The historical and cultural origins of the four major Chinese medicines

Historical and cultural origins of the four major medicines

Jiaozuo region has a history of nearly 3,000 years of cultivation of yam, dihuang, chrysanthemum, and hyssop, which were under the jurisdiction of the Huaiqing Prefecture in the ancient times of Jiaozuo, and so they are known as the Four Great Medicines of Huaiqing. The four Huaiyao medicines?

The people of Jiaozuo region have a tradition of planting, processing and eating the four major medicines, and through continuous production and practice, this cultural tradition has continued for thousands of years. According to expert evidence, the four major Huaiyao medicines were domesticated from wild species in the Taihang Mountains north of Jiaozuo, and in the area of Laojunwa on Shennong Mountain in Qinyang, the names of natural places such as Yam Gully, Dihuang Slope, Niuhua Chuan, and Chrysanthemum Ridge are preserved to this day. Historical data show that since 734 BC feudal lords Wei Huan Gong to Huai yam as tribute to the Zhou royal family, until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the four major Huai medicine has been as tribute to the successive dynasties.

Jiaozuo is located in the alluvial plain of the Huangqin River, which is blessed with natural conditions and a long history of cultivation and processing, so that the four major medicines of Huaiyao have formed a unique appearance and texture. For thousands of years, the four major Huaiyao medicines have been famous at home and abroad for their unique medicinal effects and tonic effects, which have been highly evaluated in traditional Chinese medicine texts. The Compendium of Materia Medica recorded: ? Nowadays, people only take Huaiqing Di Huang as the top. The Divine Husbandman's Classic of the Materia Medica also contains:? The yam to Henan Huaiqing is good. Song "Tu Jing Ben Cao" contains:? The cow's knee is born in the valley of Hanoi. Nowadays, there are also some in Jianghuai, Fujian, Guangdong and Guanzhong, but they are not as good as those in Huaizhou. Song Dynasty medical doctor Su Song said:? Chrysanthemums are found everywhere, and Qindi is the best. In the "theory of typhoid fever", "the Golden Chamber" of the formula, Huai Di Huang a drug **** see 14 places.

History, Qin Yang Chengguan Hao Oh Preah village (now Shui Beiguan village)? The main road of the temple? The backyard of the yellow cross-section produced by the? Chrysanthemum heart? The person is the authentic medicinal herbs. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, all Huaiyao medicine merchants around the country hung the "Dajiaodaoji Di Huang" (地黄) in the backyard. Da Dao Temple Huangdi? Signboard, to show authenticity. And Huai yam to Qinyang City, mountain Wangzhuang town of Dalang Zhai temple produced after the quality of the best, where the yam sold around the world must be labeled? Huai Lang? The word, successive dynasties of the court levy tribute to Huai medicine, are named to Dalang Zhai produced? The first time I saw this, it was a very good thing that I was able to see it.

1914, held in San Francisco, the United States? The world's commodities exposition? National Treasure Drugs The four major Chinese medicines are listed among them. In the state published in the list of local herbs, the four Huaiyao ranked Henan local herbs first. 2006 December, sponsored by the China Food and Culinary Association of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games recommended recipes for the exhibition of dishes, Jiaozuo's four Huaiyao was selected as the 2008 Olympic Games recipes.

The traditional cultivation and concoction of the four major Huaiyao medicines

Since the Zhou Dynasty, with the production practice of successive generations of farmers, the four major Huaiyao medicines have been continuously improving in quality, the concoction process is becoming more and more perfect, and the planting area and production are getting bigger and bigger, and by the end of the Qing Dynasty, the planting area of Huaiyao yam alone reached 900 hectares, with a total production of more than one million kilograms. The grand situation of the people of Huaichuan planting Huaiyao in those years was recorded by Fan Zhaoli, the magistrate of Hanoi County, Huaiqing Prefecture, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, in the form of a poem: ? The people of Huaichuan planted medicines in their careers, and all the medicine gardens boasted about the Taoist land.

The cultivation of the four Chinese medicines has strict requirements in seed breeding, land selection, soil preparation, land preparation, seedling, fertilization, pest control, etc. The book "The Four Chinese Medicines", published by Zhongyuan Farmer's Press in 2004 with 360,000 words, is a detailed record of this traditional cultivation technology.

Interview with a medicinal farmer: (In the case of huangdihuang, for example, there are two kinds of huangdihuang: early huangdihuang and late huangdihuang. Early in the morning to the rainy season between planting, late in the planting in the mango before and after the planting. It should be planted in the well-drained two-hectare land. Avoid heavy crops, at least eight years before replanting. Planting method has two kinds of ridge planting and border planting. Field management, one is plowing and weeding, the second is reasonable watering, summer should strictly follow? Three watering three do not water? The principle that cloudy days do not water sunny days watering, the morning does not water the afternoon watering, before the rain does not water after the rain watering).

Interview with a medicinal farmer: (After the collection of the rhubarb planing, to be ready to bake on the processing of the concoction. Fresh goods with the fire baked, the temperature of 80 ℃ is appropriate. To be softened by the evaporation of the water portion of the ground yellow, you can weaken the fire with a small fire baking, the temperature of 50 ℃ is appropriate, baked to 70% dry, stacked three to four days to be sweating, and then baked with a small fire to 95% dry that is the goods, so-called the raw ground. The processing of ripe ground, you need to first wash the raw ground with water, fish out of the muffled wet a few hours, mixed with a small amount of wine, canned or caged to heat the fire, steam for a few hours after taking out, and then mixed into the ripe ground paste, wine, powdered nuts, continue to steam with the fire, so that the? Nine steaming nine sun? Until the inside and outside of the black shiny, slightly sweet and sour taste that is into goods).

The cultivation and concoction of Huai yam, Huai dihuang, Huai hyssop and Huai chrysanthemum have strict process requirements, which need to be dehydrated by means of fumigation and upper roasting. Among them, the processing of Huai yam has to go through repeated soaking, fumigation, drying and smothering, and then processed into light yam, also known as dry yam, with a rubbing board.

Because of the huge yield of yam, every harvest season, Jiaozuo countryside will appear thousands of villages and tens of thousands of households rubbing yam, yam tanning in the fields of the busy scene, known as the medicine countryside a scene.

The processed four big Huaiyao medicines have been dehydrated, which makes it easy to store and box them for export. The first thing you need to do is to get your hands dirty. The first is that it is a very good idea to have a good time and to have a good time. The proverb describes the considerable benefits of planting and processing the medicinal herbs. At present, Jiaozuo under the jurisdiction of Wuzhi, Wenxian, Mengxian, Xiuwu, Qinyang, Boai are the production of the four major Huaiyao medicine, directly for hundreds of thousands of farmers to bring economic benefits. 1992, Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, President of Prof. Shang Kichichang has written an article: "The land has high and low fertility, the sky is the limit, and the land has high and low fertility. The land has high and low barren, the sky has cold and heat temperature, but also because of the endowment of the different, the effect of the drug is also different. The four major medicines produced in the Taihang Mountains, Henan Province, Huai Chuan, Zhong Shanchuan of the spirit, endowed with the essence of the sun and the moon, but also to get the refined concoctions, since ancient times for the medicine of the top quality, famous at home and abroad for a long time, the real Central Plains of the oddball.

The inheritance and cultural practices of the four major medicines

Jiaozuo history, the four major medicines of the cultural inheritance, has always been inextricably linked to a famous town of the nation's merchant organizations, this merchant group is composed of the Huaiqing medicinal merchants of the Huai gang. In Jiaozuo under the jurisdiction of Wuzhi, Wenxian, Qinyang, Boai and other six counties and cities, planting and processing of Huayuai medicine farmers and drug dealers from generation to generation, there is a very clear genealogy of the inheritors.

(Wuzhi inheritor genealogy)

(Wenxian inheritor genealogy)

(Qinyang inheritor genealogy)

(Boai inheritor genealogy)

The end of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Village Li's ancestor, Li Tuan, led by his four sons from the Shanxi Hongdong immigrants migrated to the present Boai Liu Village, the initial planting and selling of Huayi medicine for a living, and then opened the store business, created a Huayi business with a number of outlets. A number of branches of the old Huaisheng business? Xie Shengquan, products are exported to Tianjin, Jinan and other places. When the third generation of Li Guoshun was in charge of the family, he saw a huge price difference between the fresh and processed products of Huaiyao, so he sent his staff out to learn the processing technology of Huaiyao and set up his own processing workshop. Because of the strict compliance with the ancient method of concocting, fine craftsmanship, Xie Shengquan's Huaiyao quickly became famous at home and abroad, with stores in Kaifeng, Wuhan, Hengyang, Guangzhou, Shanghai and other places.

Li Yuguang, a descendant of the Li family in Liu Village: (When the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom blocked the route of the southern medicine to the north, the old Beijing Tongrentang once stopped production due to the shortage of raw materials and fell into a difficult business situation. When Xie Shengquan heard of this, he hurriedly transferred the stock of medicinal materials from each branch to sell on credit at a low price or even give them away free of charge to help Tongrentang tide over the difficult times. After Tongrentang was revitalized, Xie Shengquan and Tongrentang became close friends. All the Four Great White Herbs were provided by Xie Shengquan. All of them were provided by Xie Shengquan, and this relationship was maintained until the public-private partnership after the liberation).

According to historical records, as early as the end of the Ming Dynasty, Huaiqing Province, the production and sale of Huaiyao medicine has formed a large scale, the eight counties of the province's drug dealers to the capital (that is, Qinyang) to open the medicinal materials storehouse. By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the city of Chinese herbal medicine inn has developed to more than 100, Du Shengxing, Xie Shengquan, Baohetang, etc. in the country to open a branch of the giant businessmen have dozens of biannual Qinyang Pharmaceutical King Temple Herbal Medicine Assembly attracted merchants from all over the world to come to the transaction, the Department of the then five major domestic herbal medicine Assembly (Wuhan, Anguo, Zhangshu, Yuzhou, Huaiging) one of the,? Huaiqing medicine capital? became one of the four major medicinal capitals in China. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Huaiqing medicine merchants formed a huge? Huai Gang. Team, across the country, rich as the country, became the domestic? Thirteen drug gangs? The leader of the Thirteen Pharmaceutical Gangs, successively built Huaiqing Hall and the Temple of the King of Medicine in Wuhan, Tianjin, Anguo and other places, and opened pharmaceutical companies, and the products of Huai medicine were sold to Southeast Asia, Europe and the United States through the ports of Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Tianjin, etc. The products of Huai medicine were sold to Southeast Asia, Europe and the United States. And the management of Huai medicine? Huai Gang? fully integrated the exposition of successive generations of medical scientists and pharmacopoeia records, to create a? The Four Great Huaiyao Medicine? The brand, and with the help of the king of medicine Sun Simiao in Huaichuan medical history legend, through the construction of a large number of temple of the king of medicine, worship the king of medicine Sun Simiao, the establishment of a perfect system of culture of Huaiyao medicine, put forward? The doctor does not see the king of medicine is not good, medicine does not honor the king of medicine is not good? The credo, for Huai medicine covered with a layer of mysterious aura. In the local and even Taiwan and Southeast Asia and other areas affected by the culture of Chinese medicine, the girl got married, in the pressure box treasure is always less than a section of the red rope tied to the dry yam.

The cultural characteristics and real value of the four major medicines

Ancient people in Taihu behavior? The ancient Chinese people were the "Tianji" (Heavenly Ridge), the "Yellow River". The Yellow River is the "Vein of the Earth". Taijiquan is just a carrier of this culture, and nourishing Yin Yang, non-Qin Huai land and not born of the four precious local specialties Huai medicine? is another carrier of this culture, they *** with adhering to the essence of the ancient Chinese culture of nourishing the heart, nourishing, nourishing life?

Chinese medicine is an ancient discipline with deep cultural deposits built on ancient philosophies, and is known as? The first formula of the thousand years of tonic nutrition? In the Six-flavored Di Huang Pill, the proportion of Huai Di Huang and Huai Shan Yao reaches 48%. Traditional Chinese medicine has always emphasized the authenticity of herbs and compliance with ancient methods of concocting, so it can be said that without the four major Huaiyao medicines, there would be no six flavors of Dihuang Pills. The important position of the Four Great White herbs in Chinese medicine, and their long and unique `regional cultural attributes, make them fully capable of assuming the role of the regional brand of Jiaozuo City.

The endangerment and protection of the four major medicines

A mention of the four major medicines of the status quo, more than seventy years old, amateur engaged in the study of medicines in Qinyang City Civil Affairs Bureau of retired cadres Li Chengjie worried about it.

Li Chengjie: (as the hometown of Huaiyao Qinyang, Huaiyao planting area is not large, and varieties of mixed, degradation phenomenon is serious. Some farmers in order to one-sidedly increase the production of Huai medicine, reduce unit costs to enhance price competitiveness, the arbitrary introduction of foreign seedling seeds, so that the four Huai medicine original flavor distortion).

Yue Shengli, president of Jiaozuo City Huaiyao Industry Association: (Now there are individual farmers for the pursuit of yield, do not strictly follow the planting requirements, the abuse of rhizome enlargement agent, a serious impact on the quality of the Huaiyao medicine).

Liu Xiaozhao, general manager of Jiaozuo City, Huai Cao Tang Biotechnology Co. The four Chinese medicines have been used by local traders in Shanxi, Hebei and Shandong to disrupt the domestic and international markets. and some southern drug dealers have confused them with the Chinese medicines. Huaiyao?

The four major medicines in the world's most important markets are the four major medicines in the world's most important markets.)

As an excellent folk culture, today's four major medicines, although with the times there is a certain development, but there are still many worrying problems, greatly restricting the four major medicines planting and development, the following situation is very worthy of our attention:

Subtitle: 1. Traditional planting and processing technology is facing the challenge of some of the varieties of medicinal herbs degradation.

2. The sales market is chaotic, there are many fake and shoddy products, jeopardizing the reputation of the brand.

3. Insufficient brand publicity, and the cultural practices related to Huaiyao have not been guided and protected.

In response to the endangered situation, Jiaozuo City, the relevant departments are embarking on the development of a series of protective measures, mainly containing the following:

Subtitle: 1. Protection of Huaiyao medicine planting, processing technology inheritors, inheritance and development of Huaiyao medicine planting, processing and production technology. The establishment of Huai medicine inheritor files, economic subsidies to the inheritors, record, organize their traditional skills, expand the inheritance system.

2. Research and protect the culture of Huaiyao medicine. It should strengthen the research on the culture of Huaiyao medicine, protect the Huaiyao merchants' halls in different places, organize the cultural information of Huaiyao medicine, and form a systematic inheritance system of Huaiyao medicine culture.

3. The establishment of the four major museums, the formation of a complete four major products of Huaiyao medicine and Huaiyao medicine culture display system.

In recent years, Jiaozuo Municipal Party Committee and the municipal government proposed? Food four big Huai medicine, practicing Taiji Kung Fu, swim Jiaozuo landscape? Tourism strategy, around the goal of creating a cultural tourism city, through the reconstruction of Huaiqing Hall, Huai Bang theater building, the business front of the antique decoration and other measures, will be invested 120 million yuan built? Huaiqing Medicine City? Become? A street of Huaiyao culture. At the same time, it will be a cultural street of Huaiqing medicine. Huaiqing Medicine City with all the counties of? The four major Huaiyao medicine planting bases and planting bases and cultural elements such as ancient Huai merchant houses, the ruins of the Medicine King Temple, traditional Huai medicine processing techniques, and the transportation of Huai medicines on the Old Canal, to create a cultural street of Huai medicine. The Four Great Huaiyao Medicines? Historical and cultural eco-tour routes.

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