Returning to the traditional color style will become a new design trend?

Returning to the traditional color style will become a new design trend _ Bi Sen You Xin _ Architectural Design _ Architectural Chinese Network A city, a building, gives people the feeling of color besides appearance. The progress of an era and the evolution of a city reflect the popularity of urban architectural colors.

A city and a building give people a sense of color as well as appearance. The progress of an era and the evolution of a city reflect the popularity of urban architectural colors.

Tang Dynasty: Color Reflects Taste

Henry Hui Wang, an architect, said that the colors of buildings in China initially reflected the functions of nature. Before the Tang Dynasty, there was no color, but the natural color of the material stood out. By the Tang Dynasty, the architecture had a unified planning, and the architecture was under the control of the Ministry of Rites, and there was a division of grades. The buildings in the Tang Dynasty all use the combination of scarlet and white to produce bright, pleasing, concise and lively color beauty.

Yellow has become the exclusive color of the royal family. Yellow and red are used in palaces and temples. Red, cyan and blue are the official colors of Wang Fu. Only black, gray and white can be used in private houses. It can be said that the Tang Dynasty used color to safeguard the interests of the ruling class.

The buildings in the Tang Dynasty are magnificent, simple in shape and magnificent. During this period, the application of bricks was more extensive, the firing of colored glaze was more advanced, and the comparison of building components was gradually finalized. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of architectural development in the history of China. The main halls of nanzenji and Beijushi in Wutai Mountain are well preserved, but many murals have not been preserved and recorded. In addition, pagodas are spread all over the country, and the decorative art of Datang is fascinating because of its thick and straight building components, simple style and strong and rich aesthetic feeling.

Straight lattice windows prevailed in the Tang dynasty, and the patterns on the window lattice were turtle brocade and dense ball pattern. There are often murals on indoor walls, and the ceiling form is very simple. At this time, "halo" was initially used for color painting composition, which had a certain enlightenment to the color painting based on the principle of anti-halo and halo in Song Dynasty. In the use of patterns, in addition to lotus petals, long and narrow lace is often rolled into ribbon patterns with grass, or characters are mixed in the rolled grass patterns. These patterns are not only rich in composition, but also smooth and beautiful in lines. It is also often arranged alternately with hemispheres and whole balls, and there are rich decorative patterns such as palindromes, beads, tassels, flame patterns and flying immortals.

Song Dynasty: Color Reflects the Mainstream

Tang and Song Dynasties come down in one continuous line, and architecture in Song Dynasty is the inheritance and development of architecture in Tang Dynasty. With the extensive use of paints and the influence of Indian Buddhism, the color of buildings is highlighted as red. The colors of this period reflected the mainstream culture at that time. The Song Dynasty likes stable, simple and elegant tones, which is caused by the social thought based on Confucian rationalism and Zen philosophy.

The architectural specifications of the Song Dynasty were generally smaller than those of the Tang Dynasty, but they were more exquisite, gorgeous and changeable than those of the Tang Dynasty, and various complex halls, attics, platforms and other forms appeared.

The buildings in Song Dynasty were greatly influenced by Tang Dynasty, mainly represented by halls, pagodas and tombs, and decorated with colored paintings, sculptures and glazed tiles. And the building components began to be standardized, and there were architectural summary works such as Wood Classics and Architectural French. The organic combination of decoration and architecture is a major feature of the Song Dynasty. The temple tower is reasonable in decoration scale, complete in shape and vigorous. Tiger Hill in Suzhou and Renshou Tower in Quanzhou are typical works. The stone carvings and patterns in Zhaoling tomb are full of vitality and richness, which has guiding significance for the development of folk patterns later.

In terms of decoration, buildings in this period used a large number of openable doors and windows, which not only changed the appearance of the building, but also improved the indoor ventilation and lighting compared with the board doors and straight windows in Tang and Liao buildings. Most of the Buddha statues in the lower part of the house are made of stone, with rich and colorful compositions and exquisite carvings. The forms and carvings of column bases tend to be diversified. In addition to circular, square and octagonal columns, there are melon-shaped columns, and a large number of stone columns are used, and the surface of the columns is often engraved with various patterns. At the same time, it expands the indoor space and gives people a cheerful and lively feeling. The roof is covered with glazed tiles, or glazed tiles with green tiles form a trimmed roof. The proportion, composition and color of color painting and decoration all reached a certain artistic effect, so the impression of the building at that time was soft and brilliant.

Yuan Dynasty: Beautiful and Gorgeous Style

Palace buildings in the Yuan Dynasty also inherited the traditions since the Tang and Song Dynasties. After the Yuan Dynasty, the decorative patterns tended to be plain and realistic, and the colors and patterns of palace buildings were carefully studied, with beautiful and gorgeous styles.

After the death of the Song Dynasty, architecture was once influenced by foreign craftsmen, mainly northern craftsmen. Its architectural structure is bold and rough, and its artistic style is wild and uninhibited. There were many nationalities in the Yuan Dynasty, and each nationality had different religions and cultures. Through mutual communication, some new factors have been added to the traditional architectural art. At this time, religious buildings were quite developed, and many Lamaism temples and towers were built from Tibet to Dadu, bringing some new decorative themes and new techniques of sculpture and mural painting. Islamic worship temples have been built in Dadu, Xinjiang, Yunnan and some cities in the southeast, and they have begun to combine with the buildings in China to form an independent style, and the decoration and color have gradually merged. The Cross Pagoda is another building type of Lamaism. Yuntai in Beijing is the most famous. On the inner wall of the coupon stone and coupon cave in Yuntai, there are Tibetan patterns such as gods, golden winged birds, dragons and clouds and scriptures in six languages. These sculptures are all high reliefs, the postures and expressions of the characters are vigorous, and all kinds of patterns have a lively and jumping atmosphere, which is different from the traditional style of the Han nationality and is a fine sculpture in the Yuan Dynasty. The sculpture theme and techniques of Lamaism had a great influence on the architectural art of Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially on the official architecture.

Ming Dynasty: Strong colors are pleasing to the eye.

Nanjing was founded in the early Ming Dynasty, mainly relying on Jiangnan craftsmen. Yongle moved its capital to Beijing, and the construction of Beijing Palace was mainly based on southern craftsmen. The architecture of Ming Dynasty is rigorous, beautiful, exquisite and elegant, which has the style of Jiangnan art, but it has been rendered by royal nobles, and it is huge in volume and strong in color, which is far from the elegance of Jiangnan. But its root system is similar to that of Jiangnan architecture. The output of bricks has greatly increased, and the quantity and quality of glazed tiles have surpassed that of any previous dynasty. Official buildings have been highly standardized and modeled. The main part of the house, that is, the part that can often get sunshine, is generally warmer, especially vermilion; For shaded areas, use cool shades of green and blue. This emphasizes the warmth of the sun and the shade of the shadow, forming a pleasing contrast. In feudal society, the use of color was restricted by the hierarchy. In general civil residential buildings, blue-gray brick walls and tile roofs are mostly used, and beams and doors and windows are mostly made of natural wood, which is also very elegant.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Lamaism architecture in Tibet and Mongolia further developed on the basis of the Yuan Dynasty. There are some relatively complete and qualitative decorative techniques in temple buildings, which make the appearance of many buildings in temples have the same artistic characteristics. The walls are thick, with big partitions and small windows, so the building looks magnificent and strong. A large number of horizontal wires on the eaves and walls give people a multi-level feeling. These characteristics increase the sense of scale of architecture in art. In terms of color and decoration, a comparative method is adopted. According to the doctrine, churches and towers are painted white, Buddhist temples are painted red, white walls are painted black window frames, red wooden porches and brown ribbons, and red walls are mainly painted white and brown ribbons. The roof part and decorative belt are decorated with gold plating, or the roof is decorated with gold plating. The sharp contrast between these decorations and colors helps to highlight the importance of religious buildings.

Islamic architecture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was represented by the worship temple in Uighur and Mazha. The window railing combination of this kind of building uses various exquisite geometric patterns. There are many kinds of Uygur architectural decoration, the most prominent of which is the combination of tile decoration, gypsum flower decoration, color painting and window sash. A variety of decorations are often used comprehensively to form a gorgeous and meticulous artistic atmosphere.

Qing Dynasty: Painting and colored painting prevailed.

In the Qing Dynasty, the use of colors became more and more complicated, and the decoration of buildings became more and more prominent. The most prominent thing in this period is "painting and painting". A series of contents related to architectural culture have been formed around color painting, and some functions of color painting have also evolved into decoration. The hierarchical system in the late Qing dynasty polarized the architectural color, and the artistic expression lies in the content requirements. For example, the palace is the most important and has the strongest color; Tanmiao and Lingmiao are in turn, and the color intensity decreases. Folk houses are the most common and the colors are the simplest. For example, the color of the Forbidden City in Beijing is red and yellow, some important buildings around it are red, while the houses are green, while most other buildings in Beijing are gray.

Architectural decoration in Ming and Qing Dynasties is the last peak in the history of ancient architecture in China. Many large palaces and mausoleums have been built, with excellent quantity and quality and profound decoration style, reflecting the prestige of imperial power in the heyday of Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, the vitality of architectural decorative patterns or color paintings was low, and the decorative styles of Tang and Song Dynasties disappeared, resulting in trivial and lifeless situations due to excessive pursuit of exquisiteness.

Modern Times: Crazy retro style

In the Revolution of 1911, influenced by the West, the architectural system changed and the color relationship changed. Concessions appeared in some areas of China, and these buildings highlighted the essential color. The color of the building at that time set off the function of the building carrier.

Influenced by the cancellation of architectural decoration in Europe and America, modern architecture in China has stepped onto the stage of emphasizing the application of modern technology and new materials, but not the decoration. Decorative patterns are rare. In addition to the requirements of function and construction technology, the beautification of buildings can only find an ideal pattern among doors, windows and solid walls that meet the function and technology.

After the founding of New China, during the "Cultural Revolution", like the destruction of other fields in China, architectural creation was also greatly damaged, and it was improperly required to embody a distorted and inflated concept of "politics". As a result, the so-called "Viva Pavilion" built in various places, city central squares or other urban landmark buildings has appeared something that can be called a political concrete symbol or an abstract symbol, which imitates the top ten buildings of Beijing National Day unprincipled. The color of the building has become a single boring thing.

Retroism can be said to be the continuation of the previous "national form" architectural movement, and its proposition is to give a narrow "national form", that is, traditional architectural style to new buildings, without paying much attention to the unity of new architectural form and content. One of its valuable ideological foundations is that the people of China have stood up, which inspired patriotic architects. However, "architecture" is a very complicated thing. It is definitely wrong to try to impose the styles of palaces and temples that were once suitable for wooden structures and handicrafts on new buildings with different functions, materials, structures, construction methods and people's aesthetic tastes. The external condition for the prevalence of retro-ism was the movement advocated at that time to learn from the Soviet Union, and the Soviet architecture at that time embarked on the road of retro-ism. The more influential works in this period include Beijing Yi Xi Hotel, Chongqing Great Hall of the People, Changchun Geological Palace and Beijing Sanlihe "Four Departments and One Meeting" office building. Most of them have a huge roof like a palace, covered with colored glazed tiles, and the eaves are covered with bucket arches poured with reinforced concrete. All reinforced concrete beams and columns are modeled after wooden structures, and they are covered with colorful paintings. Doors and windows are also the styles of ancient wooden doors and windows.

Post-80s: Return to Nature

Since 1980s, due to the irreversibility of reform and opening up, China architects and architectural theorists have deeply realized that architectural art should be closely synchronized with the times, should be based on the solid soil of modern life in China, and insist on creating a new architectural culture with both characteristics of the times and China style. All architectural works can be roughly divided into archaism, neoclassicism, new localism, new nationalism and local modernism.

Antique is a serious creation that draws more lessons from the external image of traditional buildings under special circumstances. Almost all the original ancient buildings have been destroyed, rebuilt or built into tourist buildings, such as Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang, Confucius Temple and Qinhuai River in Nanjing, Liulichang Cultural Street in Beijing and Gong Tianfei Cultural Street in Tianjin.

Neoclassicism has made more changes to the external image of traditional architecture, focusing on a creation that draws on its expression and interest. His representative works include the stork tower in Shandong, Shaanxi History Museum in xi, Yuhuatai Memorial Hall in Nanjing and Beijing West Railway Station.

New localism takes a different approach, instead of turning to traditional mainstream palaces and temples, and collecting elites from local folk buildings. His representative works include Wuyishan Villa Hotel in Fujian, Huang Shanyun Gushan Villa Hotel with the characteristics of southern Anhui, and Dunhuang Wharf in Gansu, which presents the style of adobe houses in Hexi.

Neo-nationalism refers to the creation with local ethnic characteristics that arose in ethnic minority areas in the 1980s, such as Xinjiang Guest House in Urumqi, Great Hall of the People in Xinjiang, Lhasa Hotel in Tibet, Xishuangbanna Gymnasium in Yunnan, etc.

With the participation of western architects and the market-oriented operation of real estate enterprises, the color of buildings has become strong, such as orange in modern cities. Now the house is clear in color, such as white.

What is the popular color of architecture in China in 2005?

Song Jianming believes that the color style of returning to nature and traditional culture will continue to become a popular trend, that is, people choose architectural images shaped by colors more like natural materials. Such as the "Phoenix Totem" in Beijing. In addition, "modern" European style is still very popular, so it will continue to be popular, such as "Olympic Garden" in Beijing and "Binjiang New Town" in Shenyang.

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