How to carry out rehabilitation training for sports injuries

How to carry out rehabilitation training for sports injuries

Do you know how to recover from sports injuries? The problem of sports injury can not be ignored. Excessive sports injury may bring irreversible harm to the body. I collected and sorted out the relevant information on how to recover from sports injuries for everyone. Let's have a look.

How to recover from sports injury 1 Generally speaking, four aspects should be paid attention to after knee joint injury:

1, try to keep the whole body training and training in the uninjured position. (Upper limb injury can train lower limbs) to prevent the decline of training level, function and health.

2. For the injured position, scientifically arrange the training content and part of the load according to the injury. Pay attention to the simple and some viewpoints when allocating. In the initial stage of subacute injury, the injured area can be temporarily inactive to promote the dissipation of acute symptoms. Effective post-injury training is most suitable for people with diffuse injury and muscle strain.

3. Improving functional training, such as improving the energy of muscles related to the injured part and joint function training, is the key content of post-injury training. Its purpose depends on the development trend, the ability of muscles around the injured part to work under pressure, improve the adaptability of tissue structure and repair all normal functions of joints and muscles.

4. Improve the post-injury supervision of medical staff. Do enough warm-up exercises before each training, apply maintenance belts (such as knee pads, ankle pads, waist pads and wrist pads) on the injured parts, or fix them with adhesive tape and gauze to improve the firmness of the injured parts and avoid being injured again. Generally, it takes more than a month for an injured position to fully recover. Well, after ten days, the appropriate belt can be removed for fitness exercise. If you don't have the personal experience of technical professional fitness exercise, the repair time will be longer, and you can assign yourself a safe and effective exercise plan according to the above standards.

What I will introduce to you in detail is the reasonable solution after knee joint injury. Many people lack a certain understanding of physical training, health care and first aid measures after knee joint injury, which leads to unnecessary injuries to the wounded. After mastering the above detailed introduction, everyone can understand how to deal with knee joint injury.

How to recover from sports injuries 2 Let's take a look at some common sports injuries.

I. Achilles tendon rupture

Xiao Zhang is 23 years old and likes sports very much. On this day, when playing badminton, I made a strong smash and I jumped high. When I landed, I suddenly felt a sharp pain in my left heel, as if I had been kicked, limping and swollen. He hurried to the nearby hospital for emergency treatment. The doctor X-rayed him and told him that there was nothing wrong with his bones. He was given some drugs to relieve swelling and pain, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and let him go home and rest. More than four months have passed, and the swelling and pain in the left heel has basically subsided, but I still limp and have no strength, let alone run and jump. Xiao Zhang feels very puzzled. As the saying goes, "it hurts the bones for a hundred days", but after such a long time, he still hasn't recovered. What's going on here?

So Xiao Zhang went to a special sports medicine clinic. After a detailed examination, the doctor told him that the Achilles tendon was broken. Xiao Zhang was very nervous when he heard it, for fear that his leg would be ruined in the future. Through careful inquiry, Xiao Zhang learned that Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the human body, which is located under the posterior side of the calf and is the structure connecting the triceps brachii and calcaneus. When the triceps of the calf contracts, the foot can flex and stretch by stretching the achilles tendon. When the foot bends back strongly, the achilles tendon will break. Achilles tendon rupture is more common in young people who like sports, and it is very easy to get injured in jumping events such as tennis and badminton. After achilles tendon rupture, there will be pain, swelling, leg weakness, inability to walk normally, and inability to stand on one leg. It has a great influence on the daily life of the injured.

The doctor told Xiao Zhang that the achilles tendon is broken, and if it is not treated by surgery in time, the broken end will often form a scar connection. This kind of achilles tendon has poor function and is easy to break again. Therefore, it is suggested that Xiao Zhang repair the achilles tendon immediately. "I don't know how the operation effect? Isn't such an operation terrible? " Xiao Zhang is still worried. The doctor told Xiao Zhang that the success rate of achilles tendon repair is still very high, and he can return to the sports field six months after surgery. For example, Zhao Hongbo, a famous figure skater, participated in the Winter Olympics in Turin six months after her achilles tendon was repaired, and achieved excellent results. The whole operation takes about one hour, and the whole operation is carried out under anesthesia, and the patient will not have any pain. One week after the operation, the patient can leave the hospital and go home.

After listening to the doctor's advice, Xiao Zhang was hospitalized immediately and had an Achilles tendon repair operation. After the operation, a series of routine rehabilitation exercises were carried out under the guidance of doctors. Half a year later, everyone on the badminton court once again saw Xiao Zhang's lithe figure.

Second, the anterior cruciate ligament injury of knee joint

Xiao Wang, a freshman. Once playing basketball, I accidentally sprained my knee, swollen for five or six days, and iced for a few days. It didn't get better, so I had to go to the hospital for examination. The doctor took a picture of him and saw that the bone was not broken, so he could go by himself. He thinks there is nothing wrong. Tell him that he will be fine after a few days' rest. Although the swelling subsided after two weeks, after that, Xiao Wang always felt loose joints. Although he can cope in daily life, he never dares to turn around quickly and take part in basketball games. He is always afraid of dislocating his knee, as if he would fall off as soon as he ran. This situation dragged on for more than a year, during which experts from several large hospitals were found. They have always thought that there is no problem, and comforted themselves with "a hundred days of injury." Until one day, he felt that his knee seemed to be stuck by something and could not bend. He is very anxious. Introduced by an acquaintance, he went to the sports medicine department of Huashan Hospital for examination. He was diagnosed with anterior cruciate ligament rupture with medial meniscus tear and osteochondritis exfoliative. The sports trauma doctor gave him ligament reconstruction and cartilage repair under arthroscopic minimally invasive technology, which quickly solved the problem. However, due to the irrecoverable cartilage injury, Xiao Wang's knee joint has left irreparable sequelae.

This is typical of many cases. Although there is no fracture, the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint is broken, which leads to joint looseness and instability. Due to missed diagnosis and delayed treatment, articular cartilage and meniscus injuries are secondary.

Our knee joint consists of three parts: thigh and femur, calf and tibia, and anterior patella. However, what is more important is the articular cartilage covering the surface of these bones, the semilunar cartilage filled between the tibia and femur, and the soft tissues connecting these bones, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and synovium. These soft tissues are very important for the flexibility and stability of the knee joint, and joint injuries are often caused by these soft tissues. X-ray can detect whether bones are broken or damaged, but it can't detect soft tissue damage. Xiao Wang pulled a ligament because of playing ball. First of all, he missed the diagnosis because of the doctor's inexperience, which delayed him for more than a year. His knee was unstable, he walked with injury, and his joints were repeatedly rubbed and torn, which led to meniscus injury and osteochondritis exfoliative, which caused irreparable damage to his knee. Even if the operation is successful, the damage of articular cartilage is irreversible and can only be removed, which will greatly accelerate the onset of osteoarthritis. It may be necessary to do several major osteotomy or artificial joint replacement in the future, which is more expensive and can't be exercised any more. After several joint replacements, bones become more brittle, joints become useless, and serious patients can only lie in bed.

Third, habitual dislocation of shoulder joint.

Let's look at an example of shoulder joint injury in sports medicine ward. The patient is a middle school student, 16 years old. He once wrestled with his classmates and accidentally dropped his shoulder. At that time, the doctor in the school hospital was reset, but he was released without serious fixation. He didn't pay attention to rest himself, and later he became a habitual dislocated shoulder. According to his own description, from the first dislocation to the present, it has been dislocated more than ten times in less than one year. You can take off heavy things, you can take off a bucket of water, and you can take off your arm on the bus. It's been hanging even more recently, and my arm fell off when I was dressing. He is afraid to take part in any sports, and his psychological obstacles are getting heavier and heavier. Before coming to the hospital, he felt like a robot, which could be disassembled at any time, and his heart was full of fear.

This is the habitual dislocation of the shoulder joint, and it is also the result of tearing of the articular capsule ligament and glenoid cartilage.

The arthroscopic surgeon of sports medicine in Huashan Hospital used the latest arthroscopic minimally invasive technology to insert three titanium alloy rivets with stitches only the size of rice grains into the bone in front of his sick glenoid, and carefully sutured the ruptured joint capsule. It is said that each rivet can bear 50 kilograms of tension. Because of such a strong suture, he began to exercise shoulder joint mobility on the third day after surgery, avoiding the secondary scapulohumeral periarthritis caused by shoulder joint braking after traditional surgery. After three weeks, his arm can move freely without worrying about dislocation. The occurrence of habitual dislocation is closely related to the treatment of the first injury. If you just reset without effective fixation and rest, the joint injury will not be fully recovered, and it is likely to develop into habitual dislocation in the future, which will bring great inconvenience to study and life.

Fourth, the ankle joint is repeatedly sprained.

Repeated sprain of ankle joint must be paid attention to, which usually means that one part of the lateral collateral ligament of ankle joint has been broken. Generally speaking, an adult generally weighs less than 200 Jin, and is about 100 Jin thin. If we ignore the impact force caused by exercise, this 100 kg is all on the ankle, which is already a great burden on the ankle. If an ankle sprain is caused during exercise, the force on the structure around the ankle should be 3-5 times the weight. When a woman sprains her foot in high heels, the lateral collateral ligament of her ankle will be pulled first, and it is very likely that the lateral collateral ligament will tear. In most cases, patients often ignore the importance of ligament injury, and the ligament heals itself after several weeks of immobilization in an elongated position. Therefore, some patients with sprained ankles will leave the sequelae of repeated sprains from now on.

Sports medicine majors often encounter this situation, and they fall down the stairs without standing firm. Because they are near the finish line, they didn't fall badly, but their feet twisted badly. Mrs. Tan and her son are playing hide-and-seek in the park. Because they ran a little faster, they twisted their feet on the gravel road, and they were too painful to walk. So Mr. Tan's family of three had to go directly to the hospital from the park. When Ms. Liu got off the bus, the driver's master was a little anxious. She started before she fell. She panicked and stepped on the ground. At that time, she was in pain and didn't stand up for a while. Coincidentally, all three patients wore high heels and went to the hospital for examination. They all have torn lateral collateral ligament of ankle joint, one is fixed with plaster, and the other two are waiting for ligament reconstruction. Fortunately, these three people arrived at the hospital in time. If you treat yourself as a doctor first and think that you can cure it with a plaster, then the problem is serious. Because if the ankle joint injury is not handled properly in the early stage, the ligament is excessively slack and the joint is unstable, it will be sprained repeatedly, and finally the cartilage will be damaged, resulting in arthritis. It is inconvenient to walk if it is serious.

The treatment of repeated ankle sprains varies according to the severity of the disease. Mild repeated sprain of ankle refers to patients with ankle joint injury for the first time not exceeding half a year, repeated sprain not exceeding twice, and no cartilage injury of ankle joint. These patients can be treated by self-rehabilitation exercise. Its purpose is to increase joint stability by exercising lateral muscle strength. The specific method is to press the outside of the foot against the wall or hard object, and forcibly evert the ankle joint to feel the muscle strength of the outside of the calf. Relax after 5 seconds 10 seconds. Cycle exercises, 20 times in each group, 2 groups a day. You can also wear a professional ankle strap to enhance the joint stability during normal exercise.

For patients who are ineffective in conservative treatment, surgery is needed. Surgical treatment consists of two parts:

1. Clean the inside of ankle joint through arthroscopic minimally invasive surgery, remove hyperplastic synovium and damaged cartilage fragments, and relieve intra-articular symptoms.

2. Rebuild the stability of ankle joint. There are two surgical methods to choose from. For professional athletes or patients who need to participate in competitive sports in the future, peroneal short tendon transplantation can be used instead of ligament surgery, which can rebuild the lateral stability of ankle joint very firmly, but the trauma is great; For most patients, it is enough to choose the modified Brostrum operation to tighten the loose ligament. This operation is minimally invasive and can restore the normal stability of the ankle joint.