Logistics warehousing knowledge

Warehousing management is the management of warehouses and materials in warehouses, and it is the planning, organization, control and coordination process for warehousing institutions to make full use of their warehousing resources and provide efficient warehousing services. Specifically, warehousing management includes acquisition of warehousing resources, warehousing business management, warehousing process management, warehousing operation management, warehousing management, safety management and other related operations. Warehouse management is an economic management science and also involves applied technology science. Therefore, it belongs to the marginal discipline. With the continuous expansion of the role of warehouse management in the social and economic fields, its connotation is constantly changing. Warehouse management, that is, warehouse management. It refers to the management of the warehouse and its inventory items, and the warehouse system is an indispensable subsystem in the enterprise logistics system. The overall goal of logistics system is to provide customers with satisfactory service at the lowest cost, and warehousing system plays an important role in it. Warehousing activities can promote enterprises to improve customer service level and enhance their competitiveness. Modern warehouse management has undergone a fundamental change from static management to dynamic management, which also puts forward higher requirements for the basic work of warehouse management.

Custody principle

1. Keep the course. In order to facilitate the goods to enter and leave the warehouse and move easily in the warehouse, the basic condition is to keep the goods facing the passage. 2. Stack as high as possible to improve storage efficiency. In order to make effective use of the goods in the warehouse, they should be piled as high as possible. In order to prevent damage and ensure safety, storage equipment such as scaffolding should be used as much as possible. 3. Select the location according to the outbound frequency. Goods with high frequency of shipment and purchase should be placed near the entrance and exit, where it is easy to operate; Items with poor liquidity are placed a little far from the entrance and exit; Seasonal items are placed according to their seasonal characteristics. 4. The same variety is put in the same place. In order to improve the operation efficiency and storage efficiency, the same or similar items should be stored in the same place. The familiarity of employees with the storage location of goods in the warehouse directly affects the time of entering and leaving the warehouse. Placing similar items nearby is also an important way to improve efficiency. 5. Arrange the storage location according to the weight of the goods. When tidying up the place, put the heavy items under and the light items on the shelves. Large items that need manual handling shall be subject to waist height. This is an important principle to improve efficiency and ensure safety. 6. Arrange the storage method according to the shape. It is also important to keep the goods according to their shapes. For example, standardized goods should be placed on pallets or shelves. 7. According to the first-in first-out principle. The most important thing to keep is the items that are easily deteriorated, damaged and corrupted; For items whose functions are easily degraded and aged, the turnover should be accelerated as much as possible according to the principle of first-in first-out. Due to the diversification and individualization of commodities, the principle of short service life is very important.

Main activities

Types of enterprise storage activities Enterprises can choose to build their own warehouses, lease public warehouses or use contract warehousing to prepare storage space for inventory materials and commodities. 1) Compared with public * * * warehousing, enterprises can control warehousing to a greater extent and have more flexibility in management. 2) Lease public warehouse for storage. Enterprises usually lease public warehouses that provide warehousing services. 3) Contract warehousing. Contract warehousing companies can provide professional, efficient, economical and accurate delivery services. Enterprises need to consider the following factors: total turnover; The required stability; Market density. General business process of warehousing 1) Sign a warehousing contract. 2) Acceptance of goods. 3) Go through warehousing formalities. 4) Goods storage. 5) Contents of goods warehousing management 1) Ordering and delivery. 2) Inspection during purchase and delivery. 3) Storage and loading and unloading operations in the warehouse. 4) On-site management. 5) stocking operation. The activities of product combination, proper stowage, circulation packaging and grouping in storage are aimed at improving loading and unloading efficiency, making full use of means of transport, and thus reducing transportation expenses. Reasonable and accurate warehousing activities will reduce the replacement and flow of goods, reduce the number of operations, and adopt mechanized and automated warehousing operations, which will help reduce the cost of warehousing operations. Excellent warehousing management can effectively keep and maintain goods and accurately control the quantity, thus greatly reducing the risk of warehousing. Division of labor and specific details of warehouse management: (electronic product processing factory warehouse) 1. Receiving group: the personnel in this block are mainly responsible for counting the number of incoming boxes and checking whether the outer packaging is damaged (if the outer packaging is found to be damaged, immediately notify IQA department to check whether the products in the outer packaging are damaged, if so, immediately return them to the delivery company, and if not, IQA department can stamp the outer box). After all the above are checked and confirmed, you can receive the goods. After receiving the goods from the warehouse, the receiving team will also count the small packages in each box (in the case of a small number of boxes). If the number of cases is large, it will be calculated as 30% of the comparative quantity. After all the above steps are completed, IQA incoming inspection department will be notified, which will conduct inspection. Let's talk about its working steps in detail. Second, IQA, incoming inspection department: they mainly check whether it meets the company's requirements according to a specification sheet (employee work instruction, generally called SIC for each company) when the company asks the supplier to make what specifications this material is. If it does not meet the requirements, it will contact the supplier and ask for a replacement. All incoming materials are OK, and then passed to the next group, the distribution group. (IQA does not belong to the warehouse, but belongs to the quality management department. It is just the need of the procedure, so it is placed in this part of the warehouse and is not under the jurisdiction of the warehouse. 3. Distribution Group: General electronic product processing plants are divided into: 1. Electronic components warehouse: it needs air conditioning, and mainly stores a series of expensive electronic materials such as capacitors, resistors, BGA, ic and so on, which need temperature and humidity. 2. Material warehouse for assembly and packaging: it mainly stores some bulky materials, such as metal shells of electronic products, screws, bulky power cords, and outer packaging cartons shipped to customers. Later, if a customer places an order, the company's production management will calculate the materials needed for each product, and each material needs several distribution orders to the distribution team, and then distribute them to the production line according to the above quantity for production. After the production line is completed, the finished products will be put into storage and received by the finished product team. Fourth, the finished product group: they are mainly responsible for receiving the finished product inventory on the production line and the product inventory shipped to customers. In short, to do a good job in warehouse management, I think the most important thing is to make accounts, goods and cards consistent, that is to say, accounts represent a system software (such as SAP enterprise accounting management software) that manages the daily goods in and out of the company; Everything is the materials and finished products in the warehouse; A card is a kind of card filled in a form, which represents the daily quantity of each material and finished product. So the three should be consistent, otherwise something is wrong. Materials and finished products must also be delivered on a first-in-first-out basis. It means that the materials collected first must be sent to the production line for production, and those materials can be identified as the earliest materials according to the monthly label attached to the material packaging. The same is true of the finished product. The earliest finished product on the production line will be delivered first when there is an invoice.

Logistics is an activity that includes basic functions such as transportation, handling, storage, custody, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution processing and logistics information processing. It is an activity that flows from the supplier to the receiver to meet the social needs, and it is an economic activity.