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The earliest chronicle in the world is Zuo Zhuan.

This book mainly records the historical events of _ _ _ Lu _ _ country, as well as the Zhou royal family and other governors. Its author is said to be Zuo Qiuming, a historian of Lu.

The original name of Zuo Zhuan was Zuo's Chunqiu, and it was renamed Chunqiu Zuozhuan in Han Dynasty. According to legend, it was written by Zuo Qiuming at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period to explain Confucius' Spring and Autumn Annals. Zuo Zhuan is an independent history book in essence. It began in the year of Luyin (722 BC) and ended in the 14th year of Lu Daogong (453 BC). Based on the Spring and Autumn Annals, it illustrates the outline of the Spring and Autumn Annals by describing the specific historical facts of the Spring and Autumn Period, which is one of the important Confucian classics.

According to legend, Zuo Zhuan was written by Zuo Qiuming, a Lu historian at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. Liu Zhiji's History of Liu Tongjia in the Tang Dynasty: "He who left home was born in Zuo Qiuming." Since then, many scholars have expressed doubts about this. Many people think that Zuo Zhuan was not Zuo Qiuming. At present, it is generally believed that Zuo Zhuan was not written by one person, and it was written in the middle of the Warring States Period (the middle of the 4th century). Some scholars compiled it during the Warring States Period, and the main part was probably written by Zuo Qiuming. Based on the Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan illustrates the outline of Spring and Autumn Annals by describing the specific historical facts in the Spring and Autumn Period. Chunqiu is China's first chronological historical work. Zuo Zhuan is the first chronological historical work with complete narrative in China and one of the Thirteen Classics.

Brief introduction of the author

Zuo Qiuming, surnamed Zuo, was born in Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. Zuo Qiuming is learned and virtuous, and Confucius is ashamed. Yue: "Miao Yan, make color, full of respect, Zuo Qiuming is ashamed, Qiu is also ashamed;" If you hide grievances and make friends with others, Zuo Qiuming will be ashamed and autumn will be ashamed. " Grandmaster Sima Qian called it "the gentleman of Lu".

Zuo Qiuming is a historian in his family, and once cooperated with Confucius to "study the history of Zhou Dynasty". According to a large number of historical materials of China and other countries, Zuo Zhuan, the first chronicle with detailed records and incisive exposition, and Guoyu, the earliest existing national history, became the originator of historians. Zuozhuan focuses on notes, while Guoyu focuses on words.

Edit the real author of this paragraph.

The chronology of Zuo Zhuan is roughly the same as that of Chunqiu, but it is seventeen years late. Different from the outline form of Spring and Autumn Annals, its content describes the major political, military and diplomatic events and related speeches of various countries in this period, as well as astronomical phenomena, ghosts and gods, divination, dreaming and other events. The author recorded everything that can be used for reference and suggestions.

Zuo Qiuming is the most credible author of Zuo Zhuan. A surname left, name tyumen; Say compound surname Zuo Qiu, Ming. Blind, once served as a teacher Lu; At the same time or before Confucius. Western Han historians Sima Qian, Ban Gu and others all believe that Zuo Zhuan was written by Zuo Qiuming. Sima Qian said in the Chronicle of Twelve Governors in Historical Records: "Zuo Qiuming, a gentleman of Lu, was afraid of heresy among his disciples, and each had his own opinions and lost his reason. Therefore, due to the historical records of Confucius, it became Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals. "

In the Tang Dynasty, Zhao Kuang first suspected that Zuo Zhuan was not written by Zuo Qiuming, but there was no basis. Since then, some scholars have expressed doubts about this. Ye Mengde believes that the author came from the Warring States period; Zheng Qiao's Six Classics and Olympics is considered to be the Chu people in the Warring States Period. Zhu thought it was the post-Chu Zuo's leaning; Xiang Anshi thought it was done by Wei people; Cheng Duanxue thinks it is a fake book. In the Qing Dynasty, Ji Yun still took the strict historical data in the Catalogue of Sikuquanshu as the basis and thought it was written by Zuo Qiuming. Kang Youwei asserted in the late Qing Dynasty that it was forged by Liu Xin in the late Western Han Dynasty. However, Zuo Zhuan has been copied or quoted by many people before Liu Xin, and Kang's theory is difficult to establish. Today, Shuye Tong thinks that Wu Qigan did it, but Wu Qi's temperament is completely different from Zuo Zhuan. Zhao Guangxian thinks it was written by Zuo Shi, a native of Lu during the Warring States Period. However, most contemporary scholars believe that it was written by Zuo Qiuming in the early years of the Warring States.

Narrative content

Zuo Zhuan is an important book to record the social situation in the Spring and Autumn Period. Based on royal archives's History of the Kingdom of Lu, etc. The chronicle is basically in the order of twelve princes in the Spring and Autumn Annals, including wars, alliances, conquests, weddings, funerals, usurpations, etc. , which had an important influence on later history and literature. It mainly records the history of the decline of the royal family and the hegemony of princes in the Zhou Dynasty, and records and comments on various etiquette norms, laws and regulations, social customs, ethnic relations, moral concepts, astronomical geography, calendar seasons, ancient documents, myths and legends, and ballads.