Historical and cultural materials

First, the major achievements in Chinese history essay material

(1) pre-Qin period: ① Spring and Autumn period, leaving the world recognized the first Halley's comet exact record. The Spring and Autumn Annals" recorded that in 613 BC, "there is a star comet into the Big Dipper", that is, Halley's comet, this record is more than six hundred years earlier than Europe. ② Spring and Autumn period of China's calendar has formed its own fixed system, basically established the principle of 19 years 7 intercalary, which is 160 years earlier than the West. (3) During the Warring States period, the world's earliest astronomical work appeared "Gan Shi Xing Jing", which has a wealth of astronomical records, reflecting the people's understanding of astronomy in that period. (2) the two Han Dynasty: ① Han Wu Di, astronomers formulated the first complete Chinese calendar "Tai Chu Calendar", the beginning of the first month as the first year. ② Western Han records of sunspots, recognized as the world's earliest records of sunspots. ③ During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng made the earliest scientific explanation of lunar eclipses from the different positions of the sun, the moon and the earth. (4) Zhang Heng invented the production of geodesic instruments, can be remotely measured thousands of miles in the direction of accidental earthquakes, more than 1,700 years earlier than in Europe. (3) Sui and Tang dynasties: ① Tang Dynasty astronomer monk line formulated the "Dayan Calendar" more accurately reflect the laws of the sun's orbit, systematic and thorough, indicating the maturity of the ancient Chinese calendar system. ①Sin Gui was also the founder of the world's scientific method of measuring the length of the Earth's meridian. In the actual measurement he realized that the understanding obtained in a small range of limited space, can not be arbitrarily to a large range of even infinite space deduction, which is a great progress in the history of scientific thought in China. (4) Song and Yuan dynasties: ① Northern Song scientist Shen Kuo's outstanding contribution to astronomy, the four seasons, 24 seasons and twelve months completely unified "twelve qi calendar" is more simple, conducive to agricultural arrangements. ② In the early Yuan Dynasty, the Bureau of History was established to prepare a new calendar. ③ Guo Shoujing, an outstanding astronomer of the Yuan Dynasty, put forward the correct idea that "the basis of the calendar lies in the test, and the instrument of the test is not the first instrument", and created nearly 20 astronomical observation instruments, such as the simple meter and the high meter, and presided over the nationwide astronomical survey. ④ Guo Shoujing presided over the compilation of the Calendar of Time, the cycle of which is basically the same as the current calendar, but was introduced 300 years earlier than the current calendar.

Second, what are the materials of Chinese outstanding traditions

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Traditional culture is the evolution of civilization and brought together into a national culture reflecting the qualities and style of the nation, is the national history of a variety of ideological and cultural, conceptual forms of the overall characterization. All over the world, each nation has its own traditional culture.

China's traditional culture is based on Confucianism as the core, as well as Taoism, Buddhism and other cultural forms, including: ancient texts, poems, lyrics, songs, fugues, national music, national theater, opera, painting, calligraphy, couplets, riddles, riddles, wine orders, and hilarious sayings. Culture itself is a rather vague concept.

Generally speaking, culture is a social phenomenon, is a product of people's long-term creation. At the same time, it is a historical phenomenon, is the accumulation of social history.

Broadly speaking, culture is the sum of all the material and spiritual wealth created by human beings. Including both the world view, outlook on life, values and other ideological nature of the part, including natural science traditional culture of Beijing opera and technology, language and writing and other non-ideological part.

To be precise, culture refers to the history, geography, customs, traditions, lifestyles, literature and art, behavioral norms, ways of thinking, values, etc. of a country or nation. [1] Traditional culture of China (traditional culture of China) is a kind of national culture reflecting national qualities and styles gathered by the evolution of Chinese civilization, and it is the general characterization of all kinds of thoughts, cultures and concepts in the history of the nation, and it refers to the culture created by the Chinese nation and its ancestors living in the territory of China and inherited and developed by the Chinese nation for generations, and it has distinctive national characteristics and a long history of development.

It is the crystallization of thousands of years of civilization of the Chinese nation, and in addition to the core content of Confucianism, it also includes other cultural forms, such as Taoist culture, Buddhist culture, and so on. The Hundred Schools of Thought Traditional overview: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, faith, loyalty, filial piety, fraternity, modesty, forgiveness, courage, and letting; qin, chess and books Traditional culture of paper-cutting Painting, the three religions and nine streams, the 360 trades, the four great inventions, folk taboos, loyalty, bamboo, ballads, loess, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the red, the moon.

Agricultural culture: farming families, peasant revolts, hoes. Palace officialdom: palace culture, imperialism.

The Hundred Schools of Thought: Confucianism (Confucius, Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mencius, Xunzi; benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faith; the Mean) Taoism (Laozi, Zhuangzi; morality, inaction, and liberty) Mohism (Mozi, Mozi, Concurrent Love) Legalism (Han Fei, Li Si, Han Fei Zi) Famous Schools (Dang Analytics, Huishi, Gongsun Longzi) Yin-Yang Schools (Zou Yan, the Five Elements, Jin, Mu, Shui-Fu, and Earth) Zong and Heng families (Guigu Zi, Su Qin, Zhang Yi, "Strategies of the Warring States") Miscellaneous families (Lu Buwei) Agricultural families ("Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals") Novelists Soldiers Medical doctors Art Zither: sheng, flute, erhu, guzheng, xiao, drum, guqin, pipa. Jasmine Flower", the top ten traditional culture of the shadow Famous songs ("High Mountains and Flowing Water", "Guangling San", "Pingsha Falling Geese", "Plum Blossoms", "Ambush on Ten Sides", "Sunset xiaojiao Drums", "Fishermen and Woodcutters Q&A", "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia", "Autumn and Moon of the Han Palace", "Yangchun Baixue") Chess: Chinese Chess and Chinese Weiqi, the game, chess, chess pieces, chess boards.

Book: Chinese Calligraphy, Seal Engraving Seal, Four Treasures (Brush, Ink, Inkstone, Xuan paper), Woodblock Watermark, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Zhong Dingwen, Han Dynasty Bamboo Slip, Vertical Wire Binding Book. Paintings: Chinese painting, landscape painting, painting; Dunhuang frescoes; eight steeds, Taiji (Taiji).

Traditional Chinese Zodiac: Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, Pig. Traditional Literature: Tang Poetry, Song Lyrics, Yuan Opera, Ming and Qing Dynasty Novels, Songs, Fugues, The Book of Poetry , The Thirty-Six Stratagems, The Art of War, The Four Great Masterpieces.

Traditional festivals: Lantern Festival, Cold Food Festival, Qingming Festival (ancestor worship), Dragon Boat Festival (dumplings, dragon boat races traditional culture of clothing , Qu Yuan), Mid-Autumn Festival, Chung Yeung Festival (respect for the elderly), Lunar New Year's Day (New Year's Eve, red envelopes, the New Year's Eve, and the Spring Festival (the first day of the first month, New Year's Day, and New Year's Day) as representatives. Chinese Theater: Kunqu, Xiang Opera, Cantonese Opera, Hui Opera, Han Opera, Peking Opera, Shadow Play, Yue Opera, Sichuan Opera, Huangmei Opera; Kunqu Face Painting, Xiang Opera Face Painting, Sichuan Opera Face Painting, Peking Opera Face Painting.

Chinese architecture: the Great Wall, pagodas, gardens, temples, bells, towers, temples, pavilions, wells, stone lions, houses, Qin bricks, Han tiles, terracotta warriors. Chinese Characters and Chinese Language: Chinese characters, Chinese language, couplets, riddles (lantern riddles), hiatus, familiar phrases, idioms, shooting overboard, wine orders, etc.

. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, Huang Di Nei Jing (The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine), Typhoid Miscellaneous Diseases, and Compendium of Materia Medica.

Religion and Philosophy: Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Yin and Yang, Five Elements, Compass, Bagua, Sinan, Fabulous Treasures, Fortune-telling, Zen, Buddhism, Guanyin, Taishang Laojun; Burning Incense, Worshiping the Buddha, Candles. Folk Folk crafts: paper-cutting, kites, Chinese weaving and embroidery (embroidery, etc.), Chinese knots, clay figures and face molding, traditional culture of clothing Dragon and phoenix patterns (taotie, ruyi, lei, huilai, ba), auspicious cloud motifs, phoenix eyes, kilims, cornices, vultures.

Chinese Martial Arts: Southern Fist and Northern Leg, Shaolin Wudang, Neijia and Outsiders, Taiji and Bagua Regional Cultures: Central Plains Culture, Jiangnan Culture, Jiangnan Water Town, Sebei Lingnan, Desert Style, Mongolian Grassland, End of the World, and Central Plains. Folkways and customs: rituals, marriage (bridegroom, moonlady), funeral (filial piety clothes, paper money), sacrifices (ancestor); door god, New Year's paintings, firecrackers, dumplings, lion dance.

Clothes and costumes: Han Chinese dress, deep clothes, 襦裙, Tang clothes (dish-collar robe), Tang scarf (turban), straightjacket (robe), slippers, cloud crawler, thousand-layer bottom, embroidered shoes, the old tiger's head shoes, Vi dress, Russian dress, Hakkasu, Beijing dress, Korean dress, Tibetan dress, Hmong dress, silver (Hmong), cheongsam (Manchu), Mongolian robe, bibs (Manchu), bucket hats, the crown of the Emperor, the queen of the phoenix crown, silk. Others Four elegant plays: birds, flowers, insects and fish, peonies, plum blossoms, osmanthus, lotus, birdcages, bonsai, fighting crickets, carp; animals and plants: dragons, phoenixes, wolves, unicorns, tigers, leopards, cranes, tortoises, giant pandas.

; Plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum: plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum. Pine, cypress.

Ware with: jade (jade pendant, jade carving...) Porcelain, cloisonné, Chinese lacquer, colored pottery, zisha pots, wax Traditional culture.

Third, what are the essay materials of traditional Chinese culture

[Essay materials of traditional culture]

What is loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and righteousness? What is faith, etiquette, wisdom and courage? Nowadays you can only see them by reading street signs on the streets of Taipei. essay material on traditional culture." The anecdote that the "gentleman, minister, father, father, son, and son" way is to be maintained is no longer coming back, and it also cuts off our connection with "loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, and righteousness." Faith, courtesy, wisdom and courage" is at least a common philosophy of survival and basic requirements of all societies, but we have grafted Western values, in the Confucian word shell, the connotation is no longer. The ancients used to regard moral cultivation as the ultimate pursuit of life, but in today's globalized world, personal struggles, happiness, and freedom are more important than morality, and today's children have a lot of other things on their minds. The Four Books and Five Classics Once upon a time, as a scholar, you had to know the Four Books and Five Classics by heart before the age of 15, and almost all of them were "bible worshipers", whose knowledge of the classics is enough to make today's doctoral students in ancient literature despair. January 19, 1912, when the first national *** chief education officer ordered that "the reading of the Bible in primary school was abolished", it was a feat of emancipation; and as a consequence, almost a century later, not many people have answered the question of what is the most important thing about the Bible. Nearly a century later, not many people can answer what the Four Books and Five Classics are. Children are confused about the pillars of ancient China's system of thought, represented by The Great Learning, The Mean, The Analects of Confucius, and The Works of Mencius; The I Ching, The Book of Changes, The Classic of Poetry, The Book of Rites, and The Chronicle of Zuo. Now, Shu Yi has founded a modern private school in Beijing that specializes in teaching the Four Books and Five Classics. The Spirit of Chivalry What is Chivalry? It is "where the road lies, though millions of people I go; where righteousness lies, a thousand gold is scattered without regret; where love lies, worldly rites and laws are like dung; where happiness lies, drinking 300 cups with you"; it is "killing a man at ten steps, not leaving a trail for a thousand miles. After the matter whisks the clothes away, deep hiding body and name. Three cups spit out the promise, the five mountains for light. Even if I die, I will not be ashamed to be a hero in the world." It's Jing Ke, Nie Zheng, Chu Zhi, Li Bai, the floating mother who saved Wu Zixu's life, and the fisherwoman who saved his life. But today they are all scattered in the wind. No longer is there a man who traveled thousands of miles to make a promise to a friend, and no longer is there a woman who said, "I will rest my life, but I will be happy today". Gao Xiaosong wrote this in the text of his "Youth Without Regrets". Since I was a child, I was taught to take care of myself and not to trust others, so how can I be impetuous and heroic? Where is the impetuousness and boldness? Where is the elegant and free spirit? There is no such thing as youth, youth is incomplete youth, and it doesn't matter if you read a lot of Jin Yong Gu Long. A man's responsibility is to his family, to his people, to his country and to his nation, and to the unseen and unknowable social customs. ....... This is a big mountain on the shoulders of the ancients. Today, we have neither the obligation to give to others nor the right to take from others, but only the responsibility for ourselves. The University" said in the beginning of the "ancient desire to make clear virtue in the world" in today's mirror flower water moon, Gu Yanwu's "the rise and fall of the country, the responsibility of the people" in peacetime is more like an empty talk, essay material, "traditional culture of essay material". So we insist on not growing up, reading Japanese comics, listening to Twins, playing PUPA or HelloKitty, wearing wide-legged pants full of pockets, the slogan is "I like it, what can't be"...... aggressive free flooding, so that the sense of responsibility is lost everywhere. The 10-year-olds, who have been exposed to this generation's laissez-faire, infinitely prolonged adolescence, have no idea what a sense of responsibility is all about. Poetry If the children of the 1990s were exposed to the beauty of classical poetry only through Jay Chou's "East Wind Break", isn't it a bit late? There are 42,863 poems in All Tang Poetry, 19,990 poems in All Song Lyrics, more than 900 poems by Li Bai, and more than 6,000 poems by Lu You, and that's just a tiny fraction of the Chinese poems and songs. However, until we graduated from secondary school, we memorized only "small lotus just showed its tip", "February spring breeze like scissors" such a small mood, how to make us love our vast sea of poetry? It is not that classical poetry should be widely used, but its retreat and disappearance from our field of vision is the loss of aesthetic ability of this society. A child who has been nourished from childhood by such rhythms as "picking hibiscus from the river", "curling silk blowing in the courtyard", "picking lamps in a drunken state to look at swords", may not be so numb and indifferent when they grow up. Nowadays, the image of a young and promising person is a young man with a lot of money, high education, high income and high consumption, who knows how to make money and also knows how to spend it, and no longer the kind of Nalan Rongruo, who is proficient in qin, qi, shuqi and painting of the turbulent world of a good son. Adult values are reproduced and even reinforced in the next generation. Learning to play the zither (the piano, not the guzheng) must be examined, chess is not played unless one wants to become a national player like Chang Hao, and calligraphy and painting are regular programs in juvenile palaces for extra points in higher education. ...... That initial elegance has been distorted under the pressure of parents' chicken feather dusters and exams, and no longer maintains its aesthetic shape. Kong Rong Lets the Pear "Why did Kong Rong let the pear go?"" Because the bigger pear is bad." If the old, stubborn, stereotypical Kong Rong had heard this answer from a child today, he would have jumped up and down in his coffin. Yes, traditional moral paradigms are being lost... Children of the 1990s are taught that no laborer should be allowed to eat. They've been in competition almost since they were old enough to know better, and they're Darwinists by nature. Third graders have to attend 40 lessons a week and practice piano for three hours a day, sixth graders do homework until 12:00 at night, and second graders have to compete in math contests, English speech contests, and student council races outside of school. ....... How can he say, "Classmate, I don't want the first place, let me give it to you? No one will appreciate Kong Rong. Only, when the whole society began to agree with the "humility makes people backward" this kind of industrial civilization values, the ancient Chinese that once had the charm of the personality of the warm and gentle as jade, but also annihilated.

Ancient Chinese traditional culture

Chinese traditional culture

Chinese traditional culture of self-improvement, virtue, worrying about the people, virtue, harmony, holding the idea of the current quality of education.

1. The Spirit of Struggle for Self-improvement In order to fight against heaven and earth, the Chinese people have never been willing to admit defeat easily, and they have always been unyielding in their struggle. The Book of Changes summarizes it as "Heaven walks with health, and the gentleman is unceasing in his self-improvement". It is this spirit of self-improvement that supports the development of the Chinese nation and inspires the Chinese people to rise up in difficult times, to advance in adversity, and to never succumb to foreign oppression. Self-improvement is also embodied in the personality traits of self-reliance and self-respect, forming the national spirit of the Chinese people, who emphasize name and honor. As Confucius said, "The three armies can take away the marshal, but a man cannot take away his will." Mencius said: "rich and noble can not be obscene, poor and lowly can not be shifted, the mighty can not be bent, these three is called a great man." This makes people pursue an independent and perfect personality, and this virtue has been passed down to become the spiritual power of people fighting for the country and the nation, and promoting the development of society.

2. The sense of worry about the country and the people is an important part of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation. From Confucius's "poetry can be heart complaints" to Fan Zhongyan's "worry about the world first, after the world's happiness and joy" to Gu Yanwu's "the world's prosperity and demise, the responsibility of all" are branded with this sense of worry. From Yue Fei's "Laughing about drinking the blood of Huns" to Wen Tianxiang's "Leaving the heart of Dan to shine through the sweat of the green", this sense of worry is a kind of patriotic spirit. This sense of worry is a patriotic spirit, reflecting the noble feelings of the world for themselves.

3. A major feature of the traditional culture of the Chinese people is to tolerate all things with the virtue of generosity, i.e., virtue carries things. As in the Warring States period, Duke Huan of Qi created the Jixi Palace of Learning, which brought together Confucianism, Mohammedanism, Taoism, law, yin and yang, the name of the school, zong and heng, etc. At that time, in the Jixi Palace of Learning, lecturing and traveling to the masters of the Jixi Palace of Learning, there are Chunyiqun, Zou Yan, Tian Pian, Mencius, Xunzi and other scholars, so-called "the hundred schools of thought of the scholars". These masters in the Palace of free lectures, free debate, creating a hundred schools of thought in the history of Chinese culture, for the successor to the Chinese culture has made great contributions. It is generally believed that since Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, China has formed a cultural situation in which Confucianism dominates, but in fact, the history of China's cultural development is mainly based on Confucianism and Taoism complementing each other as the basic clue, and this clue itself reflects the cultural compatibility.

V. Traditional Chinese Culture (Textual Information)

The traditional Chinese culture of self-improvement, virtue, concern for the people, virtue, harmony, and the idea of holding the middle, the current quality of education has a reference significance.

1. The spirit of self-improvement

In order to fight against heaven and earth, the Chinese people have never been willing to admit defeat easily, and have always been unyielding in their struggle. It is summarized in Yi Chuan as "The sky is healthy, and the gentleman is unceasing in self-improvement". It is this spirit of self-improvement that supports the development of the Chinese nation and inspires the Chinese people to rise up in difficult times, to advance in adversity, and to never succumb to foreign oppression. Self-improvement is also embodied in the personality traits of self-reliance and self-respect, forming the national spirit of the Chinese people, who emphasize name and honor. As Confucius said, "The three armies can take away the marshal, but a man cannot take away his will." Mencius said: "the rich and powerful can not be obscene, the poor and lowly can not be moved, the mighty can not be bent, this three is called a great man." This makes people pursue an independent and perfect personality, and this virtue has been passed down to become the spiritual power of people fighting for the country and the nation, and promoting the development of society.

2. The sense of worry about the country and the people is an important part of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation. From Confucius's "poetry can be heart complaints" to Fan Zhongyan's "worry about the world first, after the world's happiness and joy" to Gu Yanwu's "the world's prosperity and demise, the responsibility of all" are branded with this sense of worry. From Yue Fei's "Laughing about drinking the blood of Huns" to Wen Tianxiang's "Leaving the heart of Dan to shine through the sweat of the green", this sense of worry is a kind of patriotic spirit. This sense of worry is a patriotic spirit, reflecting the noble feelings of the world for themselves.

3. One of the characteristics of the traditional culture of the Chinese people is to tolerate all things with the virtue of generosity, i.e., virtue carries things. As in the Warring States period, Duke Huan of Qi created the Jixi Palace of Learning, which brought together Confucianism, Mohammedanism, Taoism, law, yin and yang, the name of the school, zong and heng, etc. At that time, in the Jixi Palace of Learning, lecturing and traveling to the masters of the Jixi Palace of Learning, there are Chunyiqun, Zou Yan, Tian Pian, Mencius, Xunzi and other scholars, so-called "the hundred schools of thought of the scholars". These masters in the Palace of free lectures, free debate, creating a hundred schools of thought in the history of Chinese culture, for the successor to the Chinese culture has made great contributions. It is generally believed that since Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, China has formed a cultural situation in which Confucianism dominates, but in fact, the history of China's cultural development is mainly based on the complementarity of Confucianism and Taoism as the basic clue, which itself reflects the compatibility of culture.

4. The Noble Virtue of Transforming People During the Spring and Autumn Period, the great statesman Guan Zhong linked morality to the survival of the country, and raised propriety, justice, honesty and shame to the height of the country's prosperity. Confucius, a great thinker, even interpreted benevolence in terms of propriety, believing that "benevolence" and "propriety" are mutual constraints and unity, and the unity of "benevolence" and "propriety" is virtue. The "virtue" emphasized by Confucius refers to the virtue of command of the ruling class, which is required to rule and own the people. Secondly, it refers to the virtue of probation, i.e., the virtue of ethics, which is used to probate the people and maintain harmony. This idea of virtue was constantly developed and generalized, and was fully embodied in family ethics. This makes our country always put morality in the first place in the process of cultural transmission and education in ancient times. For example, Confucius carried out education with the contents of rituals, music, archery, imperialism, arts, and mathematics, and he put the rituals in the first place, which is a typical reflection of the idea of reverence for morality in the educational activities. The purpose of this idea is to advocate the moralization of people, the use of the role and power of morality to seek harmony in the family ethics, and to seek consistency in the socio-political order and the stability of the entire social order.

5 Harmony Holding in the realm of thought The highest state of traditional Chinese culture is harmony, which is the belief that every thing should develop naturally according to its own laws. This includes the harmony of man and man, the harmony of individual self body and mind and the harmony of man and nature. Harmony between man and man will promote social stability and family harmony; personal body and mind harmony will enable people to do things without fear, in and out of a well-founded; harmony between man and nature will be able to benefit each other, sustainable development. The ultimate goal of Confucianism's "cultivating one's moral character, harmonizing one's family, ruling the country, and pacifying the world" is to achieve the first kind of harmony, while Buddhism and Taoism focus on the latter two kinds of harmony. Taoism's idea of "the law of nature" is particularly useful for us today to learn how to correctly deal with the relationship between human beings and nature, and to protect the environment. Traditional Chinese culture also believes that in order to achieve the above three kinds of harmony, it is necessary to adhere to the "middle" way, that is, to do things to stop, just right, against the extremes.

Here is also

://info-collect/post/culture.

6.

The Science of Doctrine

The Science of Examination

- Taoism

Laozi's Philosophy

Zhuangzi's Philosophy

Early Taoism

Taoism during the period of the Wei-Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties

Taoism at its peak

Neo-Taoism during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties

Decline of Taoism

- Chinese Buddhism

Doctrines

History

Sectarianism

Extra-sectarianism

Rituals

Tibetan Buddhism

- Poetry and Lyrics

Pre-Qin Poetry

The Two Han Dynasties and the Wei and Jin Dynasties

North and South Dynasties

Tang Poetry

Song Poetry

Song Poetry

Yuan, Ming, and Qing Poetry

Lyrics

Songs

- Essays

Prose

Eroticism

Rhetoric

- Chapters of the Novel

Formation and Evolution

Genres and Masterpieces

Ethnic Styles

- Seal Carving and Calligraphy

Pre-Qin Calligraphy

Qin and Han Calligraphy

Wei, Jin and North and South Dynasties Calligraphy

Sui and Tang Calligraphy

Five Dynasties and Two Songs Calligraphy

Yuan and Ming Calligraphy

Qing Calligraphy

Calligraphy Theory and Appreciation

Seal Sculpture

-Chinese Paintings

Teaching and Educating the Humanity -Figure Painting

Landscape Painting

The Spirit of Birds and Flowers

The Gate of Mystery Traditional Music

Folk Songs

Musical Instruments and Instrumental Music

Dance Music

Curricular Music

Opera Music

Musical Theory, Musical Records, and Musical Rhythm

- Ancient Dance

Primordial Dance

Zhou Dynasty Music and Dance

Hundreds of Operas of the Qin Dynasty

Soi and Tang Music and Dance

Song Dynasty Team Dance

Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dance

- Classical Opera

Origin and Formation of Opera

Song and Yuan Southern Opera

Yuan Miscellaneous Opera

Ming and Qing Legends

Qing Dynasty Local Opera

Beijing Opera

Traditional Theory of Opera

VII. Traditional Chinese Culture

In the long river of human history, the ancestors of the Chinese nation have created a glorious culture with labor and wisdom. Chinese culture, with its long history and continuity, has been affecting life today. Inheriting and promoting traditional Chinese culture is an objective requirement for uniting the strength of the Chinese nation and a practical need for building a socialist material and spiritual civilization with Chinese characteristics. It is an honorable task for Chinese scholars to comprehensively and systematically excavate, organize and introduce Chinese traditional culture. Chinese traditional culture has a distinctive wholeness, and various forms of culture are interconnected and mutually influential. It is only on the basis of a more comprehensive understanding of the various forms of Chinese culture that it is possible to gain a deeper understanding of its overall characteristics and substance. In fact, a holistic grasp of culture is itself one of the basic spirits of traditional Chinese culture. Many outstanding figures in Chinese history are cultural masters who have made important contributions in many fields. The "adult" that world-class cultural master Confucius respected and pursued was not only a man of noble moral character, broad knowledge and profound wisdom, but also a man with excellent written expression, political management experience, and skills in art, sports, military and other areas. Confucius himself was such a great man of all-round development and versatility. As an outstanding educator, thinker, statesman, historian, and writer, Confucius had very subtle insights into artistic fields such as music, skills such as archery, and even principles of cooking and dress. The comprehensive pursuit of culture by the outstanding figures of ancient China has inspired the author of this book to integrate the knowledge of different disciplines into one book.

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