How many fingerings does guzheng have?

Left-handed fingering can be divided into two categories: yin fingering and fingering, of which yin fingering is the most distinctive.

Left-handed fingering can be divided into two categories: one is left-handed fingering and the other is left-handed fingering.

The left-handed fingering is the most distinctive fingering of Zheng. In ancient times, some people only played the guzheng by chanting and fingering, instead of plucking it with their left hand. In Zheng music, the delicate and euphemistic interest is closely related to the clever use of left-handed techniques.

According to the basic requirements of left-handed fingering, left-handed fingering is called left-handed fingering, which is to modify, beautify and change the right-handed fingering on the left-handed chord segment of the code. When using Yin fingering, first, use the middle finger of the left hand or the middle finger to come together naturally, the fingers naturally bend slightly, touch the strings with the fingertips, and then the chord sound of the right hand. Please pay attention to the following questions:

1) The fingertip of the left hand touches the string, and the middle finger exerts greater force, followed by the index finger (or the second finger).

2) The fingertip of the left hand touches the strings at the position of 16- 19 cm on the left side of the code. The chords in the high-pitched area are longer, and the chords in the low-pitched area are shorter.

3) The fingers of the left hand bend slightly naturally (naturally formed when fingering). The finger and the back of the hand form an angle of about 1 10 degrees.

4) Yin fingering generally moves with the plucking of the thumb of the right hand, and occasionally presses the strings with the middle finger. Some chords or chords are pressed and rubbed, and then press with two fingers or knead a string with each finger as needed. The direction in which the left hand moves with the right hand, when it is dialed to the outside, the left hand is biased to the left front; When plucking the strings inward, move your left hand towards your body.

5) The power of fingering naturally shifts from the shoulder to the arm. You can't simply press the strings with your hands or wrists, nor can you simply pluck the strings with your fingers. It's just that in some individual techniques, your wrist or finger can exert a little more force.

6) The basic "schema" of left-handed intonation is that fingers and shoulders draw a straight line, and hands and arms form an arch. All fingering methods are based on this arch swing or shaking.

7) The thumb and little finger of the left hand are naturally placed in a hand shape, the thumb is naturally placed next to the index finger, and the little finger is placed next to each finger, which can be separated naturally and cannot be tilted or drooped.

Some basic fingers of guzheng

[Tuo]-When playing, pluck the strings in the general direction, that is, pluck the strings in the bass direction. The angle of plucked string should be forced downward from syncline. And avoid bending the first joint and the second joint of the thumb in an oblique direction and forcibly "buckling" the strings. Joe's movements are natural, ingenious and coordinated through his shoulders, arms, hands and fake nails. When playing, the knuckles of the fingers are not bent, and the force is naturally exerted based on the root of the big finger. Pluck the strings below the syncline.

[Liantuo]-The fingers that are continuously supported are called Liantuo. You can use the method of continuously supporting your fingers, or you can use the method of bouncing (bouncing your fingers after each sound). The former has a coherent voice, while the latter has a powerful voice, which is helpful to the training of finger strength.

Tuo is the basic fingering method in the performance of Zheng, which is used to play single-tone or scale melody downward. The plucking method of Tuo is also used for fingering such as "double hook splitting Tuo" and "next calendar sound".

[Chop]-pluck the strings in the big direction when playing, that is, pluck the strings in the high-pitched direction. The action of splitting the string is still based on the joint between the big finger and the palm root, and the upper corner is slightly biased to pluck the string. Split is the reverse fingering of support. It is often used alternately or continuously with the bracket. In melody, when two or more homonyms with shorter sound values appear in turn, the alternate fingering of branch and support is often adopted. Generally, it is supported first and then split. It is also used to play a continuous rising tone in chord order, usually with the middle finger and forefinger. Both "heavy hook and split support" and "female finger shake" contain the fingering of split support.

[Hook]-When playing, point to the inside and pluck the strings. The action of plucking the strings inward from the middle point, with the third joint of the middle finger root as the moving point, drives the whole point to move slightly obliquely downward. It should be noted that the first and second joints naturally relax, do not bend, and have certain strength when relaxed. It is based on relaxation and maintains a certain strength to play. The tentacles of the hook should always be based on playing strings, not hooking strings like the hook. Only by playing the lower string obliquely can we achieve good tone and sound quality. Hooks are usually used to pluck strings with your big fingers, or you can pluck strings with your big fingers and forefinger. Sometimes it is also used for pitch or ascending scale melody. Some comprehensive fingering methods, such as "rubbing", "re-rubbing", "double hook splitting" and "three-hook wheel rubbing", all include hook plucking fingering. Hook is widely used in Zheng music, just like Tuo, which is a common fingering after Tuo in Zheng music.

[Hook]-When playing, the strings are outward. Strip cannot be used alone. Tone is often used in the comprehensive fingering methods such as "reverse pinching", "pinch pinching" and "reverse pinching" combined with the big finger, and also in the comprehensive fingering methods such as "sweeping the strings" and "plucking" of the right hand.

[Wipe]-When playing, the index finger moves the strings inward. Erase is often used to play with the big finger, big finger, middle finger and little finger, and also to pluck the strings with monophonic or ascending scales. The fingering methods of "forefinger shaking" and "three-hook wheel rubbing" both include fingering. When the plaster is used alone, the strings are often pulled down obliquely by using the big joint. When plucking strings with other fingers, due to the limitation of speed and hand shape, the small joints (second and third joints) bend slightly upward to pluck strings. When using this method, we should pay attention to the unity of timbre and the flexibility of touching strings.

[Pick]-When playing, the index finger plucks the strings outward. There are two ways to pluck the string with the index finger: one is to stick the thumb on the first joint of the index finger and pluck the string with the help of the big finger through the wrist strap; The other is that the index finger plucks the strings with the help of the wrist strap finger; The other is that the index finger plucks the strings with the fingers of the armband by plucking the strings from its first and second joints. Both methods require the middle finger, the first finger and the third finger to relax naturally and contract slightly. Pick a monophonic or flat melody; It is also often used to play the big finger or the big, middle and little finger. Some comprehensive fingering methods, such as "calendar sound", "anti-pinch" and "anti-pinch", all include plucking fingering.

[Beat]-When playing, the ring finger plucks the strings inward. Playing is often used for arpeggios or broken chords. Because the ring finger usually doesn't wear a fake nails, the ring finger is used to play individual sounds to achieve soft color contrast and soft sound effects. In addition, some chords also include the fingering of "striking" when the ring finger plucks the string inward. There is also an improved fingering method, which is to use the ring finger with nails instead of the middle finger to pluck the strings. The middle finger moves away from the lower half of the octave and is used to play other sounds within the octave played by the thumb and ring finger. This improved fingering not only makes the index finger wipe, but also increases the ticking sound of the middle finger. The fingering order of arpeggios is: from low to high, with "scratch", from high to low, with "scratch".

Pinch fingering

[DaCuO]-Big finger support, middle finger hook, and two fingering methods simultaneously pluck the strings relatively. When playing, the strings of the middle finger, the big finger and the little finger should be neat, the sound should be consistent, and the angle of touching the strings should be inclined downward. And avoid the middle finger and the big finger bending upwards to "buckle the string".

It is widely used in Zheng music, sometimes playing a single octave chord, sometimes playing a continuous octave chord. Sandwiches are mainly used to play octaves and chords. Occasionally, it is also used to play fifth, sixth and seventh harmonies.

[Reverse Pinch]-Split the thumb, pick the middle finger and pluck the strings in the opposite direction at the same time. Reverse pinching is the antonym of pinching. Reverse pinching is used to play octaves and chords. Not used alone, often used immediately after holding, pinching, hooking, holding or holding a hook.

[Pinch]-Thumb support, middle finger pluck, and two fingers pluck the strings outward at the same time. Also known as "pinching fingers". Picking and pinching is a unique fingering of Henan schools. This situation is often encountered in the guzheng music created or composed by Henan guzheng player Cao Dongfuxian. The pick is mainly used to play octaves and chords. The fingering of "octave shaking" also contains the element of pinching.

[Chop and pinch]-Chop the thumb and hook the middle finger, and both fingering simultaneously pluck the strings inward on two strings. Split is rarely used. It is sometimes used to play rising octaves and chords in rapid succession. Both the "octave swing" fingering and the "double hook split support" fingering include fingering.

[Pinch]-Hold your thumb and wipe it with your forefinger. The two fingering simultaneously pluck the strings relatively. Pinch is mainly used to play the third and fourth overtones, and sometimes it is also used to play the second and fifth overtones.

[Anti-pinch]-Chop your big finger and pick your fingers, and pluck the strings in the opposite direction on two strings at the same time. Anti-pinch is used to play the third, fourth (and occasionally second) and overtone notes. Not used alone, often used behind mops, mops or clips.

[Re-pinch]-Three fingering methods, namely, holding the big finger, wiping the index finger and hooking the middle finger, are used on three strings at the same time. Re-pinching is often used in the form of adding a note within an octave, and is also used in the performance of dense triads.

Shaking fingering

Finger-shaking-a guzheng playing technique, in which the thumb or forefinger is used to pluck the strings inward and outward continuously and quickly to achieve a coherent tone. In recent years, with the continuous development of playing skills and the requirement of musical expression, fingering has been further innovated, and various playing forms based on fingering have been derived, such as octave swing, two-finger swing, sweep swing, buckle swing and multi-finger sweep swing.

The following is a brief introduction to several finger shaking methods and playing essentials:

[Thumbs tremble]

Thumb Tik Tok is the most commonly used finger Tik Tok, which uses the thumb to support and split the strings alternately. According to different genres, different performance requirements and different learning stages, thumb shaking can also be divided into four types:

1, Wrist shaking-the forefinger gently pinches the big finger, the palm root lightly presses the piano head at the foot of Qian Yue Mountain as the fulcrum, and drives the finger with the wrist as the axis. Don't hold your hand too tightly or open it too wide, you need to keep it relaxed and natural. You can adjust the volume of finger jitter by pinching your thumb with your index finger. This kind of finger jitter is suitable for beginners.

2. Shake the pile-the basic point is the same as shaking the wrist. The difference is that it is not supported by the whole wrist, but by the little finger at the bottom of the front beam of the string to be played. Pay attention to lowering your wrist when playing. In the initial practice, when the thumb is split, it needs to be hit on the lower string to stabilize it. You need a little force when holding your fingers, but you don't need to rely on strings, which will affect the flexibility of fingering.

3. Wrist hanging and swinging-fingering is further liberated on the basis of the first two fingering methods. Hanging the wrist and swinging does not need any support, and it is completely completed by the control and strength of the wrist. This fingering method gets rid of the limitation of piling, and can complete the timbre requirements from Qianyue Mountain to any place in the yard, such as wandering and swinging.

4, quick shake-pluck the string with the knuckles of the thumb, that is, use the joints of the thumb and palm as the moving point to drive the whole finger to move. When playing, all fingers are completely relaxed, and the hand shape that is naturally relaxed when playing is maintained. This shaking method generally uses piling when playing long notes quickly or for a long time (piling is usually carried out with the ring finger); You don't need to bet when playing some notes with short duration changes. It's hard to shake your thumb quickly. The first three kinds of thumb shaking are mainly done by the strength of the wrist, and this kind of shaking is done by the strength of the thumb joint. It takes some effort to play smoothly.

Thumb Tik Tok can be practiced in stages, for example, each string shakes four notes at first, and then gradually increases to eight notes and sixteen notes until you can play your fingers continuously, evenly and quickly. When playing, the angle, depth and correctness of nail touching strings will directly affect the timbre and volume of fingers.

[forefinger shakes]

The forefinger plucks the strings inward and outward by continuously and alternately wiping and fingering. When playing, the thumb should gently pinch the first joint at the bottom of the index finger nail to stabilize the index finger and increase the auxiliary strength; The middle finger, ring finger and little finger are naturally relaxed, and there is no need to stick the little finger or index finger when playing. You can gently put your palm on the head of the kite outside the mountain, or you can shake it by hanging your wrist, so that the strength can be transmitted to your forearm through your big arm and drive your wrist to shake, forming a dense plucking of your fingertips. At this time, the main power of the index finger itself is small, which mainly plays a role in controlling the depth and angle of touching the string. When playing melodies and long notes, the jitter of index finger is as common as that of thumb.

[Two fingers tremble]

Thumb and forefinger are pulled alternately from inside to outside by chopping, wiping and supporting. The double command lever generally adopts the hanging wrist swing method. The thumb and forefinger maintain a chord position of three degrees or close to three degrees, the finger joints naturally bend and remain motionless, and the other three fingers naturally relax, which is driven by the strength of the wrist when playing. Two-finger shaking can also be done with thumb and middle finger. Gently pinch your thumb with your index finger to control the stability and strength of your thumb. The middle finger and thumb remain in a chord position of three degrees or close to three degrees. It is based on the shaking of the thumb and the middle finger to complete the effect of a continuous chord. But the difficulty has increased a lot, and it needs to be practiced frequently. Two-fingered rocking is also played by a few people with their forefinger and middle finger.

[buckle]

When the right hand plays the string, the thumb of the left hand tightly presses on the pronunciation string or gently pinches the string with the index finger and thumb, and moves left and right between the front beam and the yard according to the requirements of the music. Buckling is mainly used to render the atmosphere or simulate the wind in music (such as the music Typhoon).

[scanning]

The middle finger sweeps the string quickly within eight degrees, and the big finger shakes the finger. Sweeping is based on shaking, so practice shaking first, then add middle finger sweep rhythmically (that is, play more than two strings in the middle direction), and then gradually increase the speed and consistency of sweeping in practice.

[Multi-finger swipe]

Multi-finger scanning is different from the scanning we usually play. It is not based on the wrist swing (because the wrist swing is controlled and assisted by holding the thumb with the index finger). Multi-finger scanning is carried out on the basis of fast chopping. He needs an index finger, a middle finger and sometimes a ring finger, and takes turns to sweep the strings, combined with the swing of his thumb. This fingering is very difficult, so it is rarely used.

Other fingering

[Sweeping strings]-Fingers quickly pluck several adjacent strings (usually bass strings) outward, which is called "sweeping strings". Both left and right hands have brooms, and generally the left hand uses them more. When sweeping strings, use the middle finger, the first finger or the fourth finger, and the middle finger and the first finger to quickly pull out several adjacent strings with the same sound. Used in an atmosphere of haste, enthusiasm or excitement.

[Re-hook] —— The middle finger moves the adjacent two strings inward quickly by hook fingering. Hook is not used alone, it is often used in front of the thumb, just like the "decorative sound" of thumb shaking, but it is not a light flower, but a powerful low octave and its adjacent sound. The combined fingering "double-hook split support" also includes fingering that emphasizes hooks.

[Double Hook Split]-This is a set of comprehensive fingering composed of four plucked strings. The four strokes of this fingering are: 1, simultaneously plucking strings with chopping and re-hooking, plucking strings with chopping and re-hooking the low octave of melody and its adjacent strings; 2. Play melodious strings by plucking; 3. Play melody strings through splits; 4. Play the melody string with the plectrum.

Among these four plucked strings, the melody is plucked by "supporting and supporting separately", and the low octave and its adjacent sounds are plucked by "heavy hook", so it is called "heavy hook supporting separately" or "sweeping".

Hook splitting is often used for continuous sixteenth notes. There is also a fingering method of "split support with heavy hook", and its four plucking actions are "plucking the strings with heavy hook for the first time; The second time, the third time and the fourth time, pluck the strings one by one with "supporting and chopping". " Topito "plucked the rhythm of the strings. Hook span is applied to the performance of four sixteenth notes, the first one is a low octave, and the second, third and fourth notes are melodic sounds.

[Scratch]-Strike the strings continuously from bottom to top (i.e. from bass to treble) or from top to bottom (i.e. from treble to bass) with your right hand or left hand. Also known as "calendar sound". Calendar sound is one of the most distinctive techniques in Zheng playing. In various styles of traditional Zheng music and Zheng music creation, the use of calendar sound is extensive and colorful. It can be used in lyrical paragraphs or in passionate or passionate melodies.

[Overtone]-There are two ways to play overtones: one is to press the overtone point with the left index finger and pluck the strings with the right index finger or thumb. When the right hand plucks the string, the left hand touches the string and leaves immediately. The other is to play the overtone with one hand, and press the overtone point outside the palm of your right hand. The thumb and forefinger are pinched together, and the strings are touched with the "pick", and the palms are also touched at the same time, that is, they leave the strings, thus producing overtones, and the left hand can also be freed to sing and press the strings. Overtone position: The overtones played by the Zheng are all natural overtones, which are located at one-half, one-third, two-thirds, one-quarter and three-quarters of the right chord segment of the Zheng code. In order to play the overtone accurately, you can make a mark on the panel where the strings are also aligned, so that the fingers of your left hand can press the overtone accurately.

Often play arpeggio, chord or staccato chord. Guzheng plays arpeggios with one hand and two hands. The methods of playing arpeggio with one hand are: from bottom to top, use four fingers of Ming, Zhong, Shi and Da, from top to bottom, use four fingers of Da, Shi, Zhong and Ming, or use only three fingers. Rarely play strings with five fingers.