Knives, spears and halberds in Song Dynasty stone carvings in Lu Xian County.

Knives, spears and halberds in Song Dynasty stone carvings in Lu Xian County.

In the history of weapons development in China, the Song Dynasty was in a period of combining cold and hot weapons. At this time, cold weapons have reached the peak in the history of ancient weapons, and specially sent people to compile a military book "Wu Jing Zong Yao". In the Song Dynasty, wars were frequent. In this case, the shapes of various weapons have changed greatly, and the types have shown a diversified development trend. Gunpowder weapons are growing rapidly, and cold weapons and hot weapons are used together. We can see the signs of military development in the Song Dynasty from the warrior images in the stone carvings in Lu Xian County.

The weapons in the stone carvings of Song Dynasty warriors in Lu Xian County can be divided into three categories: melee weapons, medium-range weapons and long-range weapons. Common weapons are axe, sword, whip, mace, halberd, bow and arrow, bone flower, stick ... all kinds and shapes.

sword

Drunk in the dream of watching the sword under the oil lamp, dreaming back to the old days of the military camp, a horn sounded.

Sword is one of the most traditional weapons in China. As early as the bronze age, there was a tradition of casting swords with copper. With the appearance of iron, the iron sword gradually replaced the bronze sword, which was popular for more than two thousand years. Short swords are easy to defend themselves, easy to stab, and long swords are easy to fight. There are a large number of warriors with swords in the stone carvings of the Song Dynasty in Lu Xian County, and there are also swords of various shapes in the Song Dynasty.

halberd

A broken iron halberd sank into the sand and disappeared, only to find that it was the remnant of Battle of Red Cliffs after grinding and washing.

Ji was originally a weapon that combined spear and Ji. It can be divided into halberd, short halberd and double halberd. Euphorbia Euphorbia, Euphorbia Euphorbia, with long handle and great lethality, can be stabbed and chopped; The short halberd is light and can be stabbed and thrown. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, halberd gradually became a ritual vessel symbolizing status.

Chop with an axe

I have been a guest in Changsha for several years.

Axe, the main function is chopping, chopping the enemy's shield with an axe in battle, making people inaccessible, and it is also an artifact when fighting against enemy cavalry. According to different shapes and patterns, there are plain axes, yazi axes and line carving axes.

bow and arrow

In the dark forest, the grass was suddenly blown by the wind, and the wind was rustling. The general thought that the beast was coming and immediately pulled out the arrow.

Bow and arrow, a long-range weapon, can cause great trauma to the enemy. Bows and arrows are often used as the first weapon to meet the enemy when the army arranges troops. The selection and assessment of soldiers in the Song Dynasty were very strict, and the use of crossbows was often used as one of the criteria for selecting soldiers.

force

The vast sadness of parting extends to the setting sun, away from Beijing, riding a whip to the east, feeling that people are on earth.

Whip is a short-range strike weapon. The whip in Lu Xian stone carving is a hard whip, which looks like a bamboo joint. Unlike the soft whip made of leather, it is hard in texture and light in weight, relying on the strength of the user and the gravity of the whip itself to attack the enemy.

wand

Trident fork and four-pronged mace win glory for the sun.

Mace, shape and whip are not particularly different, but there is no straight edge, flat head or square or round, which also belongs to whip. According to the collection of Song Dynasty's Military Books, the four sides are called iron whip, and the square is called Mace.

knife

The yellow Jin Cuodao is covered with white jade and shines through the window at night.

As a weapon of war, knife itself is a short-handled melee weapon, but with the development of war history, long-handled broadsword appeared. In Song Dynasty, the army was dominated by infantry, with relatively few cavalry. In the fight against the cavalry of Liao, Jin and Xixia, long knife weapons such as broadsword came in handy.

paste

Clubs, belonging to the long weapons in weapons and equipment, were originally made of wood, and were gradually used in war because of their easy availability of materials and simple manufacture. Clubs have many names in history, such as, pestle, Meng and so on. Later, in order to improve combat effectiveness, iron bars, iron bars and hook bars appeared.

Gu Duo

Bone flower is a spherical object placed on the top of the stick, which can be solid wood or wrapped with iron sheet. Because its surface is plated with a layer of gold, it is also called golden melon. Hit the enemy's head and shoulders with it, and the place it touches will be broken, broken bones and rotten meat, which is extremely lethal. With the evolution of etiquette system, many combat weapons have evolved into ritual vessels for etiquette purposes. According to the records in the history of Song Dynasty, bone flowers were used in ceremonies in general occasions.

Samurai is a major work in the Song Dynasty stone carvings in Lu Xian County. Image design is mostly based on the real-life sergeant of the Song Dynasty. With dexterous hands, realistic techniques, smooth lines and unique skills, the images of excellent weapons and equipment and brave warriors are vividly portrayed, which is valuable information for us to study weapons and military affairs in the Song Dynasty.