Analysis on the Development and Application of Japanese Gardens in Northern China: Hand-painted Landscape Design Drawings.

Japanese gardens absorbed the essence of classical gardens in China, and combined with the local geographical environment, culture and the aesthetic concept of Zen Buddhism, derived the garden culture with Japanese national characteristics. Based on the objective conditions of northern China, combined with the advantages and characteristics of Japanese gardens, this paper explores and studies the development and application of Japanese garden elements in the design of northern China gardens and their integration with traditional China gardens, and analyzes the actual design cases to realize a traditional landscape design concept with the characteristics of northern Japanese gardens.

Keywords Japanese gardens; North; China traditional gardens; mix together

1. Introduction to Japanese Gardens

1. 1 the origin of Japanese gardens and traditional gardens in China.

China is the birthplace of oriental gardens and even natural landscape gardens in the world. The long humanistic history and profound cultural accumulation are reflected in the art of gardening, resulting in the most mature form of natural landscape architecture-humanistic landscape architecture. China's cultural thoughts and gardening skills had a profound impact on Japanese gardens, which gave birth to and developed Japanese garden art. According to its geographical environment, local culture and the aesthetic concept of Zen culture, Japan created two garden forms with Japanese characteristics, namely "dry mountains and rivers" and "tea garden". Entering modern landscape design, Japanese gardens have been actively exploring and developing. Its simple, simple, mysterious and ethereal style has continued into Japanese modern landscape design, forming a landscape design system with strong cultural traditions and national spirit, which conforms to the trend of minimalism in the world to some extent.

1.2 Landscape Architecture Concept

Japanese classical gardens pay attention to the abstraction and freehand brushwork of natural landscape. Chiquan-style gardens with landscape as the skeleton have been running through royal gardens and private gardens, and mountains, water, forests and stones, which represent the composition of heaven and earth, have always been the backbone and focus of the gardens. The number of trees far exceeds that of China gardens, which makes Japanese gardens show unique nature and wild interest. When placing stones, we often use hidden stones to express our submission to heaven. Grass-top logs are mostly used in buildings, without carving or painting, which is extremely natural. Especially the arid landscape, pay more attention to eternity. Only stones are used to symbolize mountains, rivers and islands, avoiding plants and water bodies that wither and change with time, so as to reflect the realm of Zen Buddhism's "feeling to the heart" and "Brahman and I are one". Its form is purer and artistic conception is more ethereal, but it is often in a corner, with cramped space, a little indifference and no interest.

2. Feasibility of implementing Japanese-style gardens in northern China.

2. 1 climate survey in northern China

Due to its own special climatic conditions, the landscape design in northern China has strong regionality and limitations, resulting in relatively few plant materials growing in this area, short growing season, relatively single color and poor visibility in windy winter.

2.2 Water resources in the northern region

With the deterioration of ecological environment in recent years, especially the water shortage in northern China, Dr. Yu, director of Peking University Landscape Design Center, believes that there are several unfavorable factors restricting the development of waterscape houses in Beijing and even in northern China: large evaporation, insufficient precipitation, serious underground leakage, serious pollution and extremely insufficient water sources. Due to the severe water resources problem, we should be particularly careful in making waterscape. If the design is not forward-looking and blindly pursues the design of waterscape to meet the market demand, it will be difficult to ride a tiger and the property management fee will be difficult to support, and eventually a mess will be formed, leaving a stinking ditch or a dry ditch.

2.3 the superiority of Japanese gardens

1) The effect of "seeing the big from the small": Japanese gardens focus on creating a small, quiet and far-reaching space effect in a small space, and small courtyard gardens are the concentration of nature. In view of the increasing shortage of land resources in China and the small private disposable space, especially in courtyard design, the application effect of Japanese gardens is worth learning.

2) Good ornamental value: in the quiet Japanese-style courtyard, there are no tall trees, but most evergreen trees. Small-path shrubs with fresh branches and leaves and neatly trimmed conifers are the ever-changing background curtain of flowers in the four seasons. In the cold winter in the north, it can become the main ornamental landscape.

3) Economic landscape: The peaks and valleys are represented by stones, and the white sands are raked into parallel curves to symbolize thousands of waves. It not only gives people an extraordinary feeling, but also saves water resources and has ornamental value in winter.

3. Analysis on the application of Japanese landscape elements —— Taking the landscape design of Xinxin Home Club of Beijing Asian Games as an example.

3. 1 Shijing

Stone scenery is one of the main scenes of Japanese gardens. As the saying goes, "There is no garden without stones." Japanese-style stone scenery is rich in stone selection, simple and steady. It doesn't pursue trivial changes like China Stone Scene, but it also pays great attention to the shape, texture and color of the stone. In particular, instead of making a strange structure with a wide top and a narrow bottom, it is a stable mountain shape with a wide bottom and a cut top, which is deeply natural. The composition of stone scenery is based on "stone group", which is composed of several single stones. The arrangement and combination of their plane positions, as well as the composition echo relationship in shape, size and posture, have all been carefully scrutinized.

In the stone landscape design of the new home landscape of the Asian Games Village, rich, simple and steady Japanese landscape stones are followed, and the painting theory of China's landscape painting is combined. China's landscape paintings often have "sublimity" in one painting, which makes you feel the majesty of the mountain and the oppression of the mountain, as if you were there. There is "far-reaching" that makes you feel that the mountains and rivers are complex and profound; Have "Pingyuan", broad vision and relaxed mentality. To achieve this effect, it is necessary to break the limitation of focus perspective to observe the scenery, and use scattered perspectives such as looking up, looking down and looking up to describe the scenery in the painting. According to this idea, through conception, choose suitable stones and plants to arrange and combine to complete this idea. Then set loose stones according to the main scene, which is a kind of scattered and elegant foil placed in the blank of the water surface in the form of groups. They have the nature of "point" in meaning and are visual units with spatial position. It plays an ending role in the vivid overall picture and plays a final role in explaining the development of the mountain (see figure 1).

Figure 1 Stone Scene

3.2 waterscape

Traditional Japanese courtyards are divided into dry courtyards and landscape courtyards, so waterscape is also divided into dry courtyards and real waterscape.

1) dry land landscape

Dry landscape is to use stones to represent waterfalls and white sand to symbolize flowing water, that is, to use stone sand to represent water instead of a grass and a tree, and to pursue abstract beauty. For example, the daxian courtyard of Dade Temple in Kyoto is a typical arid landscape garden.

How to learn from and integrate the dry scenery of China? In the application process, whether we can "see the big from the small" depends on its outline. The scene design follows the principle of "three distances" from the main landscape stone, and integrates the landscape stone with the dry landscape to make the visual effect more open and far-reaching. However, due to the large sandstorm in northern China, the white gravel commonly used in arid landscape is easy to get dirty and difficult to take care of. In this case, the dry scene mainly covers a drainage ditch around the building, which can solve the washing and drainage problems. Generally speaking, the following measures can be taken to alleviate it: First, choosing beige gravel is not only more resistant to dirt than white gravel, but more importantly, it is soft in color and can better coordinate with the surrounding environment. Secondly, the gravel foundation is used at the bottom, which can prevent the soil from flowing back to pollute the gravel during the washing process, and can also realize the function of natural drainage through infiltration. Thirdly, pebbles are bonded to the bottom of the pool to give full play to its functional diversity. For example, the scenery is a natural stream in rainy season, and it can be appreciated as a dry stream when there is no water.

2) Real waterscape

Waterscape design is an integral part of the overall landscape of the courtyard. Water features can be mountain streams and pools surrounded by mountains and evergreen shrubs, or lakes, waterfalls, fountains, gurgling streams and winding rivers on green open land. There are many choices. In practice, it is convenient and quick to use prefabricated ponds to create small waterscapes, such as typical Japanese water stone bowls, which can play a very good role in scenic spots.

3.3 Plant planting

Japanese gardens, especially arid mountains and rivers, have few but fine plants, so we should pay special attention to controlling the volume and posture, strive for nature, spend less and have more moss or ferns, and do not plant tall trees in arid mountains and rivers. In view of the objective conditions in northern China, the plant collocation with the characteristics of Japanese northern gardens was selected (see table 1).

Table 1 List of Common Planting in Japan and Suitable Planting in North China

summary

This paper analyzes Japanese gardening techniques, draws lessons from its excellent factors, combines China's traditional culture and local environment, and reflects the importance of traditional culture and art in the contemporary landscape of China through the application analysis of actual cases. Studying the application and integration of Japanese garden elements in traditional garden design in northern China is conducive to the formation of an innovative landscape design system with strong cultural traditions and national spirit.

refer to

[1] Yoko Kawaguchi. Quiet courtyard. Beijing Science and Technology Press, 2004

[2] Liu. Comparison of Chinese and Japanese classical gardens. Tianjin University Press, 2004

[3] Jin Xuezhi. China's garden aesthetics. China Building Industry Press, 2005.

Chart source

1, Figure 1 Live shooting of the new home of the Asian Games

2. Summary in table 1

About the author:

Yan Yili, ethnic group: Han nationality, ancestral home: Neiqiu, Hebei Province, engaged in landscape design.