What is the embodiment of Goncharov Thought? What are the four stages of the development of Russian painting?

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I believe many people don't know who Goncharov is, so I'll give you a brief introduction first. Goncharov was born in a Russian family of semi-landlords and semi-businessmen. He is a critical realist writer who can't be ignored in the history of Russian literature. Most of his works reflect the social reality of Russia at that time. So what works did he have during the enlightenment of Russian thought? There was the rise of literature at that time. What other arts have appeared?

Goncharov published his first novel "Ordinary Story" on 1847. He started writing in 1848 and finished Oberov in 1859. These two works have a profound color of recording reality, and both describe a series of changes in the life and urban background of the rural landlord class after entering the city during the rise of Russian capitalism from the early to the middle of the 9 th century. "Ordinary Story" describes the story of a young landlord named Alexander, who is addicted to romanticism, how to change himself, give up his fantasy and become a cold industrialist after arriving in Petersburg. On the other hand, Obomolov described an educated landlord who lived in Petersburg. Obomolov lay groggy in bed all day and lived a carefree life. Although the arrival of love can make him refreshed, he has no courage to stick to it. Finally, he can only marry a slave landlady and die of a stroke in a daze.

The protagonists in the two works come from the same background, but the way forward is completely different, forming a sharp contrast. Goncharov believes that the formation of personality is closely related to the times and social environment in which the characters live. The deeper the environment of personality formation is revealed, the more distinctive the personality characteristics are and the greater the typical significance is. Therefore, the writer introduces Aubrey Lomov's hometown and Aubrey Lomov's childhood and life experiences by inserting Aubrey Lomov's Dream in the first novel, thus revealing the formation process of Aubrey Lomov's personality. Goncharov's contemporary famous literary critic and political theorist Dobro Lyubov summed up the characteristics of this image in Aubrey Love's Character. "If I see a landlord talking about human strength and the necessity of development now, I will know from his first few words that this is Aubrey Love. If I meet an official who complains about the messy and trivial handling of official documents, he is Aubrey Lomov.

If I hear an officer complaining that the military parade is exhausting, it's no use criticizing bold walking. I have no doubt that he is Aubrey Love. If I read free thoughts against fraud in a magazine, I will be happy, because what we hope and have been waiting for has finally come true, and I think it all comes from Aubrey Love. When I was among a group of educated people who showed deep sympathy for human suffering and have been talking indignantly about corruption, bribery, bullying the city and all kinds of old problems (and sometimes new cases), I couldn't help but feel that I came to the old Mr. Lowka. ..... You can't get anything else from them, because they are branded with Aubrey Love's character. "

He praised: "The most powerful aspect of Goncharov's talent is that he is good at grasping the complete image of the object, refining and shaping this image." Pisarev, a contemporary literary critic and political theorist, said: "The Goncharov Thought embodied in the novel belongs to all times and people, but in our time, it is of special significance to Russian society. The author focuses on this lifeless and harmful influence, which makes people's thoughts depressed and relaxed, gradually corrodes the soul and binds people's rational activities and feelings. ... This is what Goncharov called Aubrey Love's character; This is a disease, and the natural conditions of Slavs and our social life have promoted its development. " The appearance of "Oblomomos" shows that the roles of social elites and advanced elements in the social and political fields have been given way by aristocratic intellectuals to civilian intellectuals, and the image of "redundant people" in the literary field has also been replaced by the image of "newcomers" who herald a new era.

The development of Russian painting has mainly experienced four stages; The first stage is the ancient Ross period (before Peter I1217th century), that is, the period from the formation of the auxiliary principality to the reform of Peter the Great, which is the transplantation period of Byzantine culture in the early feudal society of Russia. The second stage is the whole18th century from Peter the Great to the reign of Queen Catherine, which is the Europeanization period of Russian reform. Russian culture developed rapidly under the influence of Italian and French classical art, and Russian art began to integrate into the process of European literature development. Classicism, popular in Europe, was also imitated and imitated in Russia at this time. The painting style of this school is a typical imperial school.

At that time, with the full implementation of social reform of Peter the Great, many talented young Russian painters were sent abroad to study painting. After returning to China, they became the backbone of Russian painting in the18th century. During the period of Catherine II, classical college paintings imported from Europe took root and grew on Russian soil. In the process of development, they constantly draw nutrition from Russian traditional culture and real life, and gradually form Russian oil paintings with local characteristics. Among them, the portrait of secular figures is a major school of Russian oil painting art in the18th century, which has made great achievements. Painters are mostly nobles such as tsars and court dignitaries.

The third stage is the brief introduction of Goncharov in the first half of the 9th century, which is the period when Russian national art was laid. Founded in the middle of18th century, the Petersburg Academy of Fine Arts has gradually trained a number of national artists in more than half a century. They breathe the national air and absorb the nutrients of national culture, and literature and art with Russian characteristics begin to emerge on the world stage. The fourth stage is from the middle of19th century to the beginning of 20th century, that is, from critical realism to the emergence of new schools with elements of * * * and aestheticism, among which critical realism is the most brilliant.

It can be seen that the period of Russian culture is not only the most brilliant period of Russian literature, but also the most brilliant moment of painting. The development of painting art promoted the process that Russian art began to integrate into the development of European literature and art, and also formed an art with its own characteristics in Russia.

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