Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional culture - Summarize the overall characteristics of Suzhou gardens.

Summarize the overall characteristics of Suzhou gardens.

Among the traditional buildings in China, classical gardens are unique and have made great achievements. What are the characteristics of Suzhou Classics as the representative of China Classical Gardens? Next, come with me to understand the overall characteristics of Suzhou gardens. Welcome to read!

Overall characteristics of Suzhou gardens

1, landscaping techniques

When visiting Suzhou gardens, the biggest attraction is the application of borrowing scenery and contrasting scenery in China garden design. China gardens are exquisite? Step by step? The ingenious design of scenery arrangement and viewing position is the most important feature that distinguishes it from western gardens. China Garden tries to perfectly reproduce the space and structure of the external world in the limited internal space. There are courtyards, pavilions and verandahs in the park, and the internal and external spaces penetrate each other, making it smooth, circulating and flowing. Through the lattice window, the vast natural scenery is condensed into a miniature landscape. Inscriptions can be seen everywhere, adding a rich humanistic atmosphere to the garden. Drops of clear water flow under your feet, reflecting the scenery in the garden, intertwined with reality and reality, bringing the viewer from the tangible real world into the infinite dream space. As far as techniques are concerned, borrowing scenery or putting the beautiful scenery outside the garden into the garden through careful selection and tailoring is called remote borrowing; Or use one scene to set off another scene, which is called borrowing scenery, and so on. This not only makes Suzhou gardens with limited area provide richer landscapes and deeper levels, but also greatly expands the spatial feeling of the appreciators. In the humble administrator's garden? Hongyi Pavilion? You can see the north temple tower outside the park; In the flower window of Canglang Pavilion, you can enjoy the bamboo forest outside the house, which is a common way to borrow scenery.

2, freehand brushwork landscape art thought.

China's gardening art has a deep historical origin with China's literature and painting art, especially influenced by the literati's freehand brushwork landscape painting in Tang and Song Dynasties, and it is a model of literati's freehand brushwork landscape simulation. In the course of its development, China gardens have formed two series: royal gardens and private gardens. The former is concentrated in Beijing and the latter is represented by Suzhou. Due to the differences in political, economic, cultural status and natural geographical conditions, there are obvious differences in scale, layout, volume, style and color. Royal gardens win with their majesty, neatness and magnificence, while Suzhou gardens win with their smallness, freedom, exquisiteness, elegance and being good at writing opinions. Because the latter paid more attention to the harmony and unity of culture and art, the royal gardens developed in the later period also borrowed a lot from private gardens in terms of artistic conception, creative concept, architectural skills and humanistic content. Freehand brushwork? Skill.

3. Perfect living conditions and living environment

Suzhou's classical gardens and homes are integrated, which can be appreciated, visited and lived. The formation of this architectural form is a creation that human beings attach themselves to nature, pursue harmony with nature, beautify and improve their living environment in a densely populated city lacking natural scenery. Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master's Garden and Huanxiu Mountain Villa are four classical gardens with complete architectural types and well-preserved. They systematically and comprehensively show the layout, structure, shape, style, color, decoration, furniture and furnishings of Suzhou classical garden buildings. They are representative works of Jiangnan folk architecture in Ming and Qing Dynasties (14-early 20th century) and reflect this period. It once influenced the architectural style of the whole city in the south of the Yangtze River, and brought the design, conception, layout, aesthetics and construction technology of folk buildings closer to it, reflecting the scientific and technological level and artistic achievements of urban construction at that time. This is a great historical building!

4. Rich social and cultural connotations.

An important feature of Suzhou classical garden is that it is not only the product of history and culture, but also the carrier of China traditional thought and culture. It is manifested in the naming, plaque, calligraphy, carving and decoration of the garden hall, as well as the meaning of flowers and trees and the love of stacked stones. It is not only a beautiful art that adorns the garden, but also stores many historical, cultural, ideological and scientific information, material and spiritual contents. Some reflect and spread various philosophical concepts and schools of thought such as Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism; Some preach the philosophy of life and cultivate noble sentiments; With the help of classical poems and literary works, the landscape is embellished, germinated and rendered, so that people can turn the landscape into feelings in their lives and sightseeing, produce artistic beauty and obtain spiritual satisfaction. The park has a well-preserved collection of calligraphy works by famous calligraphers in China, which is a precious work of art with high cultural value. In addition, Suzhou Classical Garden, as the first house garden in China, reflects the life style and manners and customs of the people in ancient Jiangnan, China, and is the material for understanding and studying the folk customs in ancient Jiangnan, China.

Brief introduction of main scenic spots in Suzhou gardens

Suzhou Garden Humble Administrator's Garden

Humble Administrator's Garden, together with Beijing Summer Palace, chengde mountain resort and Suzhou Lingering Garden, is called the four classical gardens in China. It was originally the residence of Lu Guimeng, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and later it was the seclusion of Wang Jian in the Ming Dynasty. He led the ancients to build houses, plant trees and irrigate gardens. What is a humble government? It was once a part of Zhongyi Palace in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and now it is a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Humble Administrator's Garden is divided into four parts: East, Middle, West and Residential. Folk houses are typical Suzhou folk houses, which are now arranged as exhibition halls of garden museums. The eastern part is bright and cheerful, with Pinggang Mountain, pine lawn and bamboo house Qushui as the main areas. The main attractions are: Blue School, Zhuoyunfeng, Furong Pavilion, Tian Quan Pavilion and Xiangxiang Pavilion. The central part is the essence of Humble Administrator's Garden, with one third of the pool area, mainly water, rich trees and natural scenery. Buildings with different shapes and scattered heights are arranged by the water, with clear priorities. The main attractions are: Yuanxiangtang, Xiangzhou, Hefeng Pavilion, Jianshanlou, Xiaofeihong and Loquat Garden. The main building in the west is the 36-yuan Yang Pavilion near the residential side, with an arc-shaped pool, which is characterized by the separation of pavilions and terraces, the ups and downs of cloisters, the reflection of water waves, unique interest and gorgeous decoration. The main attractions are: 36 Yuanyang Pavilion, Reflection Pavilion, who to sit with, Water Gallery, etc.

Suzhou Garden Canglang Pavilion

Canglang Pavilion, located in Sanyuanfang, south of the city, is the oldest garden in Suzhou. The layout of the whole park is natural and harmonious, which can be called a masterpiece with ingenious conception and appropriate techniques. Together with Lion Grove, Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden, it is listed as the four major gardens in Suzhou in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The scenery of the whole park is unpretentious and elegant, winning by nature instead of ingenuity. The so-called nature, one is not artificial, not dead, not carved, not showing traces of axes; The second is to behave appropriately and strive to be suitable for mountains and rivers, just like natural scenery. The scenery outside Canglangting Garden rises from the water, and the garden gate opens to the north. There is a stone bridge in front of it. A bay of water flows from west to east, and in the morning and evening to the south of the park, it is filled with the smell of smoke and water, which is very poetic. The layout of the park is dominated by mountains. When you get started, you can see the places dominated by Yellowstone. Rockery and new branches of ancient trees on the mountain are full of vitality. Bamboo swaying in it, rattan hanging on it, has its own wild interest. Most buildings are surrounded by mountains and connected by long corridors. However, there is no water in the mountains, and water without mountains has almost no rigidity. So a promenade was built along the pool, winding and winding, which not only connected the pavilions built near the pool to avoid loneliness, but also enjoyed the scenery on both sides through more than 100 leaky windows with different patterns on the promenade, so that the water outside the park and the mountains in the park complement each other and naturally blend into one, which can be described as a model for borrowing scenery.

Suzhou Garden Lion Forest

Lion Grove is one of the four famous gardens in Suzhou with a history of more than 600 years. From Yuan Dynasty to Zheng Zheng, Tian Ru, a famous monk, was a disciple of Zen master Wei Ze. Invest at the same rate, buy land and build a house to live in its teacher. ? Because of the park? There are thousands of bamboos in the forest, and there are many strange stones under them, like lions? ; Also, Wei Zede, a Buddhist monk, studied Dharma at the National Normal School of Lion Mountain in Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province. In order to commemorate the relationship between Buddhism and his disciples, he took the meaning of Leo in Buddhist scriptures, hence the name? Lion forest? 、? Lion forest? .

Lion Forest has not only pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, halls and corridors of Suzhou classical gardens, but also is famous for its grotesque rocks and caves. Rockery kingdom? Fame.

Suzhou garden lingering garden

Liuyuan was built in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and it is divided into four scenic spots: the middle part is centered on the mountain pond, and the scenery is quiet; To the east, the hall is magnificent and spacious, and pavilions are stacked; There are heaped-up mountains and maple forests in the west, and the scenery is natural and delicate; The north is idyllic. The layout of the whole garden is rigorous, and it ranks first among Suzhou gardens because of its proper handling of architectural space. It is also one of the four famous gardens in China.

Suzhou garden wangshiyuan

Wang Shi Garden is located in Kuanjiatou Lane, Fenmen, with the back door reaching Shiquan Street. The whole park covers an area of about eight acres, less than one-sixth of the humble administrator's garden. However, the layout is rigorous, the priorities are clear, and there are many changes. There are gardens in the garden, scenery outside the scene, exquisite and profound. Although there are many buildings, it is not congested. Although the mountain pool is small, it doesn't feel cramped. Therefore, it is considered as a model of Suzhou classical gardens.

What was the original name of Master Wang Garden? Fishing and hiding? Song Zongyuan bought it from the Qing Dynasty and borrowed it from the old days? Fishing and hiding? Meaning, is it related to the name of the alley? Wang Si? Homophonic, renamed? Master of Nets Garden? .

Suzhou garden yiyuan garden

Yiyuan Garden is located in the middle of Renmin Road in the center of the old city. It is the latest garden in Suzhou, which can absorb the advantages of various gardens and form its concentrated characteristics. Because of its compact layout and proper techniques, it has high ornamental value.

The whole park covers an area of about nine acres and is long and narrow from east to west. According to local conditions, the landscape is divided into two parts, separated by a corridor, and the corridor wall and flower window communicate the eastern and western scenery, which can increase the depth of field. The eastern part of the corridor is dominated by courtyard buildings, and the curved corridor surrounds the pavilion, dotted with flowers and trees and stone peaks. Looking from the empty window of the winding corridor, all Chinese paintings are meaningful. Langxi is the main attraction of the whole park, with water in the middle and rockeries, flowers and trees and buildings around. The central water surface gathers, the east and west ends are long and narrow, and a curved bridge and sluice are built to show that the water in the pool is inexhaustible. The rockeries in the north of the pool are all made of beautiful lake stones. Although the mountain is not high, there are peaks and valleys, which set each other off with the tree pavilion.

Cultural Implication of Suzhou Gardens

Suzhou is famous? Garden city? Fame. Suzhou classical gardens have a long history. In its heyday, more than 200 gardens spread all over the ancient city, and dozens of them are still well preserved, representing the garden style in southern China. Suzhou classical gardens are famous for their antiquity, beauty, exquisiteness and elegance. Jiangnan garden is the best in the world, and Suzhou classical garden is the first in Jiangnan? Suzhou's reputation is a unique tourism resource.

Suzhou gardeners use unique gardening techniques, in a limited space, by stacking mountains and managing water, planting flowers and trees, configuring garden buildings, and using a large number of plaques, couplets, paintings and calligraphy, sculptures, steles, furniture furnishings and various ornaments to reflect ancient philosophical concepts, cultural awareness and aesthetic taste, thus forming a poetic literati landscape garden. Without the joy of mountains and rivers outside the city, the downtown area will be fun of nymphs. ，reach？ Although it is made by people, it seems like heaven? Artistic situation.

Gardens of past dynasties have their own natural, historical, cultural and artistic characteristics. As a famous historical and cultural city in China, Suzhou has preserved many unique private gardens for more than 1000 years since the Song Dynasty. All these classical gardens skillfully use various gardening artistic skills and techniques in architectural layout, structure, modeling and style, such as contrast, setting off, landscape contrast, scale transformation of landscape relics, level coordination, seeing the big from the small, winning more with less, etc. And combine pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, springs, stones, flowers and trees to create a harmonious living environment between man and nature in the city. It constitutes the overall characteristics of Suzhou classical gardens. There are more than ten famous gardens, among which Canglang Pavilion, Lion Forest, Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master of Nets Garden and Yiyuan Garden are famous. Suzhou classical gardens occupy a small area, and the artistic techniques adopted are endless and eclectic. Suzhou classical gardens are decorated with rockeries, trees, pavilions, ponds and bridges in a limited space with the interest of flowers and birds in China landscape and the artistic conception of Tang poetry and Song poetry, which makes Suzhou classical gardens win by scenery, which is different from gardens and gives people an artistic effect of seeing the big from the small. Humble Administrator's Garden? The essence of Jiangnan famous garden? The reputation of. [3]

Suzhou classical gardens have always been called? Scholar's Garden? . Bai Juyi said in Caotang Collection:? Cover the ground as a platform, gather boxing stones as mountains, and surround the water as a pool? This is the paradigm of literati gardens. Suzhou classical gardens fully embody? Natural beauty? In the design and construction, various methods are used to organize the space according to local conditions, such as borrowing scenery, comparing scenery, dividing scenery and isolating scenery, resulting in the artistic effect of twists and turns, seeing the big from the small and alternating the virtual and the real in the garden. By stacking mountains and managing water, planting flowers and trees, and configuring garden buildings, a poetic landscape garden is formed, and a harmonious relationship between man and nature is created in the city. Urban forest? . In a certain area, the beautiful natural environment and recreational environment created by using engineering technology and artistic means, by transforming the terrain (or further building mountains, stacking rocks and controlling water), planting trees and flowers, building buildings and arranging garden roads, are called gardens. It is unique among the traditional buildings in China, and the classical garden architecture has made great achievements.

Suzhou classical gardens have a history of more than 2,000 years, which has its unique historical position and value in the world gardening history. Suzhou classical gardens, with superb artistic techniques of freehand brushwork of landscapes, contain rich traditional thoughts and cultural connotations of China, and show a model of gardening art of oriental civilization. It is really an artistic treasure of the Chinese nation. With what? Suzhou classical gardens? The equally famous scenic spots in Suzhou, such as Tiger Hill, Tianping Mountain and Shihu Lake, are also the tourist attractions that tourists at home and abroad yearn for throughout the ages. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the feudal economic and cultural development in Suzhou reached its peak, and the gardening art became mature, and a group of gardening artists appeared, which made the gardening activities reach its climax. In its heyday, Suzhou had more than 280 private gardens and courtyards. Up to now, there are Canglang Pavilion and Wangshiyuan built in Song Dynasty, Lion Forest in Yuan Dynasty, Humble Administrator's Garden and Art Garden in Ming Dynasty, Lingering Garden, Lovers Garden, Yiyuan Garden, Quyuan Garden and Fengting Garden in Qing Dynasty. Among them, Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master of Nets Garden and Huanxiu Mountain Villa were listed by UNESCO at the end of 1997 because of their exquisite gardening art and distinctive artistic characteristics. World cultural heritage? . Suzhou classical gardens are full of urban natural interest? Urban forest? People who live in downtown areas can enjoy nature as soon as they enter the garden? The joy of mountains and rivers and nymphs? . In this episode? Natural? ,? A spoonful of water instead of a punch instead of a mountain? The dislocation of the four Jeffery Ji in the garden, the withering of vegetation in spring and autumn, and the seasonal changes of garden flowers and trees enable people to? You can get the pleasure of mountains without leaving the battlements, and the pleasure of nymphs in downtown areas? .

Suzhou classical gardens have a profound cultural heritage? Literati freehand brushwork landscape garden? . Gardeners in ancient times all had high cultural accomplishment and were good at painting and poetry. When gardening, they mostly take painting as the basis and poetry as the topic, and create a poetic landscape by digging ponds, planting flowers and trees. What's it called? Silent poetry, three-dimensional painting? . Swimming in the garden is like enjoying poetry and painting. In order to express the taste, ideal and pursuit of the garden owner, there are inscriptions on poems such as plaques and couplets in garden buildings and landscape, and there are people who boast of their beautiful lotus fragrance (Humble Administrator's Garden? Yuanxiangtang? ), and elegant herbs to describe its noble temperament (Humble Administrator's Garden? Xiangzhou? ), there are people who admire the ancients and float freely like a boat (Yiyuan? Hey? ), and the performance of the owner's yearning for the bleak life of the four parks (net garden? True meaning? Stay in the park? Small taoyuan? ) and so on, to name a few. These bookish poems and inscriptions are naturally and harmoniously integrated with the buildings, landscapes, flowers and trees in the garden, so that a mountain, a water, a grass and a tree in the garden have a far-reaching artistic conception, and you can get spiritual edification and beautiful enjoyment while wandering among them. Although the classical gardens in Suzhou are small, the ancient gardeners have created rich and varied landscapes through various artistic techniques. Do they wander in the gardens or fall in love at first sight? How deep is the yard? , or watch? Another village? , or see a small bridge flowing water, white walls and tiles, or see a winding path leading to a secluded place, the peak turns around, or the pace is calm and changeable. As for those flower windows with different shapes and exquisite patterns, those paved roads, those roads that can't reach your feet like brocade, and those sketches that seem to be inadvertently scattered in every corner ... people can't finish reading them and have endless aftertaste.

Suzhou classical gardens are the art of time and history. A large number of plaques, couplets, paintings, sculptures, stone tablets, furniture, ornaments and so on. The garden is full of exquisite works of art that decorate the garden, and all of them contain China's ancient philosophy, cultural awareness and aesthetic taste. Suzhou's classical gardens and homes are integrated, so you can enjoy, travel, live and experience a comfortable life. The formation of this architectural form is a creation that human beings attach themselves to nature, pursue harmony with nature, beautify and improve their living environment in a densely populated city lacking natural scenery.

? Rain scares poetry, dreams leave banana leaves? This is a vivid portrayal of Suzhou classical gardens; ? The wind cuts the sound of books and produces lotus flowers? This is the best description of garden artistic conception. A classical window, a door of time, leads us in? Suzhou classical gardens? . 1978 In April, Margaret Thatcher, then leader of the British Conservative Party, came to Suzhou to visit the Humble Administrator's Garden. Don't have a hole in the sky? At that time, a classic moment was left: Deep Moon Gate is like a just visiting, connecting the friendship between the East and the West and opening China? The window? .