Fu Tao details daquan

Fu Tao is a folk culture with a long history in China. The ancients wrote the names of "Shen Tu" and "Lei Yu" Er Shen on mahogany boards, or painted the image of Er Shen on paper, hung it, inlaid it or posted it at the door to pray for good luck and eliminate disasters. It is said that mahogany has the function of suppressing evil spirits and exorcising ghosts. This is the earliest symbol of peach.

Chinese name: the essence of peach symbol: the function of peach board to suppress evil spirits and exorcise ghosts: the function time of suppressing evil spirits and exorcise ghosts: the concept of words, basic information, basic explanation, quotation explanation, historical development, evolution, predecessor, prosperity, peach symbol and Spring Festival couplets, legends, folk customs, peach legend, mountain and sea classics, related customs, and basic information of word concept Title: Fu Tao Pinyin: táo fú Athena Chu. In ancient times, two red boards or papers engraved with the names of the fighting gods were hung on the gate to ward off evil spirits, which was equivalent to fighting gods. 2. Later generations often put Spring Festival couplets on peach symbols, so later generations use peach symbols to refer to Spring Festival couplets and swinging spring. Citation and explanation 1. In ancient times, two red boards or papers painted with Shen Tu and Lei Yu were hung on doors, believing that they could suppress evil souls. In the Southern Dynasties, Liang Zonggu wrote "The Chronicle of Jingchu": "On the first day of the first month ... put a picture on the henhouse with a reed rope hanging on it and a peach symbol inserted next to it. All ghosts are afraid of it." The Tang poem "To Sister-in-law": "The case can be counted, but where is the holy desire?" Yuan Gujing's first poem "Willow in the South of the City" says: "Saw the peach trees into peach symbols, nail them on the door and ask them to watch the door for me." Guo Moruo's View on Children's Literature: "Children's literature is not some monsters who draw peach charms." "Study in Qionglin" year old: firecrackers fade away, and every family updates. 2. In the Five Dynasties, couplets were written on mahogany boards and then on paper, which was called Spring Festival couplets. Song Meng's Dream in Tokyo in December: "In recent years, the streets have been printed and sold with fighting gods, Zhong Kui, pottery boards, Fu Tao, dumb donkeys, deer and horses, and celestial posts. Qing Fu Cha rushed to the Spring Festival couplets at the age of Yanjing: "The Spring Festival couplets are also from Fu Tao. Since I entered Rome, some scholars have written Spring Festival couplets under the eaves of the city in order to polish the pen. "Bing Xin's Three Letters to Young Readers" VI: "Every Spring Festival, people will always see red paper Spring Festival couplets posted on their doorways, and some of them say,' Firecrackers put out the old, and every household updates peach charms'-peach charms are another name for Spring Festival couplets. Also known as "Fu Tao Board". Yu Zheng Xie's Gui Si Cun Manuscript Door Pair in the Qing Dynasty: "Fu Tao Board, that is, today's door pair, should have existed in ancient times, starting from the Five Dynasties. "Historical Development Ying Shao's" Custom Yi Tong "in the Eastern Han Dynasty said:" The Book of the Yellow Emperor "said that in ancient times, under the peach blossom tree on Shuoshan Mountain, there lived two brothers who were full of tea and melancholy, where ghosts were foolish and ate tigers with reeds as a supplement. So, on New Year's Eve, the county magistrate drew a picture of a tiger hanging on a reed on the door. "Fu Tao first wrote Er Shen's name or portrayed his image, which later evolved into auspicious words and then into dual poems. This is a couplet before papermaking appeared. At the same time, it also shows that the custom of hanging peach symbols in the Spring Festival has been popular at least in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Customizing Spring Festival couplets with peach symbols originated from the Zhou Dynasty when the peach symbol "Fu Tao" was a rectangular red board hanging on both sides of the gate. According to the Book of Rites, the peach symbol is six inches long and three inches wide, and the words "Shen Tu" and "Lei Yu" are written on the mahogany board. " On the first day of the first month, a peach symbol was made for the family and named immortal wood, which all ghosts were afraid of. Therefore, the Qing Dynasty's "Yanjing Shi Sui Ji" said: "Spring Festival couplets, that is, Fu Tao." . In the Five Dynasties, couplets began to appear on the symbols of peaches, replacing the names of Shen Tu and Lei Yu, and people generally wrote some auspicious words on them. Two years after Song Taizu went to Germany, Meng, the king of Shu, tried it early and wrote an inscription for the bachelor on New Year's Eve. The master of Shu was not satisfied with the words written by the bachelor, that is, he wrote "New Year's Day, Qing Yu, Jiajie, Changchun". Meng Chang's inscription changed the content and nature of the legendary Fu Tao, and changed Fu Tao from the original peach wooden sign into a special style of expressing some thoughts-couplets. Some experts believe that Meng Chang's inscription is the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China. In order to celebrate the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang issued a decree on New Year's Eve, requiring officials and scholars to post a Spring Festival couplets on their doors. This custom of turning "carving peach symbols" into posting Spring Festival couplets was promoted to the people's portal website by the official court giants overnight. Early the next morning (New Year's Day), Zhu Yuanzhang traveled incognito, strolled the streets and enjoyed the Spring Festival couplets. When he found that a butcher's family didn't post Spring Festival couplets because he had no money to buy paper, he ordered someone to get paper and ink. Now he wrote a couplet for the butcher: split the road of life and death with both hands and cut off the root of right and wrong with one knife. Since ancient times, people in China have believed that peaches have the function of exorcism. In the pre-Qin period, the peach broom (1 on) had magical power to exorcise evil spirits. "The Book of Rites Tan Gong Xia" says: "It's evil to lose your monarch and Wu Zhutao acceded to the throne. "Zuo Zhuan and Xiang Gong have been together for twenty-nine years, and there is such an example." "Zhou Li Xiaguan" said that the vassal alliance should cut off the cow's ear to get blood, and the peach blossom should be used as a town object. In the fourth year of Zuo Zhuan, Zhao Gong recorded that when taking ice, a bow made of peach wood and a barbed arrow were used for disaster relief ceremony. The predecessor of peach symbol is peach stalk and peach branch. The function of peach branches to ward off evil spirits can be found in Zhuangzi: "Put peach branches in the house, even under the ashes. Boys are afraid to enter, but ghosts are afraid. " ("Literature and Art Collection" Volume 86) Slightly processed peach branches have the same effect. "Huainanzi Yan Quan" says: "Yi died of peach." In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Gao said, "Oranges and big sticks are all made of peach wood to kill foreigners. From then on, ghosts are afraid of peaches. " In this way, from the legendary era, the ancients had a special belief in peach wood. Due to the magical function of the Taofu Stick, the Wei Ji Taofu Stick was given to the officials, ministers, generals and princes in the Han Dynasty (The Book of the Later Han Dynasty Roars). Carving peaches into human shapes is also a means for the ancients to ward off evil spirits. When "The Warring States Policy Qi Ce III" said that he planned to be a Qin national, Su Qin told him the fable of clay figurine and peach stalk to stop him. Among them, the clay figurine said peach stalk: "Now the son of Dong Guo is a stalk, and he carved his son into a man." It can be seen that there were peach stalks that cut peach trees during the Warring States Period. According to the Records of the Book of Rites in the Later Han Dynasty, The Classic of Mountains and Seas is set in Dushuo Mountain, and stands in Shentu and Leiyu, where the big peach branches are the gates of death, the reeds are holding ghosts and the tigers are their careers. "The method of the Yellow Emperor is like this, and it stands at the portal after it is finished, because there are peach stalks." The Book of the Yellow Emperor was also quoted in the Customs of the Eastern Han Dynasty to tell this story, and it was said: "So the county officials decorated the Taoren with wax on New Year's Eve and hung the reed painting tiger on the door, which was a good thing before the effect." It can be seen that on the eve of the twelfth lunar month in the Han Dynasty, the custom of standing peach stalks (people) by the door has become popular. "Story of Jingchu's Old Age" said after the New Year's greeting: "Make a peach board and call it Xianmu." It can be seen that the peach board appeared again in the Six Dynasties. (Author's Publishing House: The general edition of this book is about paste chicken. After hanging the reed rope, it says "insert peach symbol beside it". The word "peach symbol" is wrong, so I won't take it. ) By the end of the Tang Dynasty, the word "peach symbol" appeared, and the Four Seasons of Korea and Hubei clearly pointed out: "Xianmu is the peach symbol of today." In other words, the symbol of peach is the cane and peach stem of ancient Zhi Tao, and the word "symbol" more clearly expresses its exorcism. Since then, the usage of "Fu Tao" has prevailed in the Song Dynasty, and the poem "Yuan Ri" quoted by Wang Anshi is an example. Painting Shen Tu and Lei Yu's names on the mahogany board in Sheng Xing was very popular in the Song Dynasty. After telling the legend of Dushuo Mountain, Gao Cheng wrote: "Therefore, it is better to write a book" Right Lei Yu, Left Shen Tu "and establish Yuanmen." The Chronicle Miscellanies of the Northern Song Dynasty, which reflects the customs of the Northern Song Dynasty, also said that the Fu Tao was painted with immortals, Bai Ze was a sister-in-law, and left Lei Yu and right Shen Tu were written. Therefore, the peach board can be called the symbol of peach. The portraits of Shen Tu and Lei Yu, as peach symbols to ward off evil spirits, have been popular until the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Ming Jiajing's "Tingzhou Mansion Records" said: "Peach symbols, newly painted peach symbols, placed on both sides of the household, are like tea, standing on the ground to hate evil spirits." There are many records of hanging peach symbols on New Year's Eve in local chronicles of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Fu Tao and the Spring Festival couplets mentioned Wang Anshi's poem "January Day", which is well-known: "firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su; Thousands of households always exchange new peaches for old ones. " The poet described the joyful and peaceful scene of the spring breeze. In spring, thousands of families celebrated the Spring Festival and set off firecrackers. Families got together, drank Tu Su wine and replaced the old peach symbols on the door panels with new ones. In the Song Dynasty, the symbol of peach was replaced by paper, which was called "Spring Festival couplets" or "Spring stickers". Spring Festival couplets originated in Fu Tao. There is a long-standing saying that peach trees can ward off evil spirits. Zhuangzi described: "Put the peach branches indoors, even under the ashes. Boys are afraid to enter, but ghosts are afraid. " Momo branch gives a magical effect. "The Chronicle of Jingchu" records: "Peach boards were made and landed in a household named Xianmu." Peach branches on every door have become peach boards. At first, the names of Shen Tu and Lei Yu were written on peach symbols or painted with portraits and hung at the door to pray and avoid disaster. Then write some auspicious words on it. New Year's Eve in 964 AD is a memorable day in history. Meng Changjun, the Emperor of Shu, ordered a bachelor to write an inscription on the Fu Tao board on his bedroom door, but the bachelor did not dare to neglect it, and it was soon finished. Meng Chang saw it and was not satisfied. He wrote a neat and auspicious poem, "New Year's Day, Jia Festival in Changchun". Meng Chang's poems are the earliest and most standardized couplets in Historical Records, which are of milestone significance. From then on, peach charms can not only ward off evil spirits, but also write auspicious wishes for welcoming the New Year and jade. There are two forms of early couplets recorded in Sui Miscellanies in the Northern Song Dynasty: one is to write in the newspaper and you Lei, and the other is to write other greetings. "Dream of Liang Lu" said that on New Year's Eve, the peach-board spring card of "nailing peach charms and sticking Spring Festival couplets" became more and more popular. In the Ming Dynasty, it was generally replaced by paper products and named as "Spring Paste". Unlike Fu Tao, Spring Festival couplets became an independent custom style of welcoming the spring. According to the records of later generations, it is precisely because of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, that Spring Festival couplets began to be popular among the people and passed down from generation to generation. Chen Zeng, a scholar in Ming Dynasty, recorded: "Spring Festival couplets began in Jinling, the capital city. Don't forget to send a message before New Year's Eve. Whether public or private, Spring Festival couplets should be posted at the door. " Zhu Yuanzhang also traveled incognito and personally checked the implementation. He also wrote his own and gave it to the nearest minister, for example, a couplet for Tao An, a bachelor: "No one in China and North Korea can make a plan alone, and Hanyuan's article comes first". It is also uniform. Spring Festival couplets have become a social fashion, which is popular all over the world. By the Qing Dynasty, the thought and art of Spring Festival couplets had reached a new level, and there were many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, such as "door heart, horizontal criticism, frame pair, bucket weight and spring strips". The door center is stuck in the center above the door panel, and the horizontal batch is stuck in the middle of the crossbar on the lintel, and the frame pair is used on the left and right door frames. There are many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, such as Cut to the chase, Sighing at the sky and so on. After the off-year holiday, thousands of families put up posters, and the breath of the Spring Festival is rich and obvious. For example, the famous folk work "Yanjing Years Old" in the Qing Dynasty once described: "After the kitchen sacrifice, it was gradually posted, and thousands of families took on a new look. Or use James Zhu or use red paper. " At that time, pasting couplets had penetrated into thousands of households and became an indispensable folk custom for the people to welcome in the new year and bid farewell to the old. Since its birth, Spring Festival couplets have absorbed fresh nutrition from the fertile soil of China's poems, and passed down from generation to generation like a wonderful flower that shines alone, maintaining its own distinctive national characteristics. Its most striking feature is that it moves in the opposite direction, which was originally used to ward off evil spirits. "On the first day of the first month, I made a peach symbol for this family and named it Xianmu. All ghosts are afraid of it." According to legend, in Shan Hai Jing, an ancient myth in China, there is a ghost land with a mountain in the middle, a big peach tree covering 3,000 miles, and a golden rooster on the treetop. Whenever the golden rooster crows in the morning, the ghost who travels at night will rush back to the ghost domain. The Gate of Ghost Domain is located in the northeast of Peach Tree District. There are two gods standing by the door, named Shen Tu and Lei Yu. If the ghost does something unnatural at night, Shen Tu and Lei Yu will immediately find it, catch it, tie it up with a rope made of Miscanthus and give it to the tiger. Therefore, all ghosts in the world are afraid of Shen Tu and Lei Yu, so people in China carve their shapes out of peach wood and put them at their doorways to ward off evil spirits and prevent harm. Later, people simply carved the names of Shen Tu and Lei Yu on the mahogany board, thinking that this could also eliminate disasters. This kind of red board was later called "Fu Tao". According to the Book of Rites, the peach symbol is six inches long and three inches wide, and the names of ghosts and gods Shen Tu and Lei Yu are written on the mahogany board. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, some people in the court inscribed couplets on peach symbols. In the Song Dynasty, people began to write couplets on mahogany boards, one for killing evil spirits, the other for expressing good wishes, and the third for decorating the portal for beauty. They also write couplets on red paper symbolizing happiness and auspiciousness, and stick them on both sides of doors and windows during the Spring Festival to express people's good wishes for good luck in the coming year. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, began to promote the custom of posting new Spring Festival couplets to welcome the new year in every household from Nanjing. By the Qing Dynasty, the ideological and artistic quality of Spring Festival couplets had been greatly improved. 2065438+0919128 October, the activity of "I went to Qufu, Confucius' hometown to pay New Year greetings" was officially launched, reappearing the unique flavor of Confucius' hometown. Writing Spring Festival couplets is an essential activity. Confucian Spring Festival couplets are written according to the original version of the Spring Festival couplets in the twenty-fourth year of Qing Qianlong, with strict form and fixed words, and the length, width and posting position of the Spring Festival couplets are also uniformly stipulated. Confucius' Spring Festival couplets praised Confucius' Fu Wei from different angles, reflecting the noble family and extraordinary demeanor of the sage's home. "The financial resources are wide into the affordable housing, and the water is flowing, and the family is happy." A festive couplet inherits Chinese excellent traditional culture and enhances cultural consciousness and self-confidence. For thousands of years, the forms of Spring Festival couplets have been constantly evolving, from writing with brush to printing on colored paper, from the blessings of rural elders to the blessings of urban strangers, and the contents of Spring Festival couplets are also "advancing with the times". However, they will always be treasured in the bones of China people. Legend has it that there is a big peach tree on Dushuo Mountain in the East China Sea. Its trunk twists and turns, stretching for three thousand miles, and its branches extend all the way to the death gate in the northeast. Ghosts living in caves under the gate of hell come in and out of this door every day. There are two gods under the tree: Shen Tu (pronounced Shen Shu) and Lei Yu (pronounced Yu Lv). As long as the two gods find evil spirits that harm people, they will tie them up with a net woven by awn reeds and throw them out to feed the tigers. Since the Zhou Dynasty, on New Year's Day, people have painted the images of two gods or inscribed their names with two red wooden boards six inches long and three inches wide, and hung them on both sides of the gate or bedroom door to ward off evil spirits and pray. This is the symbol of peach. Moreover, ancient people would draw a ghost-eating tiger on their second door, and there was a awn reed rope next to it, which people used to ward off evil spirits and pray. There is also a cloud chicken under the holy tree. According to legend, this cloud chicken wakes up creatures with a crow every morning, and wakes up other cocks at the same time, symbolizing the arrival of the morning. Peach legend peach was originally considered as a plant to ward off evil spirits. According to legend, ancient ancestors were often harassed by monsters, so the Jade Emperor sent two immortals, Shen Tu and Lei Yu, to help Yao Di eliminate disasters, and they were taken to Yiqishan by two mysterious machines to get a mahogany scepter as a winner. The Jade Emperor said, "Yao Jun should keep it, strange wood should avoid it." The Jade Emperor has a special liking for aligning with a redwood, which makes Shencha and Lei Yu use Qiyi redwood as tools. This is because the Jade Emperor has an indissoluble bond with Yiqishan redwood. According to legend, the Jade Emperor personally went out in his early years. He came to earth and walked in Taihang Mountain. Looking at Yiqi Mountain in the distance, I want to visit Yao. I went to Foxiu Valley, met Fohe and discussed with Yao, and sat with them for seven days and seven nights. At the time of parting, the old man gave everyone a magic pill, but the jade emperor's magic pill was special. Back in the city, the more I walked, the more uncomfortable I became, and I immediately lay down. It is very dangerous for the Jade Emperor to lie alone on a hillside deep in Taihang Mountain. At this time, the magic pill sent by the old gentleman on the throne magically turned into a Yushu, protecting the jade emperor from the shadow. It's time for Jaken, a wizard who has been harmful to the Jade Emperor for a long time, to reach out and kill the Jade Emperor. At the critical moment, Yushu turned and whipped, and the witch was beaten three times. The pain was unbearable, and she fled in a hurry, but she didn't run far and fell to the ground and died. The Jade Emperor thought: Yushu protected me and let the evil spirits escape. I want to leave them on earth and protect all the people. The Jade Emperor took Yushu and turned it into a panacea, and then vomited hard. As soon as the panacea was dropped, it became the god of peach trees and the soul of many peach trees. In fact, the old gentleman in Taishang already knew that the evil spirits of the Wu Dynasty were looking for opportunities to hurt the Jade Emperor, so he sent a magic pill to protect him. Seeing that the Jade Emperor cared more about all the people than himself, the old gentleman was deeply moved, so he ordered the servants around him to become skilled craftsmen and make a handful of peach trees into different shapes to ensure everyone's safety. According to Shan Hai Jing, many years ago, there was a ghost land. There is a mountain full of ghosts. There is a big peach tree, covering three thousand miles, with a golden rooster on the top. Whenever a rooster crows in the morning, ghosts who do evil outside at night will rush back to the ghost town. The two brothers, Shen Tu and Lei Yu, are miracles and good at descending ghosts. They strictly restrict the activities of ghosts. They stand under a big tree every year to review all kinds of ghosts. When they see a fierce ghost that is harmful to people, they tie it up with a special "awn reed rope", so that the gods and tigers who eat evil spirits can satisfy their hunger and kill pests for the people. However, Shen Tu and Lei Yu have limited abilities, and they cannot eliminate all evil spirits in the world. It can't guarantee the safety of every household. So the Yellow Emperor announced an order to the whole country that on the eve of the Spring Festival, every household should carve the statues of Shen Tu and Lei Yu with peach handles and hang them in front of the door on New Year's Eve. At the same time, hang a reed rope at the top of the gate and draw a tiger on the second door to avoid the intrusion of monsters. Later, people thought wood carving was troublesome, so they drew two statues directly on the mahogany, engraved with the names of Shen Tu and Lei Yu, and hung them on both sides of the door on New Year's Eve afternoon to ward off evil spirits. This is the original symbol of peach. Related Customs In ancient times, people wrote the names of "Shen Tu" and "Lei Yu" Er Shen on mahogany boards, or drew an image of Er Shen on paper, hung it, inlaid it or pasted it on doors to pray for good luck and eliminate disasters.