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Suggest you go to the Dong Autonomous County of Passage.

The passage of the Dong ethnic customs quick read

Overview

The passage of the southwestern border of Hunan Province, Huaihua City, the southernmost, Hunan, Guizhou, Qian three provinces (regions) at the junction of the Central Plains to the southwest gateway to the southwestern part of Hunan connecting the "two" south gate, in the history of the lying women workers committee Chu Yue boundary corridor, known as the "hundred Yue lapel throat", "South Chu Polar", "the best place". The area is known as the "Hundred Yue Lapel Throat", "South Chu Polar".

The whole territory is 58 kilometers wide east to west and 68 kilometers long north to south, with a total area of 2,239 square kilometers, governing 242 administrative villages in 21 townships and townships, inhabited by 13 ethnic groups such as Dong, Han, Miao, Yao and other brotherly ethnic groups, with a total population of 221,900 people, the ethnic minority population accounted for 81.6% of the population, of which the population of the Dong ethnic group accounted for 78.3%. The distribution of ethnic groups is dominated by the Han in the north, the Dong in the south, the Miao in the northern and western mountains, and the Yao in the southeastern mountains.

The Pass belongs to the excessive zone from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the Nanling Mountains, i.e., 109'25'52'' east longitude and 25'52'55'' north latitude, with a mild climate and abundant rainfall. Rainfall abundant, winter without severe cold, summer without heat, annual evaluation of temperature 16.3'C, average annual rainfall of 1480.7 mm, average annual sunshine 1400.3 hours, annual frost-free period of 298 days.

The long history of the passage, the clear landscape, the ancient and simple humanistic landscape, the unique folk customs and rich products will make every guest who comes to the Dong township of the passage unforgettable.

Dwellings

The Dong people live in the mangled forests and mountains, due to the location of the southern subtropical rainforest area, rainy all year round, hot in summer and fall, coupled with poisonous insects and beasts, so the Dong ancestors chose to "nesting" that is, "the tree accumulates wood in order to live in their upper Therefore, the Dong ancestors chose "nesting", i.e. "accumulating trees to live on them". Dong residents experienced the evolution of nesting, semi-nesting, dry-fence type, such as the more common is the "foot-hanging buildings" (dry-fence type). The so-called "foot-hanging buildings", that is, in addition to the side columns plus an overhanging gable columns, gable columns in the sky without the ground, with the beam square bearing pick, not only to increase the practicality, but also aesthetically pleasing. Pedestrians from the outside of the house under the column through the sun to avoid the rain.

The Dong residents are generally hermitically tiled roof, built on the mountain, living alongside the water, landscape-based, dignified and elegant, do not Shang polygonal, rounded arches, save the tip of the modeling and colorful decorations, that is, the so-called "beauty in the shape of the appropriate, elegant and elegant in the clear is not in the colorful", and the people of the Dong people and the simplicity and cordiality of the folk style of a seamless integration.

The most important feature of the Dong people is that every family has a hall. A house, regardless of the size of the area, always make a certain amount of space for the hall porch, the hall porch outside the lower half of the standing wall, the upper half of the installed bar or open, ventilated and bright. Hall porch built-in buckets, benches, is a place to entertain guests and guests and rest in the cool place, the night is also used as a young woman to talk about the love of the song of the "song hall".

Marriage

The Dong people practiced a unique way of free dating and collective love. That is, first after a long period of collective love stage, and then into the pairs of individual love stage, love and then set for life. Generally, the song as a matchmaker, through the male and female song, than eloquence, from which to choose the person of interest, and give each other tokens ("Ba Diploma") promised for life. The Dong people have three forms of marriage: one is to marry. Through free love, and that women's parents are satisfied, the wedding to organize a banquet, a lively one. The second is to run away from the marriage (i.e. "elope"). Men and women are in love with each other, but both parents do not agree, so they have to take the approach of fleeing the marriage, to be the old man after the gas disappears and then go home. Dong fleeing the marriage without discrimination, every place is also warmly received. The third is to rob the marriage. Men and women have been set for life, but the woman's parents do not agree, in order to get married, the man looking for an opportunity to snatch the woman back into marriage. Afterwards, the general female party to punish the groom, as a way to eliminate anger. The Dong people marry voluntarily and divorce freely. Men do not want women, the male party to return all the dowry and a certain amount of "wash face money" can be; women do not want men, the female family or the new husband to pay, as compensation for the loss of the male party to do the wedding ceremony, after meeting, still greet each other. The Dong people have "night take", that is, the marriage is generally in the early hours of the night. "Three years on five years off", that is, within three to five years of marriage, the woman is still free to participate in social activities, without the intervention of her husband. There is also "not fall husband's home", that is, "back to the door wine" after the New Year continue to stay in the mother's home, ranging from three to five years, during the period of the husband's family something to send someone to transport until the woman is pregnant to live in her husband's home long and other wedding customs.

The Dong families pay attention to the "four generations of the same hall", "five generations of the same hall". Now multi-generational coexistence is reduced, generally by a couple, one or two or three or four children, multi-children after marriage separation, parents generally with the youngest son over. Family members are equal, mutually loving and harmonious.

Festivals

The Dong are known as a nation of festivals, with monthly festivals and seasonal celebrations, and more than 50 festivals of various sizes throughout the year. The Dong people are talking about the festival is lively and *** enjoy, a clan, a village festival, always invite friends and relatives, neighbors to *** degree.

The Dong people, in addition to celebrating the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, the Chongyang Festival, the New Year and other **** there are festivals, there are many unique with a strong sense of the countryside of the festival.

Sweet Poop Festival. After the first month, to the second day of February, the Dong people will enter the festive Sweet Poi Festival, Sweet Poi Festival that sweet honey festival, with wild sweet vine pounded slag with water and glutinous rice powder mixing, wrapped in zongzhong leaves into poi steaming and made to eat sweet sweet and cool, can be prevented from miasma immunity, moistening the lungs and appetizers. At night, the Dong girl invited young boys to sit night talk, longing for the future, in the dying girl from the house has been prepared to take out the sweet vine patty cake gift, said that has always remembered this sweet night, always remember the dying of the will and thoughts.

Lusheng Festival. August mid-autumn to October, is the Dong village village village village and village village between the race Lusheng collective guest season. This year A Zhai to B Zhai, next year C Zhai to B Zhai, or this year A Zhai as the main cottage, several other cottages at the same time to the A Zhai guest race Lusheng, race after the Lusheng, the night young men and women are singing, talk about love, late at night, the female side also burned oil tea or cooking sugar soup snacks, and it is not a happy place.

Eating Winter Festival. "Eat Winter Festival" is the Dong unique national holiday, October to November each year, the Dong family name for their ancestors to migrate into the village to hold commemorative activities, also known as the Festival of Ancestors. Eat Winter Festival is mainly to eat "frozen fish" on this day, other wines and delicacies are available, as lively as the New Year, so it is also known as "Dong New Year". It is a good time for friends and relatives to get together, and also a good time to visit each other collectively. There is no need to be invited by the host family to celebrate the Dong Festival; guests can simply bring small gifts or even go on their own with empty hands and feet, and the host family will be very generous with their hospitality. The more guests the host family has on this day, the happier they are, and the richer and more fortunate the family is.

Religion

The Dong religion includes both primitive and foreign religions, with nature worship as the mainstay and Buddhism and Taoism as the main religions, believing in the spirit of all things.

The primitive religion is characterized by totem worship, nature worship and ancestor worship. Totem worship, with the dragon as the most. Tombstone roof columns, court eaves bridge are carved dragons and snakes, Dong people think that the dragon is everywhere; rainbow after the rain, that is where the dragon inhabits, the snake in the tomb of the ancestors, more as the ancestor incarnation of double protection. Nature worship and the worship of the water god, that the sun, the moon, the stars, the stars, the wind, the rain, the thunder, the electricity, the flowers, the trees, the birds, the beasts, the fish, the insects are all gods, are the object of worship. Dong people worship the God of Thunder, and folklore has it that the God of Thunder saved the ginger girl and reproduced human beings. The worship of the God of the land and water is also so, where the bridge, the head of the village, the intersection, the argot and other places are set up its god, on New Year's holidays or home has not gone well to the god of the front of the incense offering. Ancestor worship is the worship of one's own ancestors, and a shrine is set up for year-round sacrifices. Dong people believe that "Sa" is the supreme ancestral god of the Dong people (i.e., the first grandmother), and that Sa is omnipresent and omnipotent. Whenever you set up a village, you must first ask for the blessing of "Sa"; and when you hold a grand collective activity, such as gathering money for antibodies and performing annual activities, you must first hold a grand ritual in front of the altar of Sa, and pray for the protection of Sa.

The main foreign religions are Buddhism, Taoism and Christianity, and the Dong people mainly believe in Buddhism. Buddhism was introduced in the Qing Dynasty, there is no real sense of righteousness religious rules, Buddhist activities are few, and the scale is not large, in the folk of those who are good men and women to the "Buddha" belief is mainly that people should be more good deeds, in order to go to the netherworld to exchange souls, waiting for the reincarnation of the reincarnation of the souls.

Culture

The Dong folk art is very colorful, mainly Dong songs, Dong opera, Dong dance.

The Dong song is the Dong ancestors in the long-term social practice and oral transmission of cultural and artistic treasures, the richness of its content, the tune of the beautiful, the variety of types, the form of diversity, amazing, there are Ye song, the song, opera song, double song, wine song, tea song, song, night song, the big brother and throat road song, pipa song, the song, can be a song, the Dong flute song, and so on, have all kinds of things. Especially the Dong songs are famous all over the world.

The Dong opera is the only type of opera of the Dong people, which was introduced to the channel in the early 50's. Although the history of the inspirer is not very long, it is very popular among the people of the Dong because of its unique Dong language and rhythmic singing. There are a lot of Dong dramas circulating in the folklore, including scripts adapted from Han biographies and novels, and scripts created from Dong folklore and stories; there are dramas with ancient themes, and there are also new dramas distilled from real life. Representative plays include "Zhulang Niangmei", "Liu Hui" and "Xiuyin Jimei".

The Dong Dance mainly includes Lusheng Dance, Doe Dance, Spring Cow Dance, Dragon Lantern Dance and Ritual Dance, with the Lusheng Dance being the largest and the most fiery, which is a kind of large-scale collective dance danced by oneself. Every year after the fall of August to the first month of the following year, the Dong villages are held between the grand collective visit activities (line year for also) - race Lusheng. There are circle performances, dancing performances and cockfighting performances. Especially the biennial Lusheng Festival is more lively, the participating teams are as few as 20 to 30, as many as 50 to 60, gathering Xiang, Gui, Qian, Guangdong provinces (regions) 3 to 50,000 people to participate in, then you will appreciate the "song of the world, the dance of the sea," the true meaning of the word.

Drinking

The Dong people's diet is characterized by "sour fish". "Sour fish", "sour meat" is the best feast, in the past, only red and white celebrations and the arrival of guests to open the barrel (special curing tools) to eat, can be taken immediately, can be charcoal fire food, can be fried fried food, is a dietary supplement to strengthen the stomach of the delicacies. The "scolding resistance" and "three weak" (sour shrimp) are refreshing and tasty, leaving a long-lasting aftertaste.

"Seeing guests will have tea" is a unique way of Dong hospitality. Dong people eat good oil tea, and more tea, after having a child, three Chao tea, birthday tea; girls get married to have away from the companion tea, away from the alley tea; line will give birth to a delivery tea, collection of tea; God worship worship "Sa" tea, festivals have to honor the ancestors of the tea and so on. The best rain tea, that is, the day of the rainy season, the new shoots picked to fry and burn oil tea to eat, sweet taste, fresh, slightly bitter, after eating can be anti-epidemic fitness, poisonous insects do not invade. Eat oil tea have "guests eat three bowls" (bowl of oil tea as much as possible) of the custom.

"Should be disk together" is the unique Dong banquet rituals, also known as "together feast". That is, divided into several brothers or a house family, a walled village came *** with the same guests, and the guests can not stay long, the main party of each household to do all they have, *** with the preparation of the banquet, set up a long table to accompany the meal, the opening of the table by an elder to raise a cup speech, and the other are to raise a cup to the neighboring seats. During the meal, each family passed the bowl of food in turn, so that the guests tasted each family. Toast to the song or guessing horse paddle, the atmosphere is warm and friendly, together with the feast less dozens of people, more than a few hundred people, thousands of people, such as the 50th anniversary of the county in 2004, "the only rock thousands of people together with the feast", a long table on the seat of more than 1,000 people.

Costumes

The Dong costumes in the territory of the channel are different because of the different sections, and converge because of the development of the times. Women's clothing varies greatly.

Dong men's clothing, each section of the area (custom area) is similar, the older men's clothing, the elderly wear collarless right-over-lapel blouse, wide and short folding head pants, head plate 1Zhang2 feet of green cloth, forehead wrapped into the "herringbone", the ends of the pa pa with colorful thread embroidered with a cockle pattern, the feet in summer wear grass shoes or hemp straw shoes, winter wear Wo pole shoes (Wo pole shoes), and in the winter, wear a straw shoe.

Dong women's clothing, more styles. South of Shuangjiang, women's blouse collarless right overlooking no buttons, the waist to a cloth belt tied with the Dong cloth; lower body before the wedding pants, after the wedding to white pleated skirt, lower limbs wrapped wrapped legs; wearing a bandana, the bandana on each end of the weaving two feet of brocade embroidery, leaving the fluffy whiskers. Weddings or festivals, head inserted silver jewelry, neck hanging a large collar; hibiscus gold temple piece, the girl's big lapel right over, do not leave full hair, shaved along the side of the hair, leaving only the top of the head, combing a single braid, to fine velvet rope tie knot, if there is a new burial at home, it is a green velvet tie braid. After marriage, full hair, pull the sideburns on the top of the head, sideburns around the sideburns, hot days wear 3~5 silver ornaments on the right overlooking clothes, button beads on the surface of the birds and flowers, winter wear collarless overlooking right overlooking button down clothes or clothing style tops, chest tie aprons, to the back of the neck with a silver chain, both sides of the waist to tie the Dong brocade belt, in the back to connect the knot. In her husband's house, she wears a skirt, in her mother's house, she wears pants, and in winter and spring, she wears hard-soled shoes with hooks on the front end, with round mouths edged with white threads and white cloth socks, and in summer and fall, she wears cloth-bottomed shoes with brocade ribbons or straw sandals. Dupo women, wearing two feet of long handkerchiefs, scarf edge with curved patterns, pulling vertebrae sideburns, right-over-obligation clothes, silver chains to tie the buttons, around the waist skirt, lace around the waist edge, pants, wrapped in embroidered foot binding. Sowing Yang women, head tied three feet Xu flower Gepa, girls tied long braids, tie red velvet belt, hair plaits coiled on the outside of the headscarf, clothing for the right-overlapping lapel, the outer skirt and clothes Qi, skirt has a button in the collar before the buckle, chest skirt waist horizontal one or two fingers wide color strips clothes cuffs, lapel edges and flower fork are tied with colorful silk threads, the sleeves and lapel edges of the rolled three edges with blue and white cloth strips, with fine tube pants. The women and girls in the countryside and Lin Kou wore a single braid, and when they reached puberty they pulled up their sideburns and inserted two hairpins, and before they gave birth, they always pulled up their sideburns into a rounded hair sideburns, which was called "collecting the heart sideburns", and there were silver sideburns on the sideburns, and they had a long scarf wrapped around their heads, which was from 8 feet to 1 zhang 2 feet long, and they were dressed in large-breasted clothes with three kinds of borders of red, blue, and green, and they had a piece of embroidered skirt hanging on their chests with a silver chain tied to it. skirt.

Scenic spots

The channel territory is rich and colorful cultural relics, stunning landscape scattered. Passage County is a large county of cultural relics, there is a new period of the era of the Great Wasteland site, the Shang - Western Zhou Annan site and other ancient cultural sites; there is the Song Dynasty Tangchong ancient tomb group, the Ming Dynasty Wanyinshan hanging coffins tomb, the Ming Dynasty broadcasting the Yang inspector's Division of the ancient tomb group, the Qing Dynasty, such as Yujushan monks' tomb ancient burials; there is the Song Dynasty, yellow garden kiln site, the Yuan Dynasty, such as the site of kilns and other cultural relics; there are the Martian Drum Tower, the Huilongqiao, the Baiyiguan, Yang Rotten Walled Gate, the Bingshu Pavilion, Gongcheng Academy, Puxiu Bridge, taro ancient Dong village and other ancient buildings; there are eight treasures of silver knighthood, bronze flower and grass gilt cups, brown color point leaf string pattern soul altar, stone chiseled incense burner, bamboo guavas, relief souls and other cultural relics in the collection; there are the Red Army hand grenade, the Red Army horse lamps, Pizijie Red Army martyrs' tombs, Xiaoshui Battle Monument, Shuangjiang Martyrs' Mausoleum, the Long March Memorial Forest Monument, the Long March of the Red Army transfer site, such as the "Red Red" cultural relics. Passage is also a large ethnic eco-tourism county scenic spots to taro ancient Dong village, Huangdu Dong cultural village, pingtan drum tower group, high step "Sa" culture, Yang rotten silver village, Zitan dress lusheng team, ping yang all base Dong troupe, the only rock style garden as the main line of the "100 miles of Dong culture corridor "Polar Cave", "Lion Looking at the Moon", "Prime Plant", "Divine Immortal Cave ", "Lion Rock", "Eighteen Bends", "Red Army Mountain", "Ziyun Mountain ", "Wanfo Mountain"; there are Hongmenchong primitive sub-forest, Longdi "South China's first rafting", Yudai River leisure tour, three provinces slope Dawuliang race song field, Huangshagang natural hunting grounds, Engo Zhangli subtropical gully wildlife plant kingdom and other attractions. Kingdom and other famous scenic spots.

Road map as reference address