Environmental pollution characteristics

Environmental pollution is the result of various pollution factors themselves and their interaction. At the same time, environmental pollution is also influenced by social evaluation and has sociality. Its characteristics can be summarized as follows:

1) public hazards

Environmental pollution is not affected by regional, ethnic and economic conditions, and it is a victim.

2) Delay

A lot of pollution is not easy to find in time, and once it breaks out, the consequences are very serious.

3) Durability

Many pollutions have long-term and lasting effects, endangering people's health and life, and are not easy to eliminate.

4) Time distribution

The discharge of pollutants and the intensity of pollution factors change with time. For example, the types and concentrations of pollutants discharged by factories often change with time. Due to the alternation of flood season, wet season and dry season, the concentration of pollutants will change with time.

With the change of meteorological conditions, the pollution concentration difference of the same pollutant in the same place will be as high as dozens of times. The intensity of traffic noise varies with the change of traffic flow at different times.

5) Spatial distribution

After entering the environment, pollutants and pollution factors are diluted and diffused with the flow of water and air. The stability and diffusion speed of different pollutants are related to the nature of pollution, so the concentration and intensity distribution of pollutants in different spatial locations are different.

As can be seen from the above, in order to correctly express the environmental quality of an area, the monitoring results of a certain point cannot be explained separately. According to the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of pollutants, the monitoring scheme (including network, point setting, monitoring items, sampling frequency, etc.) is formulated. ) Only through scientific formulation and statistical analysis of monitoring data can we get a more comprehensive and objective evaluation.

6) the influence of pollution factors

Environment is a complex system, and the comprehensive influence of various factors must be considered. From the perspective of traditional toxicology, the effects of various pollutants on people or organisms are as follows:

(1) Single action, that is, when some organs in the body are damaged by only one component in the mixture, and this damage is not deepened by the interaction of pollutants, is called single action of pollutants.

(2) additive effect: the toxic effects of each component of mixed pollutants on the same organ of the body are similar to each other and tend to the same direction. When this effect is equal to the sum of toxic effects of various pollutants, it is called additive effect of pollution. For example, between sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid aerosol in the atmosphere, and between chlorine and hydrogen chloride, their joint toxic effects are additive at low concentrations, but not additive at high concentrations.

(3) Multiplication, when the toxic effects of each component of mixed pollutants on the body exceed the sum of individual toxic effects, is called multiplication. For example, between sulfur dioxide and particulate matter, between nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide.

(4) Antagonism is called antagonism when the toxic effects of two or more pollutants on the body partially or mostly cancel each other. For example, animal experiments show that when food contains 30ppm methylmercury and 12.5ppm selenium, the toxicity of methylmercury may be inhibited.

Extended data:

Countermeasures:

In order to prevent and control environmental pollution, China has successively promulgated a series of laws, such as People's Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law, People's Republic of China (PRC) Water Pollution Prevention Law and People's Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Noise Pollution Prevention Law.

1994 the government of China has formulated the "action guide for environmental protection in China in the future-China Agenda 2 1", pointing out that "the traditional development mode of pursuing economic growth through high consumption and' pollution before treatment' can no longer meet the requirements of today's and future development, and we must strive to find a development mode that can meet the needs of contemporary people in harmony with population, economy, society, environment and resources.

Relevant government departments have also done a lot of work in the prevention and control of environmental pollution, such as the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Chemical Industry, the State Oceanic Administration, the General Office of the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and other departments have issued relevant laws and regulations.

In order to do a good job in the prevention and control of environmental pollution, every citizen must strive to enhance environmental awareness: on the one hand, we must clearly realize that human beings often pollute and destroy the ecological environment in the process of developing and utilizing natural resources;

On the other hand, we should turn this understanding into our own practical actions, actively participate in various environmental protection activities with the attitude of "protecting the environment, everyone is responsible", and consciously cultivate environmental protection ethics.

There are many measures to prevent and control environmental pollution, among which biological purification is closely related to eliminating environmental pollution and developing green food.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Environmental Pollution