosts, friendship songs between Beijing and Han, philosophical songs, love songs and so on. Haj Festival is a festival to worship and entertain God, and it is also a festival to entertain people. Now this festival has basically abolished superstition and focused on entertainment. Ha Festival is also a festival for young people to make friends. After nightfall, they came to the seaside to test their love by moonlight, and returned their love in the form of "kicking sand" and "picking leaves" unique to the nation. Then, love songs accompany them for a happy time. Bullfighting activities will also be held during Haji Festival. This festival lasts for three days, and sending the gods is the last ceremony. Haji Festival is also a festival of national unity. All the families warmly welcomed the brothers and ethnic friends who came here, making Haji Festival full of unity and becoming the most important traditional festival of the Jing people in China.

Poseidon sacrifice

The folk religious festival of Jing nationality in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is held on December 24th of the lunar calendar every year for five days.

At that time, the local Jing people will hold a grand "Happy New Year's Eve" ceremony, burn incense and sacrifice, and pray for the sea god to bless the fishing safety in the coming year and return home with a full load.

The Jing people live in the Beibu Gulf area in southeastern Guangxi, mainly fishing. In the past, due to poor fishing tools, backward operation methods, lack of scientific knowledge and changeable weather on the ocean, they pinned the success or failure of production on whether the gods sheltered them. Most of the gods they believe in are related to the ocean, such as "Sea Dragon King", "Zhenhai King", "Hai Gong" and "Hai Po". There is also a widely circulated story about "Zhenhai King":

A long time ago, there was a big centipede essence in a big stone cave in Bailongwei. All the ships pass by, so they have to feed one person. Otherwise, centipede essence will come out to make waves. For a long time, entertainment ant essence has become a great scourge in this respect. I don't know how many fishermen have swallowed and overturned many boats, so that fishermen are afraid to go out to sea because they have to go through Bailongwei to catch fish, but fishermen don't go out to sea to fight.

One day, a fishing boat was moored at the seaside near Bailongwei, and the fishermen were worried about passing by Bailongwei. At this time, an old man came up with a big iron melon and asked for a boat ride. His attitude is calm and calm. Everyone saw that the old man was not afraid of difficulties and dangers, so he took courage to set sail.

The boat sailed into Bailongwei, and the fishermen helped the old man make firewood and began to heat the big iron melon. Just when the iron melon was red, the centipede opened its mouth. The old man immediately put the red iron melon into the centipede essence's mouth, and the centipede essence was scalded to death.

The centipede that troubled fishermen for a long time died, and fishermen can fish safely at sea. Whenever a fishing boat passes by Bailongwei, people will miss this brave old man. It is said that he is the king of Zhenhai who specializes in protecting fishermen.

Fishermen will pay homage to him when they go fishing in the sea in the future. If they encounter something related to fisheries, they will also make sacrifices. For example, before launching and at the beginning and end of the fishing ban, when weaving new fishing nets or building new boats, it is necessary to prepare sacrifices to worship the gods at the seaside. If seafood is not harvested, they also need to make sacrifices at the seaside. Generally, these activities don't invite "masters" (as the Jing people call Taoist priests who perform legal affairs), but each family can offer sacrifices separately. If a fishing ground closes down, there must be wild gods at work. At this time, a "master" must be invited to do it. At that time, the "master" held a red torch with a mouthful of cooking oil in his mouth, and sprayed cooking oil at the same time, commonly known as "oil pan", which could drive away wild gods, make fisheries harvest and protect people and animals. In some places, "Zhenhai King" is called "Zhenhai King" the day before "Singing Ha Festival".

Pick up Harding and give it up; In some places, a grand "Happy New Year's Eve" activity is held every year from 24th to 28th of the lunar calendar1February. These are all prayers for the sea god to bless the safety of the sea and the harvest of the fishery.