Guizhou ethnic customs

Guizhou province is a multi-ethnic province. There are more than 32 million hardworking and simple people of all ethnic groups living in this land, among which Miao, Buyi, Dong, Yi, Gelao, Tujia, Shui, Hui, Zhuang, Yao and other ethnic minorities account for more than a quarter of the province's population. Guizhou is also the place where Yelang transits. In history, the ancient Yelang people, like those in Bashu, Dali, Yunnan and South Vietnam, have a long and glorious history. There are peculiar national festivals, intoxicating wine culture, pleasing batik and embroidery, beautiful bronze drums and lusheng, rough Miao and Dong dances, mysterious stage and dancing to the gods. The spoony moon jumps and the roaring waves. Guizhou, ................................................................................................................. is a beautiful folk tourism destination with beautiful mountains and waters. On this red clay plateau, you can happily wander in the mountains and rivers of Guizhou Province and enjoy the simple folk customs.

Guizhou is the province with the largest Miao population, and 60% of the Miao population in China lives in Guizhou Province. Miao people are the most widely distributed in the province, and almost all counties and cities have villages where Miao people live together. Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture is the most concentrated area of Miao nationality. In addition, Qiannan, Qianxinan, Songtao and Weining Autonomous Counties also have a certain number of Miao population distribution.

The ethnic origin of Miao nationality is very old, and it is called [Meng], [Mo], [Mao], [Mao], [Bear] and so on because of its different geographical distribution.

Miao nationality has its own language, belonging to the Miao branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. There were no words in the past, but Miao Wen was newly created after 1949.

Miao people like to live in groups and form villages of different sizes. Many villages are built by mountains, some near the foot of the mountain, some on the mountainside, and some near the top of the mountain. Houses are mainly wooden structures, most of which are two floors. Some have three floors. On the mountainside, most of them are diaojiaolou style.

The costumes of Miao people are very different. Generally speaking, male animals wear headscarves, collarless, big sleeves and wide pants, and wear a belt around their legs in winter. A woman wears a bun, headscarf, bracelet, earrings, collar and skirt on her head. Most skirts are pleated skirts. Due to different living areas, skirts vary in length, and the colors are mainly blue and blue, as well as other colors. Generally, there is no need to button the coat, most of them are tied with flowers.

Miao people worship their ancestors, believe in ghosts and gods, and some believe in other religions. The main festivals are: Miao Year, Chinese New Year Festival, April 8th, Lusheng Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and so on.

Cloth (BY)

Buyi nationality is another major ethnic group in Guizhou, and its number is second only to Miao nationality. Most Buyi people in China live in Guizhou, especially in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, as well as Anshun, Tongren, Zunyi, Bijie, Liupanshui and Guiyang.

Buyi ancestors were a branch of Guyue people, later called "Modern People", and were called "Zhongmiao", "Zhong Qing" or "China-Canada" in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. According to historical records, the ancestors of Buyi nationality were called "sheep nationality", and Buyi nationality was one of the main ethnic groups in Yelang culture. Buyi people have their own language, belonging to the Dai branch of the Dong language family in Tibet, and have no writing. Buyi language was created after 1949.

Buyi people live by mountains and rivers, and families with single-family houses are rare. They like to live in a building, usually three floors. Raising livestock on the ground floor and stacking farm tools and sundries; People live on the second floor and food is stored on the third floor. In some areas, houses with hanging feet still live. Buyi clothing, male style is simple, roughly the same as Han nationality; Women have strong national characteristics, most of them wear pants and some wear skirts. I like batik. I have lace on my collar, shoulders, lapels, sleeves and hem. Different areas have different clothes. Baotou handkerchiefs, girdles, and women like silver ornaments.

Buyi people believe in God and especially worship their ancestors. Some still believe in foreign teachers. There are many festivals, such as June 6th, March 3rd and April 8th, new festivals and Angang Cave.

Dong

Originated from the ancient Baiyue nationality, during the Qin and Han Dynasties, Baiyue Xiou was a branch of Shui Yuan, a tributary of the Yangtze River, adjacent to Guizhou, and distributed in Liping, Congjiang, Rongjiang, Tianzhu, Jinping, Sansui, Zhenyuan, Jianhe, Yuping and other places in Guizhou.

Dong people have their own language, belonging to the Dong Shui branch of the Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Dong people have no written language, and Chinese is widely used. After 1949, Dong language with Latin alphabet pinyin was founded. At present, Chinese is still used as a communication tool.

Most Dong people live by mountains and rivers, and the bridges are built on streams, among which the "Wind and Rain Bridge" (Flower Bridge) is the most important. There is a pagoda-shaped "Drum Tower" in the village, which is a characteristic building of the Dong people. Where there are drum towers and wind and rain bridges, it is the Dong people's settlement. Dong people's houses are generally wooden veranda-style pole-column buildings, with people living upstairs and livestock surrounded downstairs. Most people who live in Pingba live downstairs, and livestock live in another circle.

Dong people's clothing is different between men and women. Men's wear is the same as Hanfu, while women's wear varies from region to region. In rural areas, women wear blue pleated skirts; Leggings Hooks are worn in some places. Wear a right-handed collarless shirt in winter and spring, and change cardigan in summer and autumn, depending on your mind. The first course, wrapped in green cloth, likes silverware.

Dong people worship their ancestors and the goddesses "Grandma" and "Sa Sui". The main programs include celebrating the Dong Year and eating New Year's Eve dinner.

Sui

Shui people, like Buyi and Dong people, are all branches of Guyue people. They have moved back with the Dong people many times and now live in the border areas of Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi. In Guizhou, they mainly live in the south of Miao Ling and the upper reaches of Duliujiang River, with a population of more than 322,000. Sandu is the only autonomous county of Shui nationality in China, and the rest are scattered in Libo, Dushan, Duyun, Rongjiang and Congjiang.

Shui nationality has its own language, belonging to the Dong Shui branch of Zhuang Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. There is an ancient Chinese character called "ink painting", which is used by ghost teachers for divination. People don't know it and don't use it. Ordinary China people.

Shui people live in many ethnic groups, and most members of the same village are related by blood. Aquarium costumes, both men and women like to wear blue and blue clothes. Women wear wide-sleeved collarless tunics, empty trousers, a green cloth waist, lace shoulders and trouser legs, and embroidered shoes with upturned noses. Wear earrings, collars, bracelets, etc During the holidays. Men's Baotou, clothing similar to Korea.

Shui people believe in ghosts and gods with many names. Festivals are mainly "Duanjie" and "Mao Jie".

Yi ethnic group

Known as "Luoluo" in history, it is also a nation with a long history and a branch of the ancient Qiang nationality. The population of Yi people in Guizhou is about 707,400, mainly distributed in Weining, Hezhang, Bijie, Dafang, Qianxi, Nayong, Zhijin, Jinsha, Liupanshui and other counties and cities in the west.

Yi people have their own language and writing. Yi language belongs to the Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family and has played an important role in history.

Yi costumes, men wear black narrow sleeves, oblique shirts and pleated wide-leg pants. A woman usually wears a bun on her head and a belt around her waist. Yi people believe in ghosts and gods and worship their ancestors. The main festivals are Torch Festival, Harvest Festival and Mountain God Festival.

As early as 2,000 years ago, Tujia ancestors flourished in Xiangxi, Guizhou and other places, and gradually formed a single nation, living together with the Han nationality and other ethnic minorities. Tujia people in Guizhou are distributed in Yinjiang and Yanhe counties.

Tujia nationality has its own language and belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. The vast majority speak Chinese. They don't have their own words, they use Chinese.

Tujia people live by mountains and rivers, and like to plant fruits, trees and flowers in front of and behind their houses. Most natural villages share the same surname and clan, one family and one house. There are diaojiao buildings and ordinary bungalows with different styles.

Tujia costumes are different between men and women. Women wear a long fat skirt with left lapels and rolled lace, long short sleeves, no collar and waist, lace pants, pointed flower shoes, white headscarf and silver ornaments. Men wear cardigans with collars and right lapels. Young people like double-breasted shirts with many buttons, blue trousers, white belts, shorts and legs, and white handkerchiefs or flower handkerchiefs on their heads. Tujia people worship ancestors and believe in ghosts and gods. The main festivals are Spring Festival, April 8th, Dragon Boat Festival, June 6th, Chongyang and so on.

Gelao (GL)

Most of the oldest aborigines in Guizhou Province live in this province and call themselves "aborigines" in Guizhou. The population is about 50,000 people, scattered in southwest Guizhou and north Guizhou.

Gelao nationality has its own language, belonging to Sino-Tibetan language family. Many people can speak Chinese, Miao language, Buyi language and so on. No words, ordinary Chinese.

The costumes of the Gelao nationality are basically the same as those of the Han nationality and the surrounding ethnic minorities. The main festivals are Spring Festival, Chinese New Year Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Mid-Autumn Festival and June 6th.

Other races

The rest of Yao, Hui and Zhuang are scattered in Guizhou. Yao people are scattered in Libo and Dushan in southern Guizhou and Liping, Congjiang and Rongjiang in southeastern Guizhou. Hui Guizhou is concentrated in Weining area. Zhuang people are mainly scattered at the junction of Guizhou and Guangxi.