During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which sculptures occupied a dominant position?

"In the 5th century, sculptures with the theme of Buddhism began to dominate." Indeed, the Southern and Northern Dynasties witnessed the rapid spread and development of Buddhist culture in China. During this period, a large number of Buddhist classics were translated into Chinese, and a group of Buddhist masters emerged, preaching and teaching to solve doubts and establishing sects. As an important manifestation of Buddhist culture and art, the Buddha sculpture began to develop rapidly during this period, occupying an important position in the history of sculpture in China. It was at this time that the Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi and the Longmen Grottoes in Henan began to be built.

The early grottoes have obvious characteristics, which are different from those in the prosperous period of Sui and Tang Dynasties. However, most of these early grottoes were destroyed, and the subsequent restoration work was also very rough, leaving a lot of regrets. "Only in a few small caves that are far away from the temple, or in some high cliff caves, can we see some Buddha statues that have escaped repair and are relatively well preserved." Other Buddhist sculptures in this period, such as figures and statues, have obvious characteristics of early Buddhist sculptures.

Relatively speaking, few of these early Buddhist sculptures can withstand the baptism of time and the torrent of history. Some of them have been scattered abroad and become the collections of overseas museums, art galleries, antique dealers and private collectors. However, there are also a large number of people whose whereabouts are unknown, and some people have disappeared many times after being robbed. It can be seen that these sculpture images displayed in the book are particularly precious and have important artistic value and historical significance. During this period, most of the three-dimensional round carvings were painted pottery figurines, but there were also a few glazed pottery figurines, celadon figurines and stone carvings. Since the Western Jin Dynasty, there has been an army of clay figurines composed of grave keepers, armored warriors, pommel horses, ox carts and concubines.

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